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Article ; Online: Science Alone Won’t Do It! South Africa’s Endangered Humpback Dolphins Sousa plumbea Face Complex Conservation Challenges

Stephanie Plön / Shanan Atkins / Vic Cockcroft / Danielle Conry / Sasha Dines / Simon Elwen / Enrico Gennari / Keshni Gopal / Tess Gridley / Sandra Hörbst / Bridget S. James / Gwenith Penry / Meredith Thornton / O. Alejandra Vargas-Fonseca / Els Vermeulen

Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) is “endangered” with likely less than 500 animals remaining in South African waters. Established in 2016, the SouSA Consortium is a formalised network of scientists and conservationists to combine ... ...

Abstract	The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) is “endangered” with likely less than 500 animals remaining in South African waters. Established in 2016, the SouSA Consortium is a formalised network of scientists and conservationists to combine knowledge and research efforts, and make coordinated decisions with the aim of conserving the species. The first collaborative project collated available photo-identification data in an attempt to refine a national population estimate and investigate movements between research sites. This work was able to identify 250 uniquely marked individuals, with the population divided into the south-coast (Agulhas bioregion) and east-coast (Natal bioregion) populations. Environmental factors almost certainly play a role in the declining numbers of the species in South African waters. However, individual threats and solutions are challenging to identify as the South African marine environment is undergoing significant natural and anthropogenic changes with major shifts in the distribution and numbers of some prey, competitor and predator species. Therefore, we believe that a continued investigation of potential contributing factors and their interaction will take too long, inevitably resulting in another case of documenting extinction. With this in mind, we present the results of a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis in an effort to help us identify the next steps to take toward the conservation of humpback dolphins in South African waters. We unanimously conclude that no single cause for the rapid decline of humpback dolphins in South African waters can be identified, and that the cumulative effects of multiple stressors, which are difficult to pinpoint and mitigate, are impacting population numbers. While highlighting the need for continued research, we suggest a shift toward more action-focused conservation efforts, the first concrete steps being the development of a Conservation Management Plan with input from other stakeholders.
Keywords	cetacean ; coastal impacts ; cumulative impacts ; Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ; SWOT analysis ; consortium ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The expanding roles of PI4P and PI(4,5)P

Cockcroft, Shamshad

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids

2023 Volume 1869, Issue 2, Page(s) 159394

Abstract: Phosphoinositides are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol, a phospholipid that is synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane contains the enzymes to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and is therefore rich in the ... ...

Abstract	Phosphoinositides are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol, a phospholipid that is synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane contains the enzymes to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and is therefore rich in the phosphorylated derivatives, PI4P and PI(4,5)P
MeSH term(s)	Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Phospholipid Transfer Proteins ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159394
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Article ; Online: Single case-control design for the study of the neuropsychological deficits and dissociations in Huntington’s disease-like 2

Aline Ferreira-Correia / David G. Anderson / Kate Cockcroft / Amanda Krause

MethodsX, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100782- (2020)

2020

Abstract: ... such as Huntington’s Disease Like-2 (HDL2), especially when the cases are embedded in contexts of great diversity. This paper ...

Abstract	The Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology (Crawford & Howell, 1998) is a research design and robust inferential statistical method that facilitates the neuropsychological description of one case in terms of the differences between its profile and the performance of a carefully matched sample (Crawford & Garthwaite, 2012). The comparison is made by means of a t-test statistic that treats the normative sample as a sample and not as a population, with a particular effect-size associated with the size (n) of the sample. It is an ideal method for the neuropsychological investigation of rare diseases, such as Huntington’s Disease Like-2 (HDL2), especially when the cases are embedded in contexts of great diversity. This paper presents a step by step guide to the implementation of this method in a series of demographically and clinically diverse group of patients. • The application of a Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology enables the characterisation of rare diseases while controlling for demographic and context-related variables. • The implementation Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology provides test norms for homogenous groups that can be used by practitioners in their clinical work. • The method was customised for the South African population by controlling variables of specific relevance, such as linguistic diversity and quality of education.
Keywords	HDL2 ; Huntington’s disease ; Study case ; Neuropsychology ; Neuropsychological assessment ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Single case-control design for the study of the neuropsychological deficits and dissociations in Huntington’s disease-like 2

Ferreira-Correia, Aline / Anderson, David G / Cockcroft, Kate / Krause, Amanda

MethodsX. 2020, v. 7

2020

Abstract: ... such as Huntington’s Disease Like-2 (HDL2), especially when the cases are embedded in contexts of great diversity. This paper ...

