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  1. Article ; Online: Identification of Novel Tau-Tubulin Kinase 2 Inhibitors Using Computational Approaches.

    Ahamad, Shahzaib / Hema, Kanipakam / Gupta, Dinesh

    ACS omega

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 14, Page(s) 13026–13037

    Abstract: Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) associated with multiple diseases is one of the kinases which phosphorylates tau and tubulin. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the role of TTBK2 in protein folding mechanisms and misfolding behavior. The ... ...

    Abstract Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) associated with multiple diseases is one of the kinases which phosphorylates tau and tubulin. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the role of TTBK2 in protein folding mechanisms and misfolding behavior. The misfolded protein intermediates form polymers with unwanted aggregation properties that initiate several diseases, including Alzheimer's. The availability of TTBK2 inhibitors can enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of the kinase and assist in developing novel therapeutics. In the quest for TTBK2 inhibitors, this study focuses on screening two chemical libraries (ChEMBL and ZINC-FDA). The molecular docking, RO5/absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/toxicity, density functional theory, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area solvation techniques enabled shortlisting of the four most active compounds, namely, ChEMBL1236395, ChEMBL2104398, ChEMBL3427435, and ZINC000000509440. Moreover, 500 ns MD simulation was performed for each complex, which provided valuable insights into the structural changes in the complexes. The relative fluctuation, solvent accessible surface area, atomic gyration, compactness covariance, and free energy landscapes revealed that the compounds could stabilize the TTBK2 protein. Overall, this study would be valuable for the researchers targeting the development of novel TTBK2 inhibitors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.3c00225
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: In silico

    Swain, Supriya P / Ahamad, Shahzaib / Samarth, Nikhil / Singh, Shailza / Gupta, Dinesh / Kumar, Shailesh

    Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

    2023  , Page(s) 1–15

    Abstract: Antibiotic resistance ... ...

    Abstract Antibiotic resistance against
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 49157-3
    ISSN 1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
    ISSN (online) 1538-0254
    ISSN 0739-1102
    DOI 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259487
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Lead optimization, pharmacophore development and scaffold design of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors as potential COVID-19 therapeutics.

    Yadav, Siddharth / Ahamad, Shahzaib / Gupta, Dinesh / Mathur, Puniti

    Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 1811–1827

    Abstract: Therapeutic agents being designed against COVID-19 have targeted either the virus directly or the host cellular machinery. A particularly attractive host target is the ubiquitous and constitutively active serine-threonine kinase, Protein kinase CK2 (CK2). ...

    Abstract Therapeutic agents being designed against COVID-19 have targeted either the virus directly or the host cellular machinery. A particularly attractive host target is the ubiquitous and constitutively active serine-threonine kinase, Protein kinase CK2 (CK2). CK2 enhances viral protein synthesis by inhibiting the sequestration of host translational machinery as stress granules and assists in viral egression via association with the N-protein at filopodial protrusions of the infected cell. CK2 inhibitors such as Silmitasertib have been proposed as possible therapeutic candidates in COVID-19 infections. The present study aims to optimize Silmitasertib, develop pharmacophore models and design unique scaffolds to modulate CK2. The lead optimization phase involved the generation of compounds structurally similar to Silmitasertib via bioisostere replacement followed by a multi-stage docking approach to identify drug-like candidates. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for two promising candidates (ZINC-43206125 and PC-57664175) to estimate their binding stability and interaction. Top scoring candidates from the lead optimization phase were utilized to build ligand-based pharmacophore models. These models were then merged with structure-based pharmacophores (e-pharmacophores) to build a hybrid hypothesis. This hybrid hypothesis was validated against a decoy set and used to screen a diverse kinase inhibitors library to identify favored chemical features in the retrieved actives. These chemical features include; an anion, an aromatic ring and an H-bond acceptor. Based on the knowledge of these features;
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Pharmacophore ; Casein Kinase II ; COVID-19 ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Docking Simulation
    Chemical Substances Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Casein Kinase II (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 49157-3
    ISSN 1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
    ISSN (online) 1538-0254
    ISSN 0739-1102
    DOI 10.1080/07391102.2021.2024449
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Anti-Fungal Drug Anidulafungin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Induced Syncytia Formation by Targeting ACE2-Spike Protein Interaction.

    Ahamad, Shahzaib / Ali, Hashim / Secco, Ilaria / Giacca, Mauro / Gupta, Dinesh

    Frontiers in genetics

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 866474

    Abstract: Drug repositioning continues to be the most effective, practicable possibility to treat COVID-19 patients. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus enters target cells by binding to the ACE2 ... ...

