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  1. Article ; Online: Chemical uptake into silicone wristbands over a five day period.

    Samon, Samantha M / Hoffman, Kate / Herkert, Nicholas / Stapleton, Heather M

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2024  Volume 349, Page(s) 123877

    Abstract: Silicone wristbands are a noninvasive personal exposure assessment tool. However, despite their utility, questions remain about the rate at which chemicals accumulate on wristbands when worn, as validation studies utilizing wristbands worn by human ... ...

    Abstract Silicone wristbands are a noninvasive personal exposure assessment tool. However, despite their utility, questions remain about the rate at which chemicals accumulate on wristbands when worn, as validation studies utilizing wristbands worn by human participants are limited. This study evaluated the chemical uptake rates of 113 organic pollutants from several chemical classes (i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organophosphate esters (OPEs), alkyl OPEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), brominated flame retardants (BFR), phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over a five-day period. Adult participants (n = 10) were asked to wear five silicone wristbands and then remove one wristband each day. Several compounds were detected in all participants' wristbands after only one day. The number of chemicals detected frequently (i.e. in at least seven participants wristbands) increased from 20% of target compounds to 26% after three days and more substantially increased to 34% of target compounds after four days of wear. Chemicals detected in at least seven participants' day five wristbands (n = 24 chemicals) underwent further statistical analysis, including estimating the chemical uptake rates over time. Some chemicals, including pesticides and phthalates, had postive and significant correlations between concentrations on wristbands worn five days and concentrations of wristbands worn fewer days suggesting chronic exposure. For 23 of the 24 compounds evaluated there was a statistically significant and positive linear association between the length of time wristbands were worn and chemical concentrations in wristbands. Despite the differences that exist between laboratory studies using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) environmental samplers and worn wristbands, these results indicate that worn wristbands are primarily acting as first-order kinetic samplers. These results suggest that studies using different deployment lengths should be comparable when results are normalized to the length of the deployment period. In addition, a shorter deployment period could be utilized for compounds that were commonly detected in as little as one day.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123877
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Brominated flame retardants and legacy organochlorines in archived human placenta samples: Sex differences, temporal analysis and associations with infant birth weight.

    Ruis, Matthew / Hoffman, Kate / Stapleton, Heather M

    Chemosphere

    2023  Volume 322, Page(s) 138170

    Abstract: Perinatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated temporal changes in the accumulation of several classes of POPs, including polybrominated ... ...

    Abstract Perinatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated temporal changes in the accumulation of several classes of POPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides in human placenta and examined their associations with birth outcomes at delivery. Placental tissues (n = 99) previously collected and archived at the Duke University Medical Center from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed for 22 POPs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The mean age of mothers was 30.6 years; 8% of newborns were characterized as low birthweight (<2500 g). Of the 22 POPs targeted in the analysis, only p,p'-DDE, BDE-47 and BDE-100 were detected in more than 50% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.110, 0.310, and 0.033 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Placental PBDE concentrations generally decreased over time, particularly BDE-47. Placental tissues associated with female infants had significantly higher levels of BDE-100 than placental tissues associated with male infants (p = 0.02) and a similar, but not statistically significant trend was observed for BDE-47 (p = 0.07). Multivariate regression models revealed that placental BDE-47 concentrations were associated with a significantly lower birthweight among male, but not female infants. A similar, although non-statistically significant, trend was observed for other POPs, further suggesting sex-specific associations between gestational exposure to POPs and birthweight.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Birth Weight ; Placenta/chemistry ; Flame Retardants/analysis ; Sex Characteristics ; Maternal Exposure ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis
    Chemical Substances 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (0N97R5X10X) ; pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100 ; Flame Retardants ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K) ; Environmental Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138170
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Investigating sensitization activity of azobenzene disperse dyes via the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA).

    Overdahl, Kirsten E / Tighe, Robert M / Stapleton, Heather M / Ferguson, P Lee

    Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

    2023  Volume 182, Page(s) 114108

    Abstract: Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and have been found in indoor house dust and in children's polyester apparel. Azobenzene disperse dyes are implicated as potentially allergenic; however, little ... ...

    Abstract Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and have been found in indoor house dust and in children's polyester apparel. Azobenzene disperse dyes are implicated as potentially allergenic; however, little experimental data is available on allergenicity of these dyes. Here, we examine the binding of azobenzene disperse dyes to nucleophilic peptide residues as a proxy for their potential reactivity as electrophilic allergenic sensitizers. The Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) was utilized via both a spectrophotometric method and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. We tested dyes purified from commercial dyestuffs as well as several known transformation products. All dyes were found to react with nucleophilic peptides in a dose-dependent manner with pseudo-first order kinetics (rate constants as high as 0.04 h
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Coloring Agents/toxicity ; Peptides/chemistry ; Skin/metabolism ; Allergens/toxicity ; Allergens/chemistry ; Polyesters
    Chemical Substances azobenzene (F0U1H6UG5C) ; Coloring Agents ; Peptides ; Allergens ; Polyesters
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 782617-5
    ISSN 1873-6351 ; 0278-6915
    ISSN (online) 1873-6351
    ISSN 0278-6915
    DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions.

