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Article: Exploring how worthwhile the things that you do in life are during COVID-19 and links to well-being and working from home.

Hensher, David A / Beck, Matthew J

Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice

2023 Volume 168, Page(s) 103579

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the way we work and live, with working from home becoming more than the occasional desire but a regular feature of work and life. While an increasing number of research studies have promoted the ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the way we work and live, with working from home becoming more than the occasional desire but a regular feature of work and life. While an increasing number of research studies have promoted the virtues of what is often described as the positive unintended consequences of the pandemic, there are also downsides, especially during periods of imposed restrictions on the ability to get out and about, that have broadly been described as impacting mental health and life's worth. In this paper we use data collected in New South Wales during September 2020 and June 2021, seven and 16 months after the pandemic began, to obtain an understanding of the extent to which the pandemic has impacted on how worthwhile things done in life are for workers. We investigate whether there is a systematic behavioural link with working from home, reduced commuting linked to distance to work, and various socio-economic characteristics. The evidence suggests that the opportunity to have reduced commuting activity linked to working from home and increased perceived work-related productivity have contributed in a positive way to improving the worth status of life, offsetting some of the negative consequences of the pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2015887-7
ISSN	0965-8564 ; 0191-2607
ISSN	0965-8564 ; 0191-2607
DOI	10.1016/j.tra.2022.103579
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Chief Residency in U.S. and Canadian Graduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review.

McDaniel, Lauren M / Molloy, Matthew J / Blanck, Jaime / Beck, Jimmy B / Shilkofski, Nicole A

Teaching and learning in medicine

2024 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Phenomenon: Despite the nearly universal presence of chief residents within U.S. and Canadian residency programs and their critical importance in graduate medical education, to our knowledge, a comprehensive synthesis of publications about chief ... ...

Abstract	Phenomenon: Despite the nearly universal presence of chief residents within U.S. and Canadian residency programs and their critical importance in graduate medical education, to our knowledge, a comprehensive synthesis of publications about chief residency does not exist. An understanding of the current state of the literature can be helpful to program leadership to make evidence-based improvements to the chief residency and for medical education researchers to recognize and fill gaps in the literature. Approach: We performed a scoping review of the literature about chief residency. We searched OVID Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science databases through January 2023 for publications about chief residency. We included publications addressing chief residency in ACGME specialties in the U.S. and Canada and only those using the term "chief resident" to refer to additional responsibilities beyond the typical residency training. We excluded publications using chief residents as a convenience sample. We performed a topic analysis to identify common topics among studies. Findings: We identified 2,064 publications. We performed title and abstract screening on 1,306 and full text review on 208, resulting in 146 included studies. Roughly half of the publications represented the specialties of Internal Medicine (n = 37, 25.3%) and Psychiatry (n = 30, 20.5%). Topic analysis revealed six major topics: (1) selection of chief residents (2) qualities of chief residents (3) training of chief residents (4) roles of chief residents (5) benefits/challenges of chief residency (6) outcomes after chief residency. Insights: After reviewing our topic analysis, we identified three key areas warranting increased attention with opportunity for future study: (1) addressing equity and bias in chief resident selection (2) establishment of structured expectations, mentorship, and training of chief residents and (3) increased attention to chief resident experience and career development, including potential downsides of the role.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038640-3
ISSN	1532-8015 ; 1040-1334
ISSN (online)	1532-8015
ISSN	1040-1334
DOI	10.1080/10401334.2023.2298870
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Article: Australia 6 months after COVID-19 restrictions- part 1: Changes to travel activity and attitude to measures.

Beck, Matthew J / Hensher, David A

Transport policy

2021 Volume 128, Page(s) 286–298

Abstract: While many countries have experienced more than one wave of the pandemic throughout 2020, Australia has been able to contain the virus in a way that makes it a stand out (with New Zealand) in the way that it has been contained, with an exception in ... ...

