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Article: The relation of serum levels of antioxidant vitamins C and E, retinol and carotenoids with pulmonary function in the general population.

Schünemann, H J / Grant, B J / Freudenheim, J L / Muti, P / Browne, R W / Drake, J A / Klocke, R A / Trevisan, M

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

2001 Volume 163, Issue 5, Page(s) 1246–1255

Abstract: ... antioxidant vitamins are thought to positively influence pulmonary function. Vitamin C, vitamin E, retinol ... vitamins C and E, retinol, and carotenoids (beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and ... significant associations of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and ...

Abstract	Reduced pulmonary function is an important predictor of mortality in the general population, and antioxidant vitamins are thought to positively influence pulmonary function. Vitamin C, vitamin E, retinol, and carotenoids are powerful antioxidants but information about the joint relation of serum levels of these antioxidants to pulmonary function is limited. We analyzed the association of FEV(1) and FVC with serum vitamins C and E, retinol, and carotenoids (beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and lycopene) in a cross-sectional study. The analysis was carried out in a sample of 1,616 randomly selected residents of Western New York, USA, age 35 to 79 yr and free of respiratory disease. Lung function was adjusted for height, age, sex, and race and expressed as percentage of predicted normal FEV(1) (FEV(1)%) and FVC (FVC%). Participants in the lowest quartile of each of the serum antioxidants had consistently lower FEV(1)% and FVC% than those in higher quartiles. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant associations of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and retinol with FEV(1)% when these variables were investigated individually after adjustment for other covariates (smoking status, pack-years of smoking, weight, eosinophil count, and education). When all of these antioxidant vitamins were analyzed simultaneously in a multivariate regression model, the strongest association was seen with vitamin E and beta-cryptoxanthin. Only retinol showed an independent effect on FEV(1)% after controlling for vitamin E and beta-cryptoxanthin. As for FEV(1)%, vitamin E and beta-cryptoxanthin were most strongly related to FVC% when all variables were considered in the multivariate regression model. The differences in FEV(1) associated with a reduction of one standard deviation of serum vitamin E or beta-cryptoxanthin were equivalent to the negative influence of approximately 1 to 2 yr of aging. Our findings support the hypothesis that antioxidant vitamins may play a role in respiratory health and that vitamin E and beta-cryptoxanthin appear to be stronger correlates of lung function than other antioxidant vitamins.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Ascorbic Acid/blood ; Carotenoids/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cryptoxanthins ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Respiratory Mechanics/physiology ; Vital Capacity/physiology ; Vitamin A/blood ; Vitamin E/blood ; Xanthophylls ; beta Carotene/analogs & derivatives ; beta Carotene/blood
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Cryptoxanthins ; Xanthophylls ; beta Carotene (01YAE03M7J) ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4) ; Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1180953-x
ISSN	1535-4970 ; 1073-449X ; 0003-0805
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
ISSN	1073-449X ; 0003-0805
DOI	10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2007135
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Article ; Online: Leverage zones in Responsible AI: towards a systems thinking conceptualization.

Nabavi, Ehsan / Browne, Chris

Humanities & social sciences communications

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 82

Abstract: There is a growing debate amongst academics and practitioners on whether interventions made, thus far, towards Responsible AI have been enough to engage with the root causes of AI problems. Failure to effect meaningful changes in this system could see ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing debate amongst academics and practitioners on whether interventions made, thus far, towards Responsible AI have been enough to engage with the root causes of AI problems. Failure to effect meaningful changes in this system could see these initiatives not reach their potential and lead to the concept becoming another buzzword for companies to use in their marketing campaigns. Systems thinking is often touted as a methodology to manage and effect change; however, there is little practical advice available for decision-makers to include systems thinking insights to work towards Responsible AI. Using the notion of 'leverage zones' adapted from the systems thinking literature, we suggest a novel approach to plan for and experiment with potential initiatives and interventions. This paper presents a conceptual framework called the Five Ps to help practitioners construct and identify holistic interventions that may work towards Responsible AI, from lower-order interventions such as short-term fixes, tweaking algorithms and updating parameters, through to higher-order interventions such as redefining the system's foundational structures that govern those parameters, or challenging the underlying purpose upon which those structures are built and developed in the first place. Finally, we reflect on the framework as a scaffold for transdisciplinary question-asking to improve outcomes towards Responsible AI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-9992
ISSN (online)	2662-9992
DOI	10.1057/s41599-023-01579-0
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Article ; Online: Isolation and Maintenance of In Vitro Cell Cultures from the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi.

Dieter, Abigail C / Vandepas, Lauren E / Browne, William E

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Volume 2450, Page(s) 347–358

Abstract: The ability to isolate, monitor, and examine specific cells of interest enables targeted experimental manipulations that would otherwise be difficult to perform and interpret in the context of the whole organism. In vitro primary cell cultures derived ... ...

