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  1. Article ; Online: Disruption of the circadian rhythms and its relationship with pediatric obesity.

    Kawai, Masanobu

    Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society

    2021  Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) e14992

    Abstract: The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient availability. The disruption of this system has been pathogenically linked to the ... ...

    Abstract The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient availability. The disruption of this system has been pathogenically linked to the disintegration of metabolic homeostasis, leading to the development of metabolic complications, including obesity. Lifestyle factors that disrupt this system have been found to be associated with the development of metabolic disorder, which is most evidenced by the finding that shift workers are at an increased risk of developing various disorders, such as obesity and obesity-related complications. Lifestyle factors that contribute to a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms have also been identified in children. A short sleep duration and skipping breakfast are prevalent in children and there is mounting evidence that these factors are associated with an increased risk of pediatric obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Our current understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors that cause a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms on the development of pediatric obesity is summarized herein, with a discussion of potential mechanistic factors.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Circadian Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-15
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1470376-2
    ISSN 1442-200X ; 1328-8067
    ISSN (online) 1442-200X
    ISSN 1328-8067
    DOI 10.1111/ped.14992
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: For Debate: When is Selenium Deficiency Suspected and When is Its Measurement Indicated?

    Kawai, Masanobu

    Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER

    2019  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 307–310

    Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element involved in numerous biological processes including the antioxidant defense system and thyroid hormone metabolism. Since the content of Se in the body is highly dependent on that in the environment, Se ... ...

    Abstract Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element involved in numerous biological processes including the antioxidant defense system and thyroid hormone metabolism. Since the content of Se in the body is highly dependent on that in the environment, Se deficiency rarely occurs in individuals living in areas rich in Se; with the exception of preterm infants and patients nourished exclusively with parenteral and enteral nutrition (PN and EN) without Se supplementation. Severe Se deficiency causes increases in T4 levels associated with decreases in T3 levels due to the blockage of the conversion of T4 to T3.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Iodide Peroxidase ; Selenium/deficiency ; Thyroid Hormones
    Chemical Substances Thyroid Hormones ; Iodide Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.8) ; Selenium (H6241UJ22B)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-07
    Publishing country Israel
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2434390-0
    ISSN 1565-4753
    ISSN 1565-4753
    DOI 10.17458/per.vol16.2019.k.fd.seleniumdeficiency
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate during puberty in GH-treated children born small for gestational age are associated with prematurity and low birth weight, not the dosage of GH treatment.

    Koizumi, Mikiko / Ida, Shinobu / Etani, Yuri / Kawai, Masanobu

    Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 98–104

    Abstract: GH treatment has been widely utilized for short-statured children born small for gestational age (SGA). Although SGA children are at a higher risk of renal dysfunction, the effect of GH treatment on renal function is still unclear. We have previously ... ...

    Abstract GH treatment has been widely utilized for short-statured children born small for gestational age (SGA). Although SGA children are at a higher risk of renal dysfunction, the effect of GH treatment on renal function is still unclear. We have previously shown that GH treatment is not associated with renal dysfunction during the prepubertal period; however, its effect during the pubertal period has not been investigated. Accordingly, we herein retrospectively investigated creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in 26 short-statured children born SGA during puberty, defined as the period between the onset of puberty and cessation of GH treatment, and their association with parameters at birth and GH treatment. We found that eGFR did not decrease during the pubertal period; however, gestational week and birth weight were negatively and significantly correlated with percentage decrease in eGFR during the pubertal period. The percentage decrease in eGFR did not correlate with changes in the insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score or average weekly GH dose. In conclusion, GH treatment was not associated with a reduction in eGFR in short-statured SGA children during puberty. Since low birth weight and prematurity were associated with reductions in eGFR during puberty, monitoring for renal function was mandatory regardless of GH treatment in short-statured children born SGA.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2079760-6
    ISSN 0918-5739
    ISSN 0918-5739
    DOI 10.1297/cpe.2022-0081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluations for Wilms tumor and late-onset nephrotic syndrome in 46,XY DSD.

    Koizumi, Mikiko / Ida, Shinobu / Etani, Yuri / Kawai, Masanobu

    Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society

    2022  Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) e15418

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology ; Wilms Tumor/complications ; Wilms Tumor/diagnosis ; WT1 Proteins ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/diagnosis ; Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/genetics ; Mutation
    Chemical Substances WT1 Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1470376-2
    ISSN 1442-200X ; 1328-8067
    ISSN (online) 1442-200X
    ISSN 1328-8067
    DOI 10.1111/ped.15418
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  5. Article ; Online: Factors associated with low bone mineral density in Turner syndrome: a multicenter prospective observational study.

    Ikegawa, Kento / Koga, Eri / Itonaga, Tomoyo / Sakakibara, Hideya / Kawai, Masanobu / Hasegawa, Yukihiro

    Endocrine journal

    2024  

    Abstract: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a high risk of fracture due to low bone mineral density (BMD). While hypogonadism is known to play a role in decreasing BMD, other factors have not been studied well. Focusing on diet, exercise, and bone metabolism ...

