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  1. Article ; Online: Characteristics and patterns of individuals who have self-harmed: a retrospective descriptive study from Karachi, Pakistan.

    Tharani, Ambreen / Farooq, Salima / Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali / Talib, Uroosa / Khan, Murad Moosa

    BMC psychiatry

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 367

    Abstract: Background: Self-Harm (SH) is a major global public health problem under-researched in Pakistan due to religious and legal implications. This study aims to identify the characteristics and patterns among patients with SH and factors associated with the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Self-Harm (SH) is a major global public health problem under-researched in Pakistan due to religious and legal implications. This study aims to identify the characteristics and patterns among patients with SH and factors associated with the intent to die.
    Method: This retrospective descriptive study where SH cases presented to private tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2013 to December 2017 were extracted from HIMS records. Details related to demography, history, associated factors, access to methods used, and intent to die were collected on a structured proforma and analysed using STATA version 14.  RESULTS: A total of 350 cases were analysed. More than half of the reported cases were in the age group 20-39 years. Though only one-fourth of the SH cases had a past psychiatric history, it was found to be significantly (P-value < 0.05) associated with intent to die. Notably, 81% of the cases do not have a history of SH. Drug overdose (61.6%) and insecticides (36.6%) were the two most common methods used. Depression was identified in nearly half of the cases. The most common reason for attempting SH was inter-personal relationship issues (54.3%).
    Conclusion: This paper provides recent data on the characteristics and patterns associated with the intent to die of individuals who have self-harmed. In most cases of SH, past psychiatric history was not evident. Current psychiatric diagnosis and young adults were favoured in this study. The data from this study has limited representation for all demographic representation of SH cases from Pakistan as being from a single private hospital. There is a need for further research on SH in Pakistan.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Intention ; Mental Disorders ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-022-04018-7
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  2. Article: Perception of postgraduate medical residents regarding educational environment at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul Afghanistan.

    Parpio, Yasmin Nadeem / Farooq, Salima / Zahid, Nida / Abdul-Ghafar, Jamshid / Rehman, Rehana

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2022  Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 669–673

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the perceptions of postgraduate medical education residents regarding educational environment at a medical institution in Afghanistan.: Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 at the French ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the perceptions of postgraduate medical education residents regarding educational environment at a medical institution in Afghanistan.
    Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 at the French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan, FMIC, and comprised postgraduate medical residents. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure was administered to determine the perception of learning environment by the residents' perceptions related to learning, teachers, academic self-perception, atmosphere and social self-perceptions sub scales. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
    Results: Of the 63 subjects, 55(87.30%) were males and 42(66.66%) were married. The overall mean age was 30±4.38 years. There was no significant difference in mean subscales scores and overall scores in relation to participants' age, gender, type of specialty, province and year of training (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in students' perception of teachers in relation with the type of specialty (p<0.05).
    Conclusions: The educational environment at the medical institution in Afghanistan was perceived by the students of residency programme as conducive.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Afghanistan ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Male ; Mothers ; Perception ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-26
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.2138
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  3. Article ; Online: Implementation of Simulation: A Contemporary Strategy to Enhance Clinical Skills of Undergraduate Students in Mental Health Nursing.

    Farooq, Salima / Tharani, Ambreen / Begum, Shamshad / Parpio, Yasmin

    Issues in mental health nursing

    2020  Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) 736–740

    Abstract: Simulation is an innovative teaching strategy that supports student centered learning. It improves therapeutic communication skills with clients. Additionally, it enhances critical thinking, problem solving, and confidence among students, in a non- ... ...