Abstract	The ability to isolate, monitor, and examine specific cells of interest enables targeted experimental manipulations that would otherwise be difficult to perform and interpret in the context of the whole organism. In vitro primary cell cultures derived from ctenophores thus serve as an important tool for understanding complex cellular and molecular interactions that take place both within and between various ctenophore cell types. Here we describe methods for reliably generating and maintaining primary cell cultures derived from the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi that can be used for a wide variety of experimental applications.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Ctenophora
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_18
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Article: The Impact of the Six Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine on Brain Health.

Jaqua, Ecler / Biddy, Edna / Moore, Clare / Browne, Genise

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e34605

Abstract: Dementia is growing exponentially worldwide. Unfortunately, the treatment available does not reverse any type of cognitive impairment. As a result, healthcare professionals are focusing on other evidence-based options, such as lifestyle medicine (LM). ... ...

Abstract	Dementia is growing exponentially worldwide. Unfortunately, the treatment available does not reverse any type of cognitive impairment. As a result, healthcare professionals are focusing on other evidence-based options, such as lifestyle medicine (LM). Current evidence demonstrates improvement in neurocognitive decline by applying the six pillars of LM, which include plant-based nutrition, physical activity, stress management, avoidance of risky substances, restorative sleep, and social connections. Plant-based nutrition has a positive impact on cognition by decreasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approach to Systolic Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND). Physical activity also might prevent neurocognitive decline by increasing fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and Irisin in the hippocampus, which increases energy expenditure and prolongs endurance. Additionally, higher perceived stress in adulthood and the use of risky substances such as alcohol, nicotine, and opioids are significantly associated with developing mild cognitive impairment and all-cause dementia. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between poor sleep and social isolation with a rapid progression in cognitive decline. Lifestyle changes have a substantial impact on brain health. Therefore, the focus should always be on prevention as the primary treatment tool.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.34605
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Article ; Online: How Do We Learn About Error? A Cross-Sectional Study of Urology Trainees.

Browne, Clíodhna / Crone, Lauren / O'Connor, Enda

Journal of surgical education

2023 Volume 80, Issue 6, Page(s) 864–872

Abstract: Objective: This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore trainees' experiences of error disclosure (ED) during their surgical postgraduate training and the factors influencing the intention-behavior gap for ED.: Design: This study employs an ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore trainees' experiences of error disclosure (ED) during their surgical postgraduate training and the factors influencing the intention-behavior gap for ED. Design: This study employs an interpretivist methodology and a qualitative descriptive research strategy. Data were collected using focus group interviews. Data coding was performed by the principal investigator using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were developed from the data in a deductive manner. Analysis was carried out using NVivo 12.6.1. Setting: All participants were at various stages of an 8-year specialist program under the auspices of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The training program involves clinical work in a teaching hospital under the supervision of senior doctors in their specialist field. Trainees attend mandatory communication skills training days throughout the program. Participants: Study participants were recruited using purposive sampling from a sampling frame of 25 urology trainees on a national training scheme. Eleven trainees participated in the study. Results: Participants' stage of training ranged from first to final year. Seven key themes emerged from the data relating to the trainees' experiences of error disclosure and the intention-behavior gap for ED. These themes include observed positive and negative practice in the workplace, impact of stage of training, importance of interpersonal interactions, perceived blame/responsibility for multifactorial error or recognized complication, lack of formal training in ED, cultural aspects of the training environment and medicolegal issues around ED. Conclusions: While trainees recognize the importance of ED, personal psychological factors, negative environmental culture, and medicolegal concerns are significant barriers to the practice of ED. A training environment that focuses on role-modelling and experiential learning with adequate time for reflection and debriefing is paramount. Areas for further research include broadening the scope of this study of ED across different medical and surgical subspecialties.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Urology ; Learning ; Qualitative Research ; Focus Groups ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Clinical Competence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2277538-9
ISSN	1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
ISSN (online)	1878-7452
ISSN	1931-7204
DOI	10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.03.007
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Article: Ernest Muir, C.M.G., C.I.E., M.D. (Edin,), F.R.C.S., LL.D. 1880-1974.

Browne, S G

International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association

1974 Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 457–458

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; England ; History of Medicine ; Leprosy/history ; Scotland
Language	English
Publishing date	1974-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	982148-x
ISSN	1544-581X ; 0148-916X
ISSN (online)	1544-581X
ISSN	0148-916X
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Article ; Online: Measuring Preference for Supernormal Over Natural Rewards : A Two-Dimensional Anticipatory Pleasure Scale.

Goodwin, B C / Browne, M / Rockloff, M

Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 1474704915613914

Abstract: ... consumer products (e.g., snack foods, alcohol, and pornography) appear to incorporate SN features, leading ... preference for SN stimuli. While further evaluation is needed (e.g., using experimental measures ...

