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Article ; Online: Clinical and behavior characteristics of individuals who used ketamine

Tony Szu-Hsien Lee / Yi-Hsuan Liu / Yun-Ju Huang / Wai-Kwong Tang / Yifan Wang / Sien Hu / Ching-Po Lin / Chiang-Shan Ray Li / Chia-Chun Hung

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract This study aims to depict and compare clinical characteristics and risk behavior among groups of individuals using ketamine, polydrugs or smoking cigarette. A total of 185 drug-using participants and 49 smokers participated in this study. A ... ...

Abstract	Abstract This study aims to depict and compare clinical characteristics and risk behavior among groups of individuals using ketamine, polydrugs or smoking cigarette. A total of 185 drug-using participants and 49 smokers participated in this study. A cross-sectional interview was used to collect information on demographics, drug- and sex-related behaviors, HIV serostatus, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), behavioral dispositions. N-back memory test was used to measure short-term memory. Result shows that 10 participants (5.41%) were HIV positive and 14 (7.57%) having LUTS. Individuals with ketamine and polydrugs use have significantly worse drug-related problem than cigarette smokers. Compared to cigarette smokers and ketamine users, individuals with polydrug users scored significantly higher on impulsivity measures. Cigarette smokers performed significantly better than the other two groups on the memory tests. A few patients had been infected with HIV and diagnosed with LUTS. Findings support that memory on short term recalls of patients with ketamine use might be impaired. Study findings warrants the necessarily of further study on influences of using ketamine.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical and behavior characteristics of individuals who used ketamine.

Lee, Tony Szu-Hsien / Liu, Yi-Hsuan / Huang, Yun-Ju / Tang, Wai-Kwong / Wang, Yifan / Hu, Sien / Lin, Ching-Po / Li, Chiang-Shan Ray / Hung, Chia-Chun

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 801

Abstract: This study aims to depict and compare clinical characteristics and risk behavior among groups of individuals using ketamine, polydrugs or smoking cigarette. A total of 185 drug-using participants and 49 smokers participated in this study. A cross- ... ...

Abstract	This study aims to depict and compare clinical characteristics and risk behavior among groups of individuals using ketamine, polydrugs or smoking cigarette. A total of 185 drug-using participants and 49 smokers participated in this study. A cross-sectional interview was used to collect information on demographics, drug- and sex-related behaviors, HIV serostatus, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), behavioral dispositions. N-back memory test was used to measure short-term memory. Result shows that 10 participants (5.41%) were HIV positive and 14 (7.57%) having LUTS. Individuals with ketamine and polydrugs use have significantly worse drug-related problem than cigarette smokers. Compared to cigarette smokers and ketamine users, individuals with polydrug users scored significantly higher on impulsivity measures. Cigarette smokers performed significantly better than the other two groups on the memory tests. A few patients had been infected with HIV and diagnosed with LUTS. Findings support that memory on short term recalls of patients with ketamine use might be impaired. Study findings warrants the necessarily of further study on influences of using ketamine.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Ketamine/adverse effects ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/chemically induced ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Substance-Related Disorders/etiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-04832-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Decreased amygdala activation during risk taking in non-dependent habitual alcohol users: A preliminary fMRI study of the stop signal task.

Yan, Peisi / Li, Chiang-Shan Ray

The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse

2009 Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 284–289

Abstract: Background and objectives: Habitual alcohol use is prodromal to alcohol dependence. It has been suggested that impairment in impulse control contributes to habitual drinking. Little is known whether neural processes associated with impulse control is ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Habitual alcohol use is prodromal to alcohol dependence. It has been suggested that impairment in impulse control contributes to habitual drinking. Little is known whether neural processes associated with impulse control is altered in non-dependent social drinkers. The current preliminary study combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and the stop signal task (SST) to address this issue. Methods: We compared non-dependent non/light (n = 12) and moderate/heavy (n = 9) young adult alcohol drinkers in a SST, in which they were required to exercise inhibitory control during the stop trials and were engaged in a speed/accuracy trade-off during trial-to-trial go responses. Our previous studies identified neural correlates of inhibitory control and risk taking during the SST ( [10] , [11] ). Furthermore, alcohol dependent patients showed altered brain activation both during inhibitory control and risk taking, compared to healthy controls ( [12] ). Results: We showed that moderate/heavy alcohol drinkers were decreased in amygdala activation during risk taking, while indistinguishable in neural measures of inhibitory control, when compared to non/light drinkers. Conclusions and significance: Altered amygdala activation during risk taking may be a key neural process underlying early habitual alcohol use and a potential marker mediating transition to alcohol dependence.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/physiopathology ; Amygdala/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Pilot Projects ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Risk-Taking
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	193086-2
ISSN	1097-9891 ; 0095-2990
ISSN (online)	1097-9891
ISSN	0095-2990
DOI	10.1080/00952990902968569
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Article ; Online: A neural measure of behavioral engagement: task-residual low-frequency blood oxygenation level-dependent activity in the precuneus.