    Abstract Simulation is an innovative teaching strategy that supports student centered learning. It improves therapeutic communication skills with clients. Additionally, it enhances critical thinking, problem solving, and confidence among students, in a non-threatening and safe environment, without posing a risk to actual patients. This paper describes the process of application of simulation for undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a mental health nursing course. The project aimed to determine the significance of simulation to improve the communication skills and confidence level, and to decrease the anxiety of undergraduate nursing students, prior to attending mental health clinical. The Experiential Learning (ELT), by Kolb in 1984, was chosen as a framework for the simulation strategy. The simulation experience was a stepwise process that comprised a briefing session with students to explain them the process and purpose of the simulation activity, followed by a two-day simulation experience. The experience comprised students' interaction with Simulated Patients (SP), who had been prepared to manifest symptoms of depression, mania, and schizophrenia. The later part of the experience was a debriefing session, in which students were provided an opportunity for self-reflection and for thinking a way forward, to enhance their clinical competency, using their video recording. The students' evaluation regarding the simulation experience was positive and they suggested that it be integrated in the mental health nursing course.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Humans ; Learning ; Pakistan ; Patient Simulation ; Problem-Based Learning ; Psychiatric Nursing/education ; Self Efficacy ; Thinking
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603180-8
    ISSN 1096-4673 ; 0161-2840
    ISSN (online) 1096-4673
    ISSN 0161-2840
    DOI 10.1080/01612840.2019.1710011
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  4. Article ; Online: Insight into COVID-19 Responses and Initiatives from Pakistan.

    Farooq, Salima / Haider, Sonia Ijaz / Sachwani, Saima / Parpio, Yasmin Nadeem

    Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

    2020  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 50–52

    Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic is a rapidly evolving outbreak that has tremendously distressed people worldwide. The paper aims to present some key rapid responses and initiatives to COVID-19 undertaken in Pakistan. The information has been gathered by ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus pandemic is a rapidly evolving outbreak that has tremendously distressed people worldwide. The paper aims to present some key rapid responses and initiatives to COVID-19 undertaken in Pakistan. The information has been gathered by reviewing material and documents pertinent to COVID-19 in the context of Pakistan. The incidences of COVID-19 cases are gradually increasing; however, the case fatality rate is relatively lower in Pakistan as compared to developed countries. The government has taken massive actions, in terms of lockdowns, quarantine homes, testing facilities, closure of schools, and mass gatherings at places, to combat COVID-19. However, the measures seem to be insufficient due to the fear and stigma attached to it and the low socio-economic conditions. The government has launched initiatives, like Ehsaas cash dissemination programme, for the underprivileged families to address their basic needs; and philanthropic organisations are also coming forward to support these families. The spread of the pandemic is gradually increasing in Pakistan and we recommend strategies like increasing public awareness campaigns, improving screening capacity, and contact tracing to augment the efficiency of the current responses and initiatives. Key Words: COVID-19, Pakistan, Responses, Initiatives.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Contact Tracing ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Travel
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-28
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2276646-7
    ISSN 1681-7168 ; 1022-386X
    ISSN (online) 1681-7168
    ISSN 1022-386X
    DOI 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.Supp1.S50
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  5. Article ; Online: Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan.

    Farooq, Salima / Khan, Tahir / Zaheer, Sidra / Shafique, Kashif

    BMJ open

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) e029315

    Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and the demographic characteristics of adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan.: Design: Observational ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and the demographic characteristics of adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan.
    Design: Observational cross-sectional study.
    Study setting and participants: The study was carried out among a general population aged 30 years and above residing in the Gulshan-e-Iqbal town of Karachi, Pakistan. The study participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling approach based on the inclusion criteria. The data collected from 2867 participants were analysed.
    Main outcome measures: The primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, measured with the Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale. The secondary outcome was the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with multimorbidity as well as with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, using binary logistic regression.
    Results: Out of 2867 individuals, 27.4% reported having anxiety and depressive symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the presence of multimorbidity (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.58), female gender (AOR=2.40, 95% CI 2.01 to 2.87), illiteracy (AOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.07), more children (AOR=0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93) and visiting a faith healer (AOR=2.29, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.88) were the significant factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
    Conclusion: This study revealed a moderately high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan. The key variables associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms were multimorbidity, female gender, lower level of education, more children and visiting faith healers.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Multimorbidity ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Social Support
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029315
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  6. Article ; Online: Effect of frequency of parent to child maltreatment on symptoms of anxiety disorder in Pakistani adolescents: A community based cohort study.

    Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali / Pasha, Aneela / Allana, Asad / Khaliq, Asif / Farooq, Salima / Ali, Naureen Akber / Nathwani, Apsara Ali / Azam, Syed Iqbal

    Child abuse & neglect

    2022  Volume 133, Page(s) 105872

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate the association between Parent to Child Maltreatment and the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms among Pakistani adolescents under 18 years.: Method: A prospective study was conducted to examine the effect of frequency ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between Parent to Child Maltreatment and the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms among Pakistani adolescents under 18 years.
    Method: A prospective study was conducted to examine the effect of frequency of Parent to child maltreatment (PTC) on the occurrence of anxiety disorders in a community setting. A sample of 800 adolescents who reported none to rare, occasional, and frequent were followed for the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms over two years. PTC was evaluated using ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool). Anxiety disorder symptoms were evaluated using the SCARED (Screen for children anxiety-related disorders) tool. Risk ratios were estimated using Cox Proportional Algorithm.
    Results: The risk of occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms in adolescents who have exposure to frequent PTC is 3.8 times (2.9, 4.9) as compared to those with none to rare exposure to PTC. Among adolescents suffering frequent PTC whose, mothers also reported a history of domestic violence, the risk of anxiety disorder symptoms is 3 times (2.2, 4.1) higher. Female gender (RR 1.5; 1.2-1.9), stressful home environment (RR 1.4; 1.1-1.8), and parental substance abuse (RR 1.6; 1.2-2.0) are significant predictors of anxiety disorder symptoms.
    Conclusion: Frequent PTC is significantly associated with the occurrence of anxiety disorder symptoms among Pakistani adolescents. Given these findings, there is a dire need to develop specific interventions to address anxiety disorder symptoms among adolescents and to develop programs to prevent parent to child maltreatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Child ; Child Abuse/prevention & control ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Parents ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 799143-5
    ISSN 1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
    ISSN (online) 1873-7757
    ISSN 0145-2134
    DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105872
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  7. Article ; Online: A dyadic approach to depression, resilience and quality of life on marital adjustment among infertile couples in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

    Bhamani, Shireen Shehzad / Zahid, Nida / Rizvi, Arjumand / Shaheen, Fariha / Shah, Nasim Zahid / Sachwani, Saima / Farooq, Salima / Azam, Syed Iqbal / Asad, Nargis

    International journal of nursing practice

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) e13090

    Abstract: Background: Infertility is a major reproductive health problem in Pakistan. It has the potential to cause serious negative impact on a couple's marital life and psychological health.: Aim: This study aimed to assess the factors associated with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Infertility is a major reproductive health problem in Pakistan. It has the potential to cause serious negative impact on a couple's marital life and psychological health.
    Aim: This study aimed to assess the factors associated with maladjustment among infertile couples.
    Method: An analytical cross-sectional design was employed. Validated scales were used to assess marital adjustment, depression, resilience and quality of life among infertile couples. Purposive sampling was employed to enrol 334 infertile couples from a private infertility medical centre, of Karachi, Pakistan.
    Results: Among couples, marital adjustment scores were comparable, but resilience and quality of life were significantly low among wives whereas depression was significantly high among wives compared with husbands. Wives' marital adjustment was positively correlated with husband's resilience and quality of life and negatively related with his depression. After employing adjusted actor-partner interdependence modelling, wives' own depression and resilience had significant effect on their marital adjustment and their partner's resilience, depression and quality of life did not have any impact on their outcome. On the contrary, wives' resilience had a significant effect in increasing the marital adjustment of their husband.
    Conclusion: This study highlights the need to promote psychological support (resilience building skills) or couples' therapy to all those couples undergoing infertility treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/psychology ; Pakistan ; Marriage/psychology ; Spouses/psychology ; Infertility/psychology ; Personal Satisfaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-18
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1381116-2
    ISSN 1440-172X ; 1322-7114
    ISSN (online) 1440-172X
    ISSN 1322-7114
    DOI 10.1111/ijn.13090
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  8. Book ; Online: Maternal Health Challenges during COVID-19 and Way Forward