Abstract	The Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology (Crawford & Howell, 1998) is a research design and robust inferential statistical method that facilitates the neuropsychological description of one case in terms of the differences between its profile and the performance of a carefully matched sample (Crawford & Garthwaite, 2012). The comparison is made by means of a t-test statistic that treats the normative sample as a sample and not as a population, with a particular effect-size associated with the size (n) of the sample. It is an ideal method for the neuropsychological investigation of rare diseases, such as Huntington’s Disease Like-2 (HDL2), especially when the cases are embedded in contexts of great diversity. This paper presents a step by step guide to the implementation of this method in a series of demographically and clinically diverse group of patients.•The application of a Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology enables the characterisation of rare diseases while controlling for demographic and context-related variables.•The implementation Single-Case Methodology in Neuropsychology provides test norms for homogenous groups that can be used by practitioners in their clinical work.•The method was customised for the South African population by controlling variables of specific relevance, such as linguistic diversity and quality of education.
Keywords	education ; patients ; t-test
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2215-0161
DOI	10.1016/j.mex.2020.100782
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Phylogenetic relationships in southern African Bryde’s whales inferred from mitochondrial DNA: further support for subspecies delineation between the two allopatric populations

Penry, Gwenith S / Philip S. Hammond / Victor G. Cockcroft / Peter B. Best / Meredith Thornton / Jeff A. Graves

Conservation genetics. 2018 Dec., v. 19, no. 6

2018

Abstract: Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera edeni) are medium-sized balaenopterids with tropical and subtropical ... distribution. There is confusion about the number of species, subspecies and populations of Bryde’s whale found ... of these populations to each other and other Bryde’s whale populations. Skin, baleen and bone samples were collected ...

Abstract	Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera edeni) are medium-sized balaenopterids with tropical and subtropical distribution. There is confusion about the number of species, subspecies and populations of Bryde’s whale found globally. Two eco-types occur off South Africa, the inshore and offshore forms, but with unknown relationship between them. Using the mtDNA control region we investigated the phylogenetic relationship of these populations to each other and other Bryde’s whale populations. Skin, baleen and bone samples were collected from biopsy-sampled individuals, strandings and museum collections. 97 sequences of 674 bp (bp) length were compared with published sequences of Bryde’s whales (n = 6) and two similar species, Omura’s (B. omurai) and sei (B. borealis) whales (n = 3). We found eight haplotypes from the study samples: H1–H4 formed a distinct, sister clade to pelagic populations of Bryde’s whales (B. brydei) from the South Pacific, North Pacific and Eastern Indian Ocean. H5–H8 were included in the pelagic clade. H1–H4 represented samples from within the distributional range of the inshore form. Pairwise comparisons of the percentage of nucleotide differences between sequences revealed that inshore haplotypes differed from published sequences of B. edeni by 4.7–5.5% and from B. brydei by 1.8–2.1%. Ten fixed differences between inshore and offshore sequences supported 100% diagnosability as subspecies. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the South African populations within the Bryde’s-sei whale clade and excluded B. edeni. Our data, combined with morphological and ecological evidence from previous studies, support subspecific classification of both South African forms under B. brydei and complete separation from B. edeni.
Keywords	Balaenoptera borealis ; Balaenoptera edeni ; Balaenoptera omurai ; allopatry ; haplotypes ; mitochondrial DNA ; phylogeny ; whales ; Indian Ocean ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 1349-1365.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2059560-8
ISSN	1572-9737 ; 1566-0621
ISSN (online)	1572-9737
ISSN	1566-0621
DOI	10.1007/s10592-018-1105-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Mammalian lipids: structure, synthesis and function.

Cockcroft, Shamshad

Essays in biochemistry

2021 Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 813–845

Abstract: Lipids are essential constituents of cellular membranes. Once regarded merely as structural components, lipids have taken centre stage with the discovery of their roles in cell signalling and in the generation of bioactive metabolites. Lipids regulate ... ...

Abstract	Lipids are essential constituents of cellular membranes. Once regarded merely as structural components, lipids have taken centre stage with the discovery of their roles in cell signalling and in the generation of bioactive metabolites. Lipids regulate many physiological functions of cells and alterations in membrane lipid metabolism are associated with major diseases including cancer, Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and immune disorders. Understanding lipid diversity, their synthesis and metabolism to generate signalling molecules will provide insight into the fundamental function of the cell. This review summarises the biosynthesis of the lipids of the mammalian cell; phospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol and how lipid diversity is achieved. The fatty acids (FAs) are the main building blocks of lipids and contribute to the diversity. Lipid synthesis is intimately connected to their transport within cells; the contribution by proteins that transport lipids, lipid transport proteins will be described. Cellular lipids are metabolised by phospholipases, lipid kinases and phosphatases to make new bioactive metabolites. These transient bioactive metabolites allow cells to respond to the external environment to maintain cellular health. The function of individual metabolites is also highlighted. Bioactive metabolites can be second messengers, or released to the external medium to regulate other cells. Alternatively, bioactive lipids also provide a platform for reversible recruitment of proteins to membranes using their lipid-binding domains. The wide range of physiological processes in which a specific involvement of lipids has been identified explains the need for lipid diversity present in mammalian cells.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Transport ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingolipids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Sphingolipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	1744-1358 ; 0071-1365
ISSN (online)	1744-1358
ISSN	0071-1365
DOI	10.1042/EBC20200067
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Article ; Online: Bottlenecks and Red Tape Reduce Access to Government Support Programs by Botswana’s Most Vulnerable Young Women