Abstract	While many countries have experienced more than one wave of the pandemic throughout 2020, Australia has been able to contain the virus in a way that makes it a stand out (with New Zealand) in the way that it has been contained, with an exception in Victoria linked to failed quarantine procedures for travellers returning from overseas. Through descriptive analysis, this paper builds on earlier papers by the authors on the Australian response, with a focus on the changing dynamics of travel activity, concern with public transport, and attitudes surrounding activity given the perception of risk of COVID-19 and the level of public support for regulatory intervention and restrictions on movement. We find that Australia continues to suppress travel, particularly that for commuting, that comfort in completing day-to-day activities continues to rise (with the exception of Victoria where confidence feel significantly), and while support for intervention measures remains high, there has been an erosion in sentiment. As with previous work, we discuss what this might mean for future transport policy, and attempt to draw lessons from the Australian experience.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0967-070X
ISSN	0967-070X
DOI	10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.06.006
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Article: Australia 6 months after COVID-19 restrictions part 2: The impact of working from home.

Beck, Matthew J / Hensher, David A

Transport policy

2021 Volume 128, Page(s) 274–285

Abstract: This paper (Part 2 in the paper series), building on earlier studies examining the Australian response, extends on findings related to travel activity, commuting, and attitudes towards COVID-19 measures (Part 1 in the paper series). In this paper we ... ...

Abstract	This paper (Part 2 in the paper series), building on earlier studies examining the Australian response, extends on findings related to travel activity, commuting, and attitudes towards COVID-19 measures (Part 1 in the paper series). In this paper we focus in detail on the impact of, and experiences with, working from home (WFH), perhaps the largest of the positive unintended consequence of the pandemic, with respect to transport, and a key lens through which the changing patterns in travel activity and attitudes discussed in Part 1 need to be understood. We conclude that through the widespread adoption of WFH as a result of nationwide public health orders, there is evidence emerging that WFH is now seen as an appealing instrument of change by employees and employers, there is growing support to continue to support WFH into the future. This represents a significant potential contribution to the future management of the transport network, especially in larger metropolitan areas. We also discuss policy implications of this result and what the international community may take from the Australian experience.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0967-070X
ISSN	0967-070X
DOI	10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.06.005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The impact of COVID-19 and working from home on the workspace retained at the main location office space and the future use of satellite offices.

Hensher, David A / Wei, Edward / Beck, Matthew J

Transport policy

2022 Volume 130, Page(s) 184–195

Abstract: There exists a substantial amount of research on the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on significant changes in the location at which work takes place, especially working from home (WFH). There has been, however, very little systematic ... ...

Abstract	There exists a substantial amount of research on the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on significant changes in the location at which work takes place, especially working from home (WFH). There has been, however, very little systematic consideration given to the relationship between the substantial increase in WFH and the responses taken by organisations in reviewing their office (workspace) capacity needs in the future, including a switch of the mix of utilising workspace in the main office(s) and satellite office locations. The main aim of this paper is to explore the extent to which levels of working from home and increased use of rented satellite office space will be linked to changes in the amount of workspace required at the main office that was used pre-COVID-19. Using data from 459 businesses for three periods for pre-COVID-19, April 2022 (25 months after the outbreak of the pandemic) and stated intentions for 2023, we develop a random effects regression model for the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area in which we identify some of the influences on the downsizing or not of the main office(s) work space, and comment on what we see as the most likely scenario for WFH and work space in the main office and rented satellite office space under the 'next normal'. The findings can be used to inform future commuting travel as well as changes in land use activity at specific locations, including possible reallocation of existing office space to other activity uses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0967-070X
ISSN	0967-070X
DOI	10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.11.012
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Advanced modelling of commuter choice model and work from home during COVID-19 restrictions in Australia.

Balbontin, Camila / Hensher, David A / Beck, Matthew J

Transportation research. Part E, Logistics and transportation review

2022 Volume 162, Page(s) 102718

Abstract: The decision to work from home (WFH) or to commute during COVID-19 is having a major structural impact on individuals' travel, work and lifestyle. There are many possible factors influencing this non-marginal change, some of which are captured by ... ...

