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  1. Article: Associations of Sedentary Behavior and Screen Time with Human Gut Microbiome Composition and Diversity.

    Antush, Maximilian T / Balemba, Onesmo B / Hendricks, Sarah A / Flynn, Morgan / Geidl, Rayme / Vella, Chantal A

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3

    Abstract: Human gut microbiome richness, diversity, and composition are associated with physical activity and impaired glycemic control; however, the associations with sedentary behavior and screen time are not as well-established. This study evaluated ... ...

    Abstract Human gut microbiome richness, diversity, and composition are associated with physical activity and impaired glycemic control; however, the associations with sedentary behavior and screen time are not as well-established. This study evaluated associations of sedentary behavior and screen time with the alpha diversity and composition of the human gut microbiome in adults with and without impaired glycemic control. Sedentary behavior and screen time data were collected via survey from 47 adults (38% with impaired glycemic control). Microbiome composition and alpha diversity were determined in fecal microbial DNA. Sedentary behavior was negatively associated with the number of observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao 1 Index, and Fisher's Alpha Index. These associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant when controlling for covariates. Screen time was negatively associated with the number of observed OTUs, Shannon Index, and Fisher's Alpha Index; however, only the association with observed OTUs was independent of all covariates. Our findings suggest sedentary behavior and screen time may be significant influencers of compositional changes in human gut microbiota. This may be a potential mechanism linking sedentary behavior and screen time to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life14030363
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: High-Resolution Taxonomic Characterization Reveals Novel Human Microbial Strains with Potential as Risk Factors and Probiotics for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

    Hendricks, Sarah A / Vella, Chantal A / New, Daniel D / Aunjum, Afiya / Antush, Maximilian / Geidl, Rayme / Andrews, Kimberly R / Balemba, Onesmo B

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in causing type 2 diabetes, yet is not fully understood, especially at the strain level. Here, we used long-read DNA sequencing technology of 16S-ITS-23S rRNA genes for ... ...

    Abstract Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in causing type 2 diabetes, yet is not fully understood, especially at the strain level. Here, we used long-read DNA sequencing technology of 16S-ITS-23S rRNA genes for high-resolution characterization of gut microbiota in the development of type 2 diabetes. Gut microbiota composition was characterized from fecal DNA from 47 participants divided into 4 cohorts based on glycemic control: normal glycemic control (healthy;
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11030758
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Intestinal distension orchestrates neuronal activity in the enteric nervous system of adult mice.

    Cavin, Jean-Baptiste / Wongkrasant, Preedajit / Glover, Joel B / Balemba, Onesmo B / MacNaughton, Wallace K / Sharkey, Keith A

    The Journal of physiology

    2023  Volume 601, Issue 7, Page(s) 1183–1206

    Abstract: The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates the motor, secretory and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteric neurons integrate mechanical and chemical inputs from the gut lumen to generate complex motor outputs. How intact enteric ... ...

    Abstract The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates the motor, secretory and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteric neurons integrate mechanical and chemical inputs from the gut lumen to generate complex motor outputs. How intact enteric neural circuits respond to changes in the gut lumen is not well understood. We recorded intracellular calcium in live-cell confocal recordings in neurons from intact segments of mouse intestine in order to investigate neuronal response to luminal mechanical and chemical stimuli. Wnt1-, ChAT- and Calb1-GCaMP6 mice were used to record neurons from the jejunum and colon. We measured neuronal calcium response to KCl (75 mM), veratridine (10 μM), 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP; 100 μM) or luminal nutrients (Ensure®), in the presence or absence of intraluminal distension. In the jejunum and colon, distension generated by the presence of luminal content (chyme and faecal pellets, respectively) renders the underlying enteric circuit unresponsive to depolarizing stimuli. In the distal colon, high levels of distension inhibit neuronal response to KCl, while intermediate levels of distension reorganize Ca
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Calcium ; Enteric Nervous System/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Colon/physiology ; Myenteric Plexus
    Chemical Substances Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3115-x
    ISSN 1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
    ISSN (online) 1469-7793
    ISSN 0022-3751
    DOI 10.1113/JP284171
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract and its bioactive constituents manniflavanone, GB-2 and buchananiflavanone attenuate intestinal inhibitory neuromuscular transmission.