Abstract	Supernormal (SN) stimuli are artificial products that activate reward pathways and approach behavior more so than naturally occurring stimuli for which these systems were intended. Many modern consumer products (e.g., snack foods, alcohol, and pornography) appear to incorporate SN features, leading to excessive consumption, in preference to naturally occurring alternatives. No measure currently exists for the self-report assessment of individual differences or changes in susceptibility to such stimuli. Therefore, an anticipatory pleasure scale was modified to include items that represented both SN and natural (N) classes of rewarding stimuli. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution, and as predicted, N and SN items reliably loaded on separate dimensions. Internal reliability for the two scales was high, ρ =.93 and ρ =.90, respectively. The two-dimensional measure was evaluated via regression using the N and SN scale means as predictors and self-reports of daily consumption of 21 products with SN features as outcomes. As expected, SN pleasure ratings were related to higher SN product consumption, while N pleasure ratings had either negative or neutral associations to consumption of these products. We conclude that the resulting two-dimensional measure is a potentially reliable and valid self-report measure of differential preference for SN stimuli. While further evaluation is needed (e.g., using experimental measures), the proposed scale may play a useful role in the study of both trait- and state-based variation in human susceptibility to SN stimuli.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2118532-3
ISSN	1474-7049 ; 1474-7049
ISSN (online)	1474-7049
ISSN	1474-7049
DOI	10.1177/1474704915613914
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Article ; Online: Addressing medial student knowledge deficits in 'hospital-to-home' transitions of care using a constructivism theory-based workshop intervention.

Browne, Anne C / Murphy, Ella / Finn, Yvonne / Cantillon, Peter

The clinical teacher

2023 , Page(s) e13679

Abstract: Introduction: Effective teaching and learning initiatives on transitions of patient care, especially from hospital to home, are frequently lacking within medical school curricula. We trialled an integrated test-enhanced active learning strategy to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Effective teaching and learning initiatives on transitions of patient care, especially from hospital to home, are frequently lacking within medical school curricula. We trialled an integrated test-enhanced active learning strategy to prepare students for the safe management of these patient transitions. Methods: This randomised, prospective, single blinded, interventional study assessed medical students' knowledge, regarding patients' hospital-to-home transition. The intervention was a purpose-designed transitions of care workshop, the assessment tool was a multiple-choice assessment based on prior studies. Students were randomly allocated to the application of the assessment both pre- and post-workshop or to assessment solely post-workshop to determine the potential for the assessment to prime student learning. Results: Sixteen students enrolled for the workshops. Significant knowledge gaps were identified. No student identified that medication errors were the most common source of post-discharge adverse events. Only 42% of participants knew that age >65 contributes to medication non-adherence, with 50% knowing that the medical reconciliation process should include discontinued medications. The workshop increased student knowledge, addressing identified knowledge gaps (74% pre-workshop versus 87% post-workshop, p < 0.005). Students self-perceived level of competency after completing the workshop intervention was increased (5.5 pre-workshop versus 15 post-workshop, p < 0.001). All aspects of student self-assessed competency increased significantly from the pre-workshop scores. There was no priming effect of the pre-workshop assessment on student knowledge scores or perceived competency. Discussion: Important gaps in student knowledge skills and attitudes exist regarding the hospital to home transition. Our active learning strategy addressed these gaps, enhancing student understanding and confidence around transitions of patient care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2151518-9
ISSN	1743-498X ; 1743-4971
ISSN (online)	1743-498X
ISSN	1743-4971
DOI	10.1111/tct.13679
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Book ; Online: Five Ps

Nabavi, Ehsan / Browne, Chris

Leverage Zones Towards Responsible AI

2022

Abstract: There is a growing debate amongst academics and practitioners on whether interventions made, thus far, towards Responsible AI would have been enough to engage with root causes of AI problems. Failure to effect meaningful changes in this system could see ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing debate amongst academics and practitioners on whether interventions made, thus far, towards Responsible AI would have been enough to engage with root causes of AI problems. Failure to effect meaningful changes in this system could see these initiatives to not reach their potential and lead to the concept becoming another buzzword for companies to use in their marketing campaigns. We propose that there is an opportunity to improve the extent to which interventions are understood to be effective in their contribution to the change required for Responsible AI. Using the notions of leverage zones adapted from the 'Systems Thinking' literature, we suggest a novel approach to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, to focus on those that may bring about the real change that is needed. In this paper we argue that insights from using this perspective demonstrate that the majority of current initiatives taken by various actors in the field, focus on low-order interventions, such as short-term fixes, tweaking algorithms and updating parameters, absent from higher-order interventions, such as redefining the system's foundational structures that govern those parameters, or challenging the underlying purpose upon which those structures are built and developed in the first place(high-leverage). This paper presents a conceptual framework called the Five Ps to identify interventions towards Responsible AI and provides a scaffold for transdisciplinary question asking to improve outcomes towards Responsible AI.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: E-cigarettes and peri-operative smoking cessation: a note of caution.

Browne, G / Barnwell, N / Nestor, C C / Kearsley, R

Anaesthesia

2023 Volume 79, Issue 2, Page(s) 213–214

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smoking Cessation ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Smoking
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80033-8
ISSN	1365-2044 ; 0003-2409
ISSN (online)	1365-2044
ISSN	0003-2409
DOI	10.1111/anae.16144
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