    Dosani, Muskaan / Farooq, Salima Muhammad / Ali, Shahnaz Shahid

    Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

    2020  

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every country around the globe. Although every individual is at risk of getting the virus, maternal, fetal and newborn clients face specific and potentially unknown challenges which can make them highly ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every country around the globe. Although every individual is at risk of getting the virus, maternal, fetal and newborn clients face specific and potentially unknown challenges which can make them highly compromised. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the maternal health challenges faced by women during COVID-19 and to propose possible strategies using the socio-ecological model (SEM) to promote the physical, social, and mental well-being of women and their infants during the perinatal period. SEM can be used as a framework to plan and implement strategies focusing on health promotion and disease prevention. It guides stakeholders to design actions at each level, starting from individual to the policy level.
    Keywords Maternal health ; COVID-19 ; perinatal period ; mental health ; Nursing Midwifery ; covid19
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T07:00:00Z
    Publisher eCommons@AKU
    Publishing country pk
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Survellience system for child abuse: Bridging the gap between actual and hidden cases.

    Ali Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar / Parpio, Yasmin / Farooq, Salima

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2017  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 126–127

    Abstract: The dynamics of child abuse have been recognised as a global emerging social issue which is highly associated with child humiliation. The Government of Pakistan has taken many initiatives for addressing issues regarding child abuse and neglect and has ... ...

    Abstract The dynamics of child abuse have been recognised as a global emerging social issue which is highly associated with child humiliation. The Government of Pakistan has taken many initiatives for addressing issues regarding child abuse and neglect and has designed laws to protect children against exploitation, abuse and violence; however, most of them are not enforced at all or poorly implemented due to lack of proper definition of child abuse and related terms, and different ways of reporting child abuse cases. Most of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Pakistan target extreme cases of child sexual abuse such as child rape or commercial sexual exploitation of children, but cases of physical and psychological abuse are under-reported by the NGOs most of the time. A proper surveillance system is therefore required to identify the hidden cases of all types of child abuse that can lead to effective policy formulation and implementation.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/legislation & jurisprudence ; Child Abuse, Sexual/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Mandatory Reporting ; Pakistan
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-05
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
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  10. Article ; Online: Prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV in Central Asia and the Caucasus: A systematic review.

    Davlidova, Salima / Haley-Johnson, Zoë / Nyhan, Kate / Farooq, Ayesha / Vermund, Sten H / Ali, Syed

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2020  Volume 104, Page(s) 510–525

    Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are substantial public health threats in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, where the prevalence of these infections is currently rising.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are substantial public health threats in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, where the prevalence of these infections is currently rising.
    Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO was conducted with no publication date or language restrictions through October 2019. Additional data were also harvested from national surveillance reports, references found in discovered sources, and other "grey" literature. It included studies conducted on high-risk populations (people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), prisoners, and migrants) in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan; and the Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Northern Caucasus region of the Russian Federation.
    Results: Wide ranges were noted for HIV prevalence: PWID 0-30.1%, MSM 0-25.1%, prisoners 0-22.8%, FSW 0-10.0%, and migrants 0.06-1.5%, with the highest prevalence of these high-risk groups reported in Kazakhstan (for PWID), Georgia (for MSM and prisoners) and Uzbekistan (for migrants). HCV prevalence also had a wide range: PWID 0.3-92.1%, MSM 0-18.9%, prisoners 23.8-49.7%, FSW 3.3-17.8%, and migrants 0.5-26.5%, with the highest prevalence reported in Georgia (92.1%), Kyrgyzstan (49.7%), and migrants from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (26.5%). Similarly, HBV prevalence had a wide range: PWID 2.8-79.7%, MSM 0-22.2%, prisoners 2.7-6.2%, FSW 18.4% (one study), and migrants 0.3-15.7%.
    Conclusion: In Central Asia and the Caucasus, prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV remains exceedingly high among selected populations, notably PWID and MSM.
    MeSH term(s) Asia, Central/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prisoners ; Risk Factors ; Russia/epidemiology ; Sex Workers ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; Transcaucasia/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-29
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.068
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