    Patterson, Savannah / Waters, Michael Elder / Braman, Nancy / Willson, Roan / Hill, Rodney A / Magolan, Jakob / Hofmann, Thomas / Stark, Timo D / Balemba, Onesmo B

    Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi

    2023  Volume 59, Page(s) 34–57

    Abstract: Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract (GBB), commonly used for treating diarrhea in Africa, triggers ectopic aboral contractions, causing inhibition of propulsive motility in the colon ex vivo. To determine whether or not these effects were associated ... ...

    Abstract Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract (GBB), commonly used for treating diarrhea in Africa, triggers ectopic aboral contractions, causing inhibition of propulsive motility in the colon ex vivo. To determine whether or not these effects were associated with decreased inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, the responsible constituent compounds, and mechanisms of action, we studied the effects of GBB and specific fractions and flavanones isolated from GBB on intestinal motility using pellet propulsion assays in guinea pig distal colons. In addition, microelectrode recordings were used to measure the effects on the inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in the porcine ileum and descending colon smooth muscle. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program secondary receptor functional assays were used to determine whether or not GBB and its constituent compounds act via purinergic (P2Y) and muscarinic receptors. GBB inhibited propulsive motility, but (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (MNF), (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-GB-2 (GB-2) and (2R,3S,2″S)-buchananiflavanone (BNF), the main ingredients of GBB, did not affect motility. We discovered that, in the porcine descending colon, IJPs contained purinergic, nitrergic, and nonpurinergic nonnitrergic components. Furthermore, ileal IJPs were purely purinergic. GBB blocked all components of IJPs, while MNF and GB-2 inhibited purinergic IJPs only. BNF inhibited the purinergic and nonpurinergic components of IJPs. MRS2365, a Y1 (P2Y) agonist, did not evoke sustained membrane hyperpolarization in the presence of GBB. However, GBB, MNF, GB-2 and BNF did not affect P2Y or muscarinic receptors. In conclusion, inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the porcine descending colon involves all components of IJPs. GBB decreases inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, likely by the actions of MNF, GB-2 and BNF. These effects do not involve P2Y or muscarinic receptors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Garcinia ; Plant Bark ; Colon ; Flavones/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances manniflavanone ; Flavones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1884-8796
    ISSN (online) 1884-8796
    DOI 10.1540/jsmr.59.34
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: High-Resolution Taxonomic Characterization Reveals Novel Human Microbial Strains with Potential as Risk Factors and Probiotics for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

    Sarah A. Hendricks / Chantal A. Vella / Daniel D. New / Afiya Aunjum / Maximilian Antush / Rayme Geidl / Kimberly R. Andrews / Onesmo B. Balemba

    Microorganisms, Vol 11, Iss 758, p

    2023  Volume 758

    Abstract: Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in causing type 2 diabetes, yet is not fully understood, especially at the strain level. Here, we used long-read DNA sequencing technology of 16S-ITS-23S rRNA genes for ... ...

    Abstract Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in causing type 2 diabetes, yet is not fully understood, especially at the strain level. Here, we used long-read DNA sequencing technology of 16S-ITS-23S rRNA genes for high-resolution characterization of gut microbiota in the development of type 2 diabetes. Gut microbiota composition was characterized from fecal DNA from 47 participants divided into 4 cohorts based on glycemic control: normal glycemic control (healthy; n = 21), reversed prediabetes (prediabetes/healthy; n = 8), prediabetes ( n = 8), or type 2 diabetes ( n = 10). A total of 46 taxa were found to be possibly related to progression from healthy state to type 2 diabetes. Bacteroides coprophilus DSM 18228, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum DSM 20438, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 could confer resistance to glucose intolerance. On the other hand, Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061 may be pathogenic as it was found to be more abundant in type 2 diabetes participants than other cohorts. This research increases our understanding of the structural modulation of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and highlights gut microbiota strains, with the potential for targeted opportunistic pathogen control or consideration for probiotic prophylaxis and treatment.
    Keywords fecal microbiota ; gut microbiota ; hyperglycemia ; insulin resistance ; long-read sequencing ; prediabetes ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Attenuation of Influenza A Virus Disease Severity by Viral Coinfection in a Mouse Model.