Zhang, Sheng / Li, Chiang-Shan Ray

NeuroImage

2009 Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 1911–1918

Abstract: Brain imaging has provided a useful tool to examine the neural processes underlying human cognition. A critical question is whether and how task engagement influences the observed regional brain activations. Here we highlighted this issue and derived a ... ...

Abstract	Brain imaging has provided a useful tool to examine the neural processes underlying human cognition. A critical question is whether and how task engagement influences the observed regional brain activations. Here we highlighted this issue and derived a neural measure of task engagement from the task-residual low-frequency blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the precuneus. Using independent component analysis, we identified brain regions in the default circuit - including the precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) - showing greater activation during resting as compared to task residuals in 33 individuals. Time series correlations with the posterior cingulate cortex as the seed region showed that connectivity with the precuneus was significantly stronger during resting as compared to task residuals. We hypothesized that if the task-residual BOLD activity in the precuneus reflects engagement, it should account for a certain amount of variance in task-related regional brain activation. In an additional experiment of 59 individuals performing a stop signal task, we observed that the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) of the precuneus but not the mPFC accounted for approximately 10% of the variance in prefrontal activation related to attentional monitoring and response inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that task-residual fALFF in the precuneus may be a potential indicator of task engagement. This measurement may serve as a useful covariate in identifying motivation-independent neural processes that underlie the pathogenesis of a psychiatric or neurological condition.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Oxygen/blood ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Rest/physiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.004
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Article ; Online: Traumatic Experiences and PTSD Symptoms in the Chinese Male Intrafamilial Physical Violence Perpetrators: A Comparative and Structural Equation Modeling Study.

Liu, Na / Cao, Yuping / Qiao, Huifen / Ma, Hui / Li, Jijun / Luo, Xingguang / Li, Chiang-Shan Ray / Zhang, Yalin / Zhang, Ning

Journal of interpersonal violence

2018 Volume 36, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 2841–2861

Abstract: We aimed to compare traumatic experiences among the groups of perpetrators with or without violent pedigree, and establish a structural model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as mediators of traumatic experiences and severe intrafamilial ... ...

Abstract	We aimed to compare traumatic experiences among the groups of perpetrators with or without violent pedigree, and establish a structural model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as mediators of traumatic experiences and severe intrafamilial physical violence among Chinese male perpetrators. A cross-sectional survey and a face-to-face interview were conducted to examine intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and violent pedigree, childhood maltreatment, other traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and severe intrafamilial physical violence in a community sample of 229 abusive men and 303 controlled men in China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, the scores of the questionnaires were entered into the theoretical model and calculated. Findings demonstrated that the numbers of the traumatic events in four groups were significantly different with a declining trend, and the SEM data had an adequate fit. The loadings of pathways from childhood witness domestic violence (DV) to severe physical violence (SPV) were more salience than other pathways, and the indirect effect of every pathway, except for the childhood witness DV to PTSD symptoms, on severe intrafamilial physical violence in the model was significant. The results suggest that PTSD symptoms cluster as mediator of the intergenerational transmission of SPV perpetration in Chinese abusive men. Childhood witness IPV has effects on adulthood perpetration of IPV.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Latent Class Analysis ; Male ; Physical Abuse ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/0886260518764103
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Article: Do schizophrenia patients make more perseverative than non-perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test? A meta-analytic study.

Li, Chiang-Shan Ray

Psychiatry research

2004 Volume 129, Issue 2, Page(s) 179–190

Abstract: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is widely used to explore executive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Among other findings, a higher number of perseverative errors has been suggested to implicate a deficit in task switching and inhibitory ... ...

Abstract	The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is widely used to explore executive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Among other findings, a higher number of perseverative errors has been suggested to implicate a deficit in task switching and inhibitory functions in schizophrenia. Many studies of patients with schizophrenia have focused on perseverative errors as the primary performance index in the WCST. However, do schizophrenia patients characteristically make more perseverative than non-perseverative errors compared with healthy controls? We reviewed the literature where schizophrenia patients were engaged in the WCST irrespective of the primary goal of the study. The results showed that while both schizophrenia patients and healthy participants made more perseverative than non-perseverative errors, the contrast between perseverative and non-perseverative errors is higher in schizophrenia patients only at a marginal level of significance. This result suggests that schizophrenia patients do make a comparable number of non-perseverative errors and cautions against simplistic interpretation of poor performance of schizophrenia patients in WCST as entirely resulting from impairment in set-shifting or inhibitory functions.
MeSH term(s)	Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Humans ; Inhibition (Psychology) ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-12-15
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0165-1781 ; 0925-4927
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0165-1781 ; 0925-4927
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.016
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Article: Inhibitory control and emotional stress regulation: neuroimaging evidence for frontal-limbic dysfunction in psycho-stimulant addiction.

Li, Chiang-shan Ray / Sinha, Rajita

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2007 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 581–597

Abstract: This review focuses on neuroimaging studies that examined stress processing and regulation and cognitive inhibitory control in patients with psycho-stimulant addiction. We provide an overview of these studies, summarizing converging evidence and ... ...