Abstract	The decision to work from home (WFH) or to commute during COVID-19 is having a major structural impact on individuals' travel, work and lifestyle. There are many possible factors influencing this non-marginal change, some of which are captured by objective variables while others are best represented by a number of underlying latent traits captured by attitudes towards WFH and the use of specific modes of transport for the commute that have a bio-security risk such as public transport (PT). We develop and implement a hybrid choice model to investigate the sources of influence, accounting for the endogenous nature of latent soft variables for workers in metropolitan areas in New South Wales and Queensland. The data was collected between September-October 2020, during a period of no lockdown and relatively minor restrictions on workplaces and public gatherings. The results show that one of the most important attributes defining the WFH loving attitude is the workplace policy towards WFH, with workers that can decide where to work having a higher probability of WFH, followed by those that are being directed to, relative to other workplace policies. The bio-security concern with using shared modes such as public transport is a key driver of WFH and choosing to commute via the safer environment of the private car.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1878-5794
ISSN (online)	1878-5794
DOI	10.1016/j.tre.2022.102718
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Article: Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia - The early days of easing restrictions.

Beck, Matthew J / Hensher, David A

Transport policy

2020 Volume 99, Page(s) 95–119

Abstract: The COVID-19 disease continues to cause unparalleled disruption to life and the economy world over. This paper is the second in what will be an ongoing series of analyses of a longitudinal travel and activity survey. In this paper we examine data ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 disease continues to cause unparalleled disruption to life and the economy world over. This paper is the second in what will be an ongoing series of analyses of a longitudinal travel and activity survey. In this paper we examine data collected over a period of late May to early June in Australia, following four-to-six weeks of relatively flat new cases in COVID-19 after the initial nationwide outbreak, as many state jurisdictions have begun to slowly ease restrictions designed to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We find that during this period, travel activity has started to slowly return, in particular by private car, and in particular for the purposes of shopping and social or recreational activities. Respondents indicate comfort with the idea of meeting friends or returning to shops, so authorities need to be aware of potential erosion of social distancing and appropriate COVID-safe behaviour in this regard. There is still a concern about using public transport, though it has diminished noticeably since the first wave of data collection. We see that working from home continues to be an important strategy in reducing travel and pressure on constrained transport networks, and a policy measure that if carried over to a post-pandemic world, will be an important step towards a more sustainable transport future. We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Thus, any investment to capitalise on current levels of work from home should be viewed as an investment in transport.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0967-070X
ISSN	0967-070X
DOI	10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia - The early days under restrictions.

Beck, Matthew J / Hensher, David A

Transport policy

2020 Volume 96, Page(s) 76–93

Abstract: When 2020 began, we had no idea what was to unfold globally as we learnt about the Novel-Coronavirus in Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China. As this virus spread rapidly, it became a matter of time before many countries began to implement measures to ... ...

Abstract	When 2020 began, we had no idea what was to unfold globally as we learnt about the Novel-Coronavirus in Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China. As this virus spread rapidly, it became a matter of time before many countries began to implement measures to try and contain the spread of the disease. COVID-19 as it is referred to, resulted in two main approaches to fighting the viral pandemic, either through a progressive set of measures to slow down the number of identified cases designed to 'flatten the curve' over time (anticipated to be at least six months), or to attack it by the severest of measures including a total lock-down and/or herding exposure to fast track 'immunisation' while we await a vaccine. The paper reports the findings from the first phase of an ongoing survey designed to identify the changing patterns in travel activity of Australian residents as a result of the stage 2 restrictions imposed by the Australian government. The main restrictions, in addition to social distancing of at least 1.5 m, are closure of entry to Australia (except residents returning), and closure of non-essential venues such as night clubs, restaurants, mass attendee sporting events, churches, weddings, and all social gatherings in any circumstance. With some employers encouraging working from home and others requiring it, in addition to job losses, and many children attending school online from home, the implications on travel activity is extreme. We identify the initial impacts associated with the first month of stricter social distancing measures introduced in Australia.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0967-070X
ISSN	0967-070X
DOI	10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Conditional in vivo deletion of LYN kinase has little effect on a BRCA1 loss-of-function-associated mammary tumour model.