    Gonzalez, Andres J / Ijezie, Emmanuel C / Balemba, Onesmo B / Miura, Tanya A

    Journal of virology

    2018  Volume 92, Issue 23

    Abstract: Influenza viruses and rhinoviruses are responsible for a large number of acute respiratory viral infections in human populations and are detected as copathogens within hosts. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that coinfection by rhinovirus and ...

    Abstract Influenza viruses and rhinoviruses are responsible for a large number of acute respiratory viral infections in human populations and are detected as copathogens within hosts. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that coinfection by rhinovirus and influenza virus may reduce disease severity and that they may also interfere with each other's spread within a host population. To determine how coinfection by these two unrelated respiratory viruses affects pathogenesis, we established a mouse model using a minor serogroup rhinovirus (rhinovirus strain 1B [RV1B]) and mouse-adapted influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 [PR8]). Infection of mice with RV1B 2 days before PR8 reduced the severity of infection by a low or medium, but not high, dose of PR8. Disease attenuation was associated with an early inflammatory response in the lungs and enhanced clearance of PR8. However, coinfection by RV1B did not reduce PR8 viral loads early in infection or inhibit replication of PR8 within respiratory epithelia or
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Coinfection/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Picornaviridae Infections/complications ; Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Picornaviridae Infections/virology ; Pneumonia/immunology ; Pneumonia/prevention & control ; Pneumonia/virology ; Rhinovirus/immunology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors ; Virus Internalization ; Virus Replication
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.00881-18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Human Cytomegalovirus Interactions with the Basement Membrane Protein Nidogen 1.

    Kuan, Man I / Jaeger, Hannah K / Balemba, Onesmo B / O'Dowd, John M / Duricka, Deborah / Hannemann, Holger / Marx, Emmerentia / Teissier, Natacha / Gabrielli, Liliana / Bonasoni, Maria Paola / Keithley, Elizabeth M / Fortunato, Elizabeth A

    Journal of virology

    2021  Volume 95, Issue 3

    Abstract: In 2000, we reported that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induced specific damage on chromosome 1. The capacity of the virus to induce DNA breaks indicated potent interaction between viral proteins and these loci. We have fine mapped the 1q42 breaksite. ... ...

    Abstract In 2000, we reported that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induced specific damage on chromosome 1. The capacity of the virus to induce DNA breaks indicated potent interaction between viral proteins and these loci. We have fine mapped the 1q42 breaksite. Transcriptional analysis of genes encoded in close proximity revealed virus-induced downregulation of a single gene,
    MeSH term(s) Basement Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cytomegalovirus/physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/metabolism ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/virology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Internalization
    Chemical Substances Membrane Glycoproteins ; nidogen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.01506-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Human Cytomegalovirus Compromises Development of Cerebral Organoids.

    Brown, Rebecca M / Rana, Pranav S J B / Jaeger, Hannah K / O'Dowd, John M / Balemba, Onesmo B / Fortunato, Elizabeth A

    Journal of virology

    2019  Volume 93, Issue 17

    Abstract: Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes a broad spectrum of central and peripheral nervous system disorders, ranging from microcephaly to hearing loss. These ramifications mandate the study of virus-host interactions in neural cells. ... ...

    Abstract Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes a broad spectrum of central and peripheral nervous system disorders, ranging from microcephaly to hearing loss. These ramifications mandate the study of virus-host interactions in neural cells. Neural progenitor cells are permissive for lytic infection. We infected two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and found these more primitive cells to be susceptible to infection but not permissive. Differentiation of infected iPSCs induced
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytomegalovirus/pathogenicity ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/metabolism ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/virology ; Models, Biological ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/virology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Organoids/cytology ; Organoids/metabolism ; Organoids/pathology ; Organoids/virology ; Tubulin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances IE1 protein, cytomegalovirus ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; Tubulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.00957-19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Associations between physical activity, resilience, and quality of life in people with inflammatory bowel disease.