    Abstract Drug repositioning continues to be the most effective, practicable possibility to treat COVID-19 patients. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus enters target cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606823-0
    ISSN 1664-8021
    ISSN 1664-8021
    DOI 10.3389/fgene.2022.866474
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Insights into the structure and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein double mutant L452R-E484Q.

    Ahamad, Shahzaib / Hema, Kanipakam / Ahmad, Shahnawaz / Kumar, Vijay / Gupta, Dinesh

    3 Biotech

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 87

    Abstract: The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, located on the S1 subunit, plays a vital role in the virus binding and its entry into the host cell through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Therefore, understanding the dynamic effects of ... ...

    Abstract The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, located on the S1 subunit, plays a vital role in the virus binding and its entry into the host cell through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Therefore, understanding the dynamic effects of mutants on the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is essential for discovering drugs to inhibit the virus binding and disrupt its entry into the host cells. A recent study reported a double mutant of SARS-CoV-2, L452R-E484Q, located in the RBD region. Thus, this study employed various computational algorithms and methods to understand the structural impact of both individual variants L452R, E484Q, and the double mutant L452R-E484Q on the native RBD of spike glycoprotein. The effects of the mutations on native RBD structure were predicted by
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03151-0.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2600522-0
    ISSN 2190-5738 ; 2190-572X
    ISSN (online) 2190-5738
    ISSN 2190-572X
    DOI 10.1007/s13205-022-03151-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Targeting cathepsins: A potential link between COVID-19 and associated neurological manifestations.

    Prasad, Kartikay / Ahamad, Shahzaib / Gupta, Dinesh / Kumar, Vijay

    Heliyon

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 10, Page(s) e08089

    Abstract: Many studies have shown that the lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsins B/L (CTSB/L) are required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Lysosomal proteases, cathepsins are indispensable for normal health and are involved in several brain disorders ... ...

    Abstract Many studies have shown that the lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsins B/L (CTSB/L) are required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Lysosomal proteases, cathepsins are indispensable for normal health and are involved in several brain disorders occurring at different development age periods. On the other hand, it has been well known that COVID-19 infection is largely associated with several neurological disorders. Taken together these findings and given the high levels of expression of CTSB/L in the brain, we here proposed a reasonable hypothesis about the involvement of CTSB/L in the neurological manifestations linked to COVID-19. Pharmacological inhibitions of the CTSB/L could be a potential therapeutic target to block the virus entry as well as to mitigate the brain disorders. To this end, we utilized the network-based drug repurposing analyses to identify the possible drugs that can target CTSB/L. This study identifies the molecules like cyclosporine, phenytoin, and paclitaxel as potential drugs with binding ability to the CTSB/L. Further, we have performed molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the stability of CTSL-drug complexes. The results showed strong and stable binding of drugs with CTSL.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08089
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: A molecular journey to check the conformational dynamics of tau tubulin kinase 2 mutations associated with Alzheimer's disease.

    Ahamad, Shahzaib / Kanipakam, Hema / Kumar, Vijay / Gupta, Dinesh

    RSC advances

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 1320–1331

    Abstract: Proteins are one of the most vital components of biological functions. Proteins have evolutionarily conserved structures as the shape and folding pattern predominantly determine their function. Considerable research efforts have been made to study the ... ...

    Abstract Proteins are one of the most vital components of biological functions. Proteins have evolutionarily conserved structures as the shape and folding pattern predominantly determine their function. Considerable research efforts have been made to study the protein folding mechanism. The misfolding of protein intermediates of large groups form polymers with unwanted aggregates that may initiate various diseases. Amongst the diseases caused by misfolding of proteins, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neuro-disorders which has a worldwide impact on human health. The disease is associated with several vital proteins and single amino acid mutations. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is one of the kinases which is known to phosphorylate tau and tubulin. The literature strongly supports that the mutations-K50E, D163A, R181E, A184E and K143E are associated with multiple important cellular processes of TTBK2. In this study, to understand the molecular basis of the functional effects of the mutations, we have performed structural modeling for TTBK2 and its mutations, using computational prediction algorithms and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations highlighted the impact of the mutations on the Wild Type (WT) by the conformational dynamics, Free Energy Landscape (FEL) and internal molecular motions, indicating the structural de-stabilization which may lead to the disruption of its biological functions. The destabilizing effect of TTBK2 upon mutations provided valuable information about individuals carrying this mutant which could be used as a diagnostic marker in AD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2046-2069
    ISSN (online) 2046-2069
    DOI 10.1039/d0ra07659g
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Structural stability predictions and molecular dynamics simulations of RBD and HR1 mutations associated with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