Abstract	This review focuses on neuroimaging studies that examined stress processing and regulation and cognitive inhibitory control in patients with psycho-stimulant addiction. We provide an overview of these studies, summarizing converging evidence and discrepancies as they occur in the literature. We also adopt an analytic perspective and dissect these psychological processes into their sub-components, to identify the neural pathways specific to each component process and those that are more specifically involved in psycho-stimulant addiction. To this aim we refer frequently to studies conducted in healthy individuals. Despite the separate treatment of stress/affect regulation, stress-related craving or compulsive drug seeking, and inhibitory control, neural underpinnings of these processes overlap significantly. In particular, the ventromedial prefrontal regions including the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and the striatum are implicated in psychostimulant dependence. Our overarching thesis is that prefrontal activity ensures intact emotional stress regulation and inhibitory control. Altered prefrontal activity along with heightened striatal responses to addicted drug and drug-related salient stimuli perpetuates habitual drug seeking. Further studies that examine the functional relationships of these neural systems will likely provide the key to understanding the mechanisms underlying compulsive drug use behaviors in psycho-stimulant dependence.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Mapping ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Limbic System/physiopathology ; Motivation ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/complications ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.10.003
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Article: Impaired detection of visual motion in schizophrenia patients.

Li, Chiang-Shan Ray

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry

2002 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 929–934

Abstract: Purpose: A recent report demonstrated impaired auditory detection and discrimination in schizophrenia patients. It is suggested that a deficit in attention resulted in flatter slopes of the psychometric functions. Here, we investigated whether these ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: A recent report demonstrated impaired auditory detection and discrimination in schizophrenia patients. It is suggested that a deficit in attention resulted in flatter slopes of the psychometric functions. Here, we investigated whether these patients showed a similar deficit in another sensory modality. Specifically, we examined a subset of the schizophrenia patients in a visual task involving motion detection. Methods: A total of 13 schizophrenia patients and 14 normal controls detected the presence of a group of random dots moving in a coherent direction among other dots moving in random directions. Signal intensity varied from trial to trial. Detection sensitivity and bias were computed using signal detection theory. Results: The schizophrenia patients were less sensitive in detecting motion stimuli, compared to normal subjects. The decrement in sensitivity varies with signal-to-noise ratio. The two groups did not differ in response bias. Conclusion: Schizophrenics were impaired in visual, as well as in auditory, attention, in accordance with the idea that attention impairment may represent a core deficit in schizophrenia.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Regression Analysis ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	781181-0
ISSN	1878-4216 ; 0278-5846
ISSN (online)	1878-4216
ISSN	0278-5846
DOI	10.1016/s0278-5846(02)00207-5
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Article: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in cocaine-dependent men and women.

Li, Chiang-Shan Ray / Sinha, Rajita

Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN

2006 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 115–121

Abstract: Objective: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into drug abuse, but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into drug abuse, but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in cocaine-dependent individuals has not been examined. Methods: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent cocaine-dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood oxygen level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Results: Male cocaine users demonstrated a positive correlation between TAS scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with TAS scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between TAS scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with TAS scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. Conclusions: Women with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, men showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female cocaine-dependent patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Affective Symptoms/etiology ; Affective Symptoms/psychology ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/physiopathology ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology ; Female ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/physiopathology ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1077443-9
ISSN	1180-4882
ISSN	1180-4882
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Article: Substance use, anxiety, and self-management efficacy in HIV-positive individuals: A mediation analysis.

Chen, Wei-Ti / Shiu, Chengshi / Yang, Joyce P / Li, Chiang-Shan Ray / Wang, Kerong / Zhang, Lin / Zhang, Jing / Bao, Meijuan / Aung, Myo Nyein / Chen, Li-Chen / Zhao, Hongxin / Lu, Hongzhou

Journal of substance use

2018 Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 408–414

Abstract: Context: In China, the social stigma of both substance use and HIV remains major barriers. HIV+ individuals have been demonstrated to have higher psychosocial distress in the literature. To ensure quality of life among HIV+ Chinese individuals, self- ... ...

Abstract	Context: In China, the social stigma of both substance use and HIV remains major barriers. HIV+ individuals have been demonstrated to have higher psychosocial distress in the literature. To ensure quality of life among HIV+ Chinese individuals, self-efficacy in HIV-related management including substance use and anxiety is the key to suppress viral load and maintain healthy lives. Objectives: We examine the mediation relationship among substance use, anxiety, and self-management efficacy. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used. 137 HIV+ individuals were recruited from two premier Chinese hospitals: Beijing's Ditan Hospital and Shanghai's Public Health Clinic Center (SPHCC). Results: HIV+ substance users had significantly lower HIV-management efficacy and higher anxiety scores. About a third of the relations between substance use and anxiety was mediated by HIV-management self-efficacy. Those who used substances in the previous week had higher anxiety levels suggesting the presence of a recent effect. Their higher levels of anxiety could be largely explained by their lower HIV-management efficacy. Conclusion: It is useful for healthcare providers to assess substance use behaviors in HIV+ individuals as well as provide support in managing anxiety in this population. Meanwhile, enhancing self-management efficacy to ensure healthy lifestyles may support achieving optimal lives with HIV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1493277-5
ISSN	1465-9891
ISSN	1465-9891
DOI	10.1080/14659891.2018.1436603
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