    Abstract Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a high risk of fracture due to low bone mineral density (BMD). While hypogonadism is known to play a role in decreasing BMD, other factors have not been studied well. Focusing on diet, exercise, and bone metabolism markers, the present, multicentric, prospective, observational study aimed to identify factors contributing to decreased BMD in TS. In total, 48 patients with TS aged between 5 and 49 years comprising a pre-pubertal group (n = 9), a cyclical menstruation group (n = 6), and a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) group (n = 33) were enrolled. The cyclical menstruation group and the HRT group were referred to collectively as the post-pubertal group. The bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) Z-score was higher in the pre-pubertal group than in the post-pubertal group (-0.3 SD vs. -1.8 SD; p = 0.014). Within the post-pubertal group, the median BMAD Z-score was -0.2 SD in the cyclical menstruation group and -2.3 SD in the HRT group (p = 0.016). Spearman's rank correlation revealed no correlation between the BMAD Z-score and bone metabolism markers. No significant relationship was observed between the BMAD Z-score and either the vitamin D sufficiency rate or the step sufficiency rate. A negative correlation was found between BMAD Z-score and serum sclerostin in the pre-pubertal group and serum FSH in the post-pubertal group. In conclusion, the present study found no relationship between the vertebral BMAD Z-score and diet or exercise habits in TS, indicating that estrogen deficiency is the chief reason for low BMD in TS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1151918-6
    ISSN 1348-4540 ; 0918-8959
    ISSN (online) 1348-4540
    ISSN 0918-8959
    DOI 10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Complex intrinsic abnormalities in osteoblast lineage cells of X-linked hypophosphatemia: Analysis of human iPS cell models generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene ablation.

    Nakanishi, Tatsuro / Yamazaki, Miwa / Tachikawa, Kanako / Ueta, Ayu / Kawai, Masanobu / Ozono, Keiichi / Michigami, Toshimi

    Bone

    2024  Volume 181, Page(s) 117044

    Abstract: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is caused by inactivating variants of the phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene. Although the overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is responsible for hypophosphatemia and impaired ...

    Abstract X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is caused by inactivating variants of the phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene. Although the overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is responsible for hypophosphatemia and impaired vitamin D metabolism, the pathogenesis of XLH remains unclear. We herein generated PHEX-knockout (KO) human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by applying CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene ablation to an iPS clone derived from a healthy male, and analyzed PHEX-KO iPS cells with deletions extending from exons 1 to 3 and frameshifts by inducing them to differentiate into the osteoblast lineage. We confirmed the increased production of FGF23 in osteoblast lineage cells differentiated from PHEX-KO iPS cells. In vitro mineralization was enhanced in osteoblast lineage cells from PHEX-KO iPS cells than in those from isogenic control iPS cells, which reminded us of high bone mineral density and enthesopathy in patients with XLH. The extracellular level of pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization, was elevated, and this increase appeared to be partly due to the reduced activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Osteoblast lineage cells derived from PHEX-KO iPS cells also showed the increased expression of multiple molecules such as dentine matrix protein 1, osteopontin, RUNX2, FGF receptor 1 and early growth response 1. This gene dysregulation was similar to that in the osteoblasts/osteocytes of Phex-deficient Hyp mice, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms are shared between human XLH and Hyp mice. Moreover, we found that the phosphorylation of CREB was markedly enhanced in osteoblast lineage cells derived from PHEX-KO iPS cells, which appeared to be associated with the up-regulation of the parathyroid hormone related protein gene. PHEX deficiency also affected the response of the ALPL gene encoding TNSALP to extracellular Pi. Collectively, these results indicate that complex intrinsic abnormalities in osteoblasts/osteocytes underlie the pathogenesis of human XLH.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets/genetics ; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase/genetics ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Hypophosphatemia/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.-) ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632515-4
    ISSN 1873-2763 ; 8756-3282
    ISSN (online) 1873-2763
    ISSN 8756-3282
    DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117044
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  7. Article ; Online: Very young children with Prader-Willi syndrome are refractory to growth hormone-associated decreases in free thyroxine levels.

    Konishi, Ayako / Koizumi, Mikiko / Etani, Yuri / Ida, Shinobu / Kawai, Masanobu

    Endocrine journal

    2023  Volume 70, Issue 5, Page(s) 501–509

    Abstract: The earlier initiation of growth hormone (GH) treatment for patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) who are younger than 2 years has become more prevalent. Because free thyroxine (FT4) levels are low during this period, GH may induce further reductions; ...

