Article ; Online: Characterization and investigation of cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of coencapsulated limonene and thymol into the Ferula assafoetida gum microparticles.
International journal of biological macromolecules
2024 Volume 263, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 130338
Abstract: Thymol (Th) and d-limonene (L) exhibit low stability and are prone to oxidation when exposed to air, light, humidity, and high temperatures. This study examined the coencapsulation of Th and L into Ferula assafoetida gum (AFG) microparticles. Scanning ... ...
| Abstract | Thymol (Th) and d-limonene (L) exhibit low stability and are prone to oxidation when exposed to air, light, humidity, and high temperatures. This study examined the coencapsulation of Th and L into Ferula assafoetida gum (AFG) microparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were done to characterize the obtained complexes. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency, antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, and anticancer properties of both the free and encapsulated forms of L and Th were measured. For all samples, by increasing the percentage of bioactive compound (L, Th, and L-Th) from 2.5 to 5 % w/w, the EE was increased. FTIR and XRD analysis results demonstrated that Th and L were successfully incorporated into the AFG. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis showed that in the thermal graphs of all samples, the first weight loss occurred between 30 °C and 160 °C, which was due to the evaporation of water. In the free L and Th graph, a sharp reduction peak was observed in which 80 % of compounds were lost. These reduction peaks disappeared in the thermal graphs of L: AFG and Th: AFG revealing that the thermal stability of Th and L was significantly increased upon their incorporation into the AFG. The inclusion of Th into the AFG also led to an increase in its antibacterial activity, while L exhibited acceptable antibacterial activity, albeit not as high as Th. Additionally, according to the MIC results, Th: AFG had the best antibacterial activity among all compounds, especially on gram-positive bacteria. According to the result of the MTT assay, there was a significant difference between the IC |
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| MeSH term(s) | Thymol/pharmacology ; Limonene ; Ferula/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology |
| Chemical Substances | Thymol (3J50XA376E) ; Limonene (9MC3I34447) ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Bacterial Agents |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2024-02-20 |
| Publishing country | Netherlands |
| Document type | Journal Article |
| ZDB-ID | 282732-3 |
| ISSN | 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130 |
| ISSN (online) | 1879-0003 |
| ISSN | 0141-8130 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130338 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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