Tornillo, Giusy / Warrington, Lauren / Kendrick, Howard / Higgins, Adam T / Hay, Trevor / Beck, Sam / Smalley, Matthew J

Disease models & mechanisms

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1

Abstract: LYN kinase is expressed in BRCA1 loss-of-function-dependent mouse mammary tumours, in the cells of origin of such tumours, and in human breast cancer. Suppressing LYN kinase activity in BRCA1-defective cell lines as well as in in vitro cultures of Brca1- ... ...

Abstract	LYN kinase is expressed in BRCA1 loss-of-function-dependent mouse mammary tumours, in the cells of origin of such tumours, and in human breast cancer. Suppressing LYN kinase activity in BRCA1-defective cell lines as well as in in vitro cultures of Brca1-null mouse mammary tumours is deleterious to their growth. Here, we examined the interaction between LYN kinase and BRCA1 loss-of-function in an in vivo mouse mammary tumour model, using conditional knockout Brca1 and Lyn alleles. Comparison of Brca1 tumour cohorts showed little difference in mammary tumour formation between animals that were wild type, heterozygous or homozygous for the conditional Lyn allele, although this was confounded by factors including incomplete Lyn recombination in some tumours. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that tumours with high levels of Lyn gene expression had a slower doubling time, but this was not correlated with levels of LYN staining in tumour cells themselves. Rather, high Lyn expression and slower tumour growth were likely a result of B-cell infiltration. The multifaceted role of LYN indicates that it is likely to present difficulties as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Breast/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Line ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology ; Mice, Knockout
Chemical Substances	BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA1 protein, human ; lyn protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Brca1 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2451104-3
ISSN	1754-8411 ; 1754-8403
ISSN (online)	1754-8411
ISSN	1754-8403
DOI	10.1242/dmm.050211
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Article ; Online: A novel risk-adjusted metric to compare hospitals on their antibiotic-prescribing at hospital discharge.

Livorsi, Daniel J / Merchant, James A / Cho, Hyunkeun / Goetz, Matthew Bidwell / Alexander, Bruce / Beck, Brice / Goto, Michihiko

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2024

Abstract: Background: Antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge is common, but there is no metric to evaluate hospital performance at this transition of care. We built a risk-adjusted metric for comparing hospitals on their overall post-discharge antibiotic use.!## ...

Abstract	Background: Antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge is common, but there is no metric to evaluate hospital performance at this transition of care. We built a risk-adjusted metric for comparing hospitals on their overall post-discharge antibiotic use. Methods: This was a retrospective study across all acute-care admissions within the Veterans Health Administration during 2018-2021. For patients discharged to home, we collected data on antibiotics and relevant covariates. We built a zero-inflated negative binomial mixed-model with two random intercepts for each hospital to predict post-discharge antibiotic exposure and length of therapy (LOT). Data were split into training and testing sets to evaluate model performance using absolute error. Hospital performance was determined by the predicted random intercepts. Results: 1,804,300 patient-admissions across 129 hospitals were included. Antibiotics were prescribed to 41.5% while hospitalized and 19.5% at discharge. Median LOT among those prescribed post-discharge antibiotics was 7 (IQR 4-10). The predictive model detected post-discharge antibiotic use with fidelity, including accurate identification of any exposure (area under the precision-recall curve=0.97) and reliable prediction of post-discharge LOT (mean absolute error = 1.48). Based on this model, 39 (30.2%) hospitals prescribed antibiotics less often than expected at discharge and used shorter LOT than expected. Twenty-eight (21.7%) hospitals prescribed antibiotics more often at discharge and used longer LOT. Conclusion: A model using electronically-available data was able to predict antibiotic use prescribed at hospital discharge and showed that some hospitals were more successful in reducing antibiotic overuse at this transition of care. This metric may help hospitals identify opportunities for improved antibiotic stewardship at discharge.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciae224
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