    Taylor, Katrina / Scruggs, Philip W / Balemba, Onesmo B / Wiest, Michelle M / Vella, Chantal A

    European journal of applied physiology

    2018  Volume 118, Issue 4, Page(s) 829–836

    Abstract: Aim: Research has shown that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with higher health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy individuals. Recent studies have suggested that low- to moderate-intensity physical activity can be ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Research has shown that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with higher health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy individuals. Recent studies have suggested that low- to moderate-intensity physical activity can be beneficial to HRQOL in people with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, studies investigating associations between MVPA and HRQOL in this population are lacking.
    Purpose: To understand the relationships among walking, MVPA, resilience, and HRQOL in people with IBD.
    Methods: People with IBD (n = 242) completed questions about physical activity, resilience and HRQOL. Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to identify associations between physical activity and HRQOL. Analysis of covariance was used to compare HRQOL over quartiles of walking and MVPA with demographic variables as covariates.
    Results: Both walking and MVPA were independently associated with physical (β = 0.21 and β = 0.26, respectively; p ≤ 0.001) but not mental HRQOL (p > 0.05). Higher volumes of MVPA were significantly associated with physical HRQOL (quartile 1 40.3 ± 9.0 vs. quartile 4 47.4 ± 9.0; p < 0.001) while higher volumes of walking were associated with both physical and mental HRQOL (p ≤ 0.01).
    Conclusions: The findings suggest that engaging in higher volumes of MVPA above 150 min/week and walking, particularly above 60 min/week, are associated with improved HRQOL in people with IBD. Research would benefit from investigating participation in MVPA as a coping strategy, in a longitudinal manner, to determine which modes of activity may be most beneficial to people with IBD.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Quality of Life ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Walking/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124793-1
    ISSN 1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
    ISSN (online) 1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
    ISSN 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
    DOI 10.1007/s00421-018-3817-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Construction and Application of a Database for a Five-Dimensional Identification of Natural Compounds in Garcinia Species by Means of UPLC-ESI-TWIMS-TOF-MS: Introducing Gas Phase Polyphenol Conformer Drift Time Distribution Intensity Ratios.

    Stark, Timo D / Ranner, Josef / Stiglbauer, Benedikt / Weiss, Patrick / Stark, Sofie / Balemba, Onesmo B / Hofmann, Thomas

    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

    2019  Volume 67, Issue 3, Page(s) 975–985

    Abstract: Thirty-four reference compounds from G. buchananii were analyzed by means of UPLC-ESI-IMS-TOF-MS to build a database consisting of retention time, accurate m/ z of precursors and fragment ions, and rotationally averaged collision cross-sectional area ( ... ...

    Abstract Thirty-four reference compounds from G. buchananii were analyzed by means of UPLC-ESI-IMS-TOF-MS to build a database consisting of retention time, accurate m/ z of precursors and fragment ions, and rotationally averaged collision cross-sectional area (CCS). The CCS value of six selected compounds analyzed in bark extract in different concentrations and solvent systems showed excellent intra- and interday precision (RSD ≤ 0.9%). The established database was applied on different organs of G. buchananii as well as G. kola, G. mangostana, and G. cambogia enabling a fast and reliable identification of these natural bioactives. For several compounds, more than one drift time species could be highlighted, which we propose to be hydrogen bond stabilized rotational isomers transferred from solution to gas phase. We used all CCS values of one compound, and we propose to add also the intensity ratio of the conformers as a new and additional characteristic compound parameter in compound identification/screening/database applications to reduce dereplication and false positives and to strengthen the identification.
    MeSH term(s) Databases, Chemical ; Garcinia/chemistry ; Garcinia/classification ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Polyphenols/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts ; Polyphenols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 241619-0
    ISSN 1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
    ISSN (online) 1520-5118
    ISSN 0021-8561
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06157
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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