    Abstract The earlier initiation of growth hormone (GH) treatment for patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) who are younger than 2 years has become more prevalent. Because free thyroxine (FT4) levels are low during this period, GH may induce further reductions; however, limited information is currently available on this issue. Therefore, we herein performed age-dependent and time-course analyses of thyroid hormone levels in GH-treated PWS children. This retrospective analysis included genetically diagnosed PWS patients (N = 37, median age of 26 months). An age-dependent analysis was performed by subdividing subjects based on age [a younger group aged between 1 and 24 months (N = 16) and an older group between 25 and 84 months (N = 21)] and was followed by a multiple regression analysis with adjustments for sex and the cumulative GH dose per bodyweight. A time-course analysis of subjects who had not received levothyroxine during the first 18 months of GH treatment (N = 28) was conducted. A one-month treatment with GH decreased FT4 levels in the older group, but not in the younger group, and this was associated with increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. A positive correlation was noted between age and decreases in FT4 levels independent of the cumulative GH dose per bodyweight. The time-course analysis revealed no changes in FT4 levels in the younger group, while transient decreases were observed in the older group. In conclusion, GH treatment causes age-dependent changes in FT4 levels. This result will help clinicians establish a therapeutic strategy to decide the necessity of levothyroxine supplementation in GH-treated children with PWS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Prader-Willi Syndrome/blood ; Prader-Willi Syndrome/drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use ; Thyroxine/blood ; Thyroxine/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5) ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1151918-6
    ISSN 1348-4540 ; 0918-8959
    ISSN (online) 1348-4540
    ISSN 0918-8959
    DOI 10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0509
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  8. Article ; Online: The FGF23/Klotho axis in the regulation of mineral and metabolic homeostasis.

    Kawai, Masanobu

    Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation

    2016  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 55–67

    Abstract: The function of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 has been suggested to be multifaceted beyond its canonical function as a regulator of mineral metabolism. FGF23 was originally shown to play a central role in phosphate (Pi) and vitamin D metabolism, and ... ...

    Abstract The function of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 has been suggested to be multifaceted beyond its canonical function as a regulator of mineral metabolism. FGF23 was originally shown to play a central role in phosphate (Pi) and vitamin D metabolism, and a number of diseases associated with dysregulated Pi metabolism have been attributed to abnormal FGF23 signaling activities. The discovery of Klotho as a co-receptor for FGF23 signaling has also accelerated understanding on the molecular mechanisms underlying Pi and vitamin D metabolism. In addition to these canonical functions, FGF23 has recently been implicated in a number of metabolic diseases including chronic kidney disease-associated complications, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity-related disorders; however, the physiological significance and molecular mechanisms of these emerging roles of FGF23 remain largely unknown. Molecular and functional insights into the FGF23 pathway will be discussed in the present review, with an emphasis on its role in human disorders related to dysregulated Pi metabolism as well as metabolic disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucuronidase/metabolism ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/physiopathology ; Minerals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Minerals ; fibroblast growth factor 23 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3) ; Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) ; klotho protein (EC 3.2.1.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2536635-X
    ISSN 1868-1891 ; 1868-1883
    ISSN (online) 1868-1891
    ISSN 1868-1883
    DOI 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0068
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  9. Article: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a novel missense variant (p.S127Y) in the

    Maeyama, Takatoshi / Etani, Yuri / Nishigaki, Satsuki / Kawai, Masanobu

    Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 115–118

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-03
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2079760-6
    ISSN 0918-5739
    ISSN 0918-5739
    DOI 10.1297/cpe.30.115
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  10. Article ; Online: Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a positive predictor for bone mineral density in prepubertal children with Prader-Willi syndrome independent of lean mass.

    Kawai, Masanobu / Etani, Yuri / Ida, Shinobu

    Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 603–609

    Abstract: Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests a fat depot-specific relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in children, particularly in those who are overweight/obese. However, this has not yet been investigated in detail in children with Prader-Willi ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests a fat depot-specific relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in children, particularly in those who are overweight/obese. However, this has not yet been investigated in detail in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetic syndrome characterized by a decreased lean mass (LM) and increased fat mass (FM). The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships of LM and FM, particularly fat distribution, with bone mineral parameters.
    Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Forty-seven prepubertal Japanese children with PWS (22 males, mean age: 6.86 years) were included. No subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus or osteoporotic medications. LM, FM, and BMD and bone mineral content in the total body less head and the lumbar spine were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in addition to subcutaneous/visceral adipose tissue (SAT/VAT), and the ratio of VAT to SAT (V/S) by computed tomography at the umbilical level. Bone mineral apparent density was calculated to correct for bone size.
    Results: LM positively correlated with bone mineral parameters after controlling for age, sex, growth hormone (GH) treatment, and FM. Although FM did not correlate with bone mineral parameters, compartment-specific analysis revealed that SAT positively and V/S negatively correlated with bone mineral parameters after controlling for age, sex, GH treatment and LM.
    Conclusions: A compartment-specific effect of FM on bone mineral parameters was noted such that SAT was a positive predictor for BMD independent of LM in prepubertal children with PWS.
    MeSH term(s) Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prader-Willi Syndrome/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Fat
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1231070-0
    ISSN 2191-0251 ; 0334-018X
    ISSN (online) 2191-0251
    ISSN 0334-018X
    DOI 10.1515/jpem-2021-0749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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