    Ahamad, Shahzaib / Hema, Kanipakam / Gupta, Dinesh

    Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

    2021  Volume 40, Issue 15, Page(s) 6697–6709

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by human transmission and infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no trusted drug against the virus; hence, efforts are on discovering novel inhibitors for the virus. The entry ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by human transmission and infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no trusted drug against the virus; hence, efforts are on discovering novel inhibitors for the virus. The entry of a SARS-CoV-2 virus particle into a host cell is initiated by its spike glycoprotein and host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor interaction. Spike glycoprotein domains, namely, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and Heptad Repeat (HR) domains, are essential for this activity. We have studied the impact of mutations such as A348T, N354D, D364Y, G476S, V483A, S494D in the RBD (319-591), and S939F, S940T, T941A, S943P (912-984) in the HR1 domains of spike glycoprotein. Summarily, we utilized the computational screening algorithms to rank the deleterious, damaging and disease-associated spike glycoprotein mutations. Subsequently, to understand the changes in conformation, flexibility and function of the spike glycoprotein mutants, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. The computational predictions and analysis of the MD trajectories suggest that the RBD and HR1 mutations induce significant phenotypic effects on the pre-binding spike glycoprotein structure, which are presumably consequential to its binding to the receptor and provides lead to design inhibitors against the binding.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Pandemics ; Protein Binding ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 49157-3
    ISSN 1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
    ISSN (online) 1538-0254
    ISSN 0739-1102
    DOI 10.1080/07391102.2021.1889671
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The structural, functional, and dynamic effect of Tau tubulin kinase1 upon a mutation: A neuro-degenerative hotspot.

    Ahamad, Shahzaib / Hema, Kanipakam / Kumar, Vijay / Gupta, Dinesh

    Journal of cellular biochemistry

    2021  Volume 122, Issue 11, Page(s) 1653–1664

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate and die. AD is one of the common causes of dementia that leads to a decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate and die. AD is one of the common causes of dementia that leads to a decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently. Tau-tubulin kinase1 (TTBK1) is a crucial disease regulating AD protein, which is majorly responsible for the phosphorylation and accumulation of tau protein at specific Serine/Threonine residues found in paired helical filaments, suggesting its role in tauopathy. TTBK1 involvement in many diseases and the restricted expression of TTBK1 to the central nervous system (CNS) makes TTBK1 an attractive therapeutic target for tauopathies. The genetic variations in TTBK1 are primarily involved in the TTBK1 pathogenesis. This study highlighted the destabilizing, damaging and deleterious effect of the mutation R142Q on TTBK1 structure through computational predictions and molecular dynamics simulations. The protein deviation, fluctuations, conformational dynamics, solvent accessibility, hydrogen bonding, and the residue-residue mapping confirmed the mutant effect to cause structural aberrations, suggesting overall destabilization due to the protein mutation. The presence of well-defined free energy minima was observed in TTBK1-wild type, as opposed to that in the R142Q mutant, reflecting structural deterioration. The overall findings from the study reveal that the presence of R142Q mutation on TTBK1 is responsible for the structural instability, leading to disruption of its biological functions. The mutation could be used as future diagnostic markers in treating AD.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Chemical Substances tau-tubulin kinase (EC 2.7.1.11) ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 392402-6
    ISSN 1097-4644 ; 0730-2312
    ISSN (online) 1097-4644
    ISSN 0730-2312
    DOI 10.1002/jcb.30112
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Targeting cathepsins

    Kartikay Prasad / Shahzaib Ahamad / Dinesh Gupta / Vijay Kumar

    Heliyon, Vol 7, Iss 10, Pp e08089- (2021)

    A potential link between COVID-19 and associated neurological manifestations

    2021  

    Abstract: Many studies have shown that the lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsins B/L (CTSB/L) are required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Lysosomal proteases, cathepsins are indispensable for normal health and are involved in several brain disorders ... ...

    Abstract Many studies have shown that the lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsins B/L (CTSB/L) are required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Lysosomal proteases, cathepsins are indispensable for normal health and are involved in several brain disorders occurring at different development age periods. On the other hand, it has been well known that COVID-19 infection is largely associated with several neurological disorders. Taken together these findings and given the high levels of expression of CTSB/L in the brain, we here proposed a reasonable hypothesis about the involvement of CTSB/L in the neurological manifestations linked to COVID-19. Pharmacological inhibitions of the CTSB/L could be a potential therapeutic target to block the virus entry as well as to mitigate the brain disorders. To this end, we utilized the network-based drug repurposing analyses to identify the possible drugs that can target CTSB/L. This study identifies the molecules like cyclosporine, phenytoin, and paclitaxel as potential drugs with binding ability to the CTSB/L. Further, we have performed molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the stability of CTSL-drug complexes. The results showed strong and stable binding of drugs with CTSL.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cathepsins ; Neurological manifestations ; Drug repurposing ; Cyclosporine ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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