R. van der Wal / A. Cockcroft / B. Maswabi / N. Andersson

Annals of Global Health, Vol 83, Iss 1, Pp 5-

2017 Volume 6

Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Impact of Gender, Socioeconomic Status and Home Language on Primary School Children’s Reading Comprehension in KwaZulu-Natal

Gabriela Völkel / Joseph Seabi / Kate Cockcroft / Paul Goldschagg

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 13, Iss 3, p

2016 Volume 322

Abstract: ... The Road and Aircraft Noise Exposure on Children’s Cognition and Health (RANCH—South Africa ... children’s reading comprehension in KwaZulu-Natal. In total, 834 learners across 5 public schools ...

Abstract	The current study constituted part of a larger, longitudinal, South African-based study, namely, The Road and Aircraft Noise Exposure on Children’s Cognition and Health (RANCH—South Africa). In the context of a multicultural South Africa and varying demographic variables thereof, this study sought to investigate and describe the effects of gender, socioeconomic status and home language on primary school children’s reading comprehension in KwaZulu-Natal. In total, 834 learners across 5 public schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province participated in the study. A biographical questionnaire was used to obtain biographical data relevant to this study, and the Suffolk Reading Scale 2 (SRS2) was used to obtain reading comprehension scores. The findings revealed that there was no statistical difference between males and females on reading comprehension scores. In terms of socioeconomic status (SES), learners from a low socioeconomic background performed significantly better than those from a high socioeconomic background. English as a First Language (EL1) speakers had a higher mean reading comprehension score than speakers who spoke English as an Additional Language (EAL). Reading comprehension is indeed affected by a variety of variables, most notably that of language proficiency. The tool to measure reading comprehension needs to be standardized and administered in more than one language, which will ensure increased reliability and validity of reading comprehension scores.
Keywords	reading comprehension ; gender ; socioeconomic status ; language ; South Africa ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The impact of aircraft noise exposure on South African children′s reading comprehension

Joseph Seabi / Kate Cockcroft / Paul Goldschagg / Mike Greyling

Noise and Health, Vol 14, Iss 60, Pp 244-

The moderating effect of home language

2012 Volume 252

Abstract: Given the limited studies conducted within the African continent, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic aircraft noise exposure and the moderating effect of home language on the learners′ reading comprehension. The sample ... ...

Abstract	Given the limited studies conducted within the African continent, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic aircraft noise exposure and the moderating effect of home language on the learners′ reading comprehension. The sample comprised 437 (52%) senior primary learners exposed to high levels of aircraft noise (Experimental group) and 337 (48%) learners residing in a quieter area (Control group). Of these, 151 learners in the Experimental group spoke English as a first language (EFL) and 162 spoke English as a second language (ESL). In the Control group, the numbers were similarly divided (EFL n = 191; ESL n = 156). A univariate General Linear Model was used to investigate the effects of aircraft noise exposure and language on reading comprehension, while observing for the possible impact of intellectual ability, gender, and socioeconomic status on the results. A significant difference was observed between ESL and EFL learners in favor of the latter (F 1,419 = 21.95, P =.000). In addition a substantial and significant interaction effect was found between the experimental and control groups for the two language groups. For the EFL speakers there was a strong reduction in reading comprehension in the aircraft noise group. By contrast this difference was not significant for the ESL speakers. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are made in the article.
Keywords	Aircraft noise ; home language ; reading comprehension ; South Africa ; Otorhinolaryngology ; RF1-547 ; Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Special issue entitled lipid transporters edited by Shamshad Cockcroft and Padinjat Raghu.

Padinjat, Raghu / Cockcroft, Shamshad

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids

2022 Volume 1867, Issue 6, Page(s) 159152

MeSH term(s)	Biological Transport ; Lipids ; Membrane Transport Proteins
Chemical Substances	Lipids ; Membrane Transport Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159152
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