    Samon, Samantha M / Hammel, Stephanie C / Stapleton, Heather M / Anderson, Kim A

    Environment international

    2022  Volume 169, Page(s) 107339

    Abstract: Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone ... ...

    Abstract Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of chemicals in a variety of populations. Silicone wristbands can be powerful tools for quantifying personal exposure to chemical mixtures in a single sample, associating exposure with health outcomes, and potentially overcoming some of the challenges associated with quantifying the chemical exposome. However, as their popularity grows, it is crucial that they are used in the appropriate context and within the limits of the technology. This review serves as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing silicone wristbands as a personal exposure assessment tool. Along with briefly discussing the passive sampling theory behind silicone wristbands, this review performs an in-depth comparison of wristbands to other common exposure assessment tools, including biomarkers of exposure measured in biospecimens, and evaluates their utility in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies. Finally, this review includes recommendations for utilizing silicone wristbands to evaluate personal chemical exposure and provides suggestions on what research is needed to recognize silicone wristbands as a premier chemical exposure assessment tool.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Environmental Monitoring ; Knowledge ; Silicones
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Silicones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Opportunities in Assessing and Regulating Organohalogen Flame Retardants (OFRs) as a Class in Consumer Products.

    Chen, Xinrong / Birnbaum, Linda S / Babich, Michael A / de Boer, Jacob / White, Kimberly W / Barone, Stanley / Fehrenbacher, Cathy / Stapleton, Heather M

    Environmental health perspectives

    2024  Volume 132, Issue 1, Page(s) 15001

    Abstract: Background: In 2015, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) received and then, in 2017, granted a petition under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act to declare certain groups of consumer products as banned hazardous substances if they ... ...

    Abstract Background: In 2015, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) received and then, in 2017, granted a petition under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act to declare certain groups of consumer products as banned hazardous substances if they contain nonpolymeric, additive organohalogen flame retardants (OFRs). The petitioners asked the CPSC to regulate OFRs as a single chemical class with similar health effects. The CPSC later sponsored a National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report in 2019, which ultimately identified 161 OFRs and grouped them into 14 subclasses based on chemical structural similarity. In 2021, a follow-up discussion was held among a group of scientists from both inside and outside of the CPSC for current research on OFRs and to promote collaboration that could increase public awareness of CPSC work and support the class-based approach for the CPSC's required risk assessment of OFRs.
    Objectives: Given the extensive data collected to date, there is a need to synthesize what is known about OFR and how class-based regulations have previously managed this information. This commentary discusses both OFR exposure and OFR toxicity and fills some gaps for OFR exposure that were not within the scope of the NASEM report. The objective of this commentary is therefore to provide an overview of the OFR research presented at SOT 2021, explore opportunities and challenges associated with OFR risk assessment, and inform CPSC's work on an OFR class-based approach.
    Discussion: A class-based approach for regulating OFRs can be successful. Expanding the use of read-across and the use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in assessing and regulating existing chemicals was considered as a necessary part of the class-based process. Recommendations for OFR class-based risk assessment include the need to balance fire and chemical safety and to protect vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant women. The authors also suggest the CPSC should consider global, federal, and state OFR regulations. The lack of data or lack of concordance in toxicity data could present significant hurdles for some OFR subclasses. The potential for cumulative risks within or between subclasses, OFR mixtures, and metabolites common to more than one OFR all add extra complexity for class-based risk assessment. This commentary discusses scientific and regulatory challenges for a class-based approach suggested by NASEM. This commentary is offered as a resource for anyone performing class-based assessments and to provide potential collaboration opportunities for OFR stakeholders. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12725.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; United States ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Flame Retardants ; Consumer Product Safety ; Hazardous Substances/toxicity ; Risk Assessment
    Chemical Substances Flame Retardants ; Hazardous Substances
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 195189-0
    ISSN 1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
    ISSN (online) 1552-9924
    ISSN 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
    DOI 10.1289/EHP12725
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  6. Article ; Online: Inhibition of Human Liver Carboxylesterase (hCE1) by Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers: Implications for Pharmacotherapy.

    Phillips, Allison L / Stapleton, Heather M

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2019  Volume 171, Issue 2, Page(s) 396–405

    Abstract: Organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers, consumer product additives with widespread human exposure, were evaluated for their effect on the activity of purified human liver carboxylesterase (hCE1). Four of the 15 OPEs tested had IC50 ...

    Abstract Organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers, consumer product additives with widespread human exposure, were evaluated for their effect on the activity of purified human liver carboxylesterase (hCE1). Four of the 15 OPEs tested had IC50 values lower than 100 nM, including triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), 4-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4IPPDPP), and 4-tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4tBPDPP), as did 4 of the commercial flame retardant mixtures tested. Because hCE1 is critical for the activation of imidapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor prodrug prescribed to treat hypertension, the most potent inhibitors, TPHP and 4tBPDPP, and an environmentally relevant mixture (house dust) were further evaluated for their effect on imidapril bioactivation in vitro. TPHP and 4tBPDPP were potent inhibitors of hCE1-mediated imidapril activation (Ki = 49.0 and 17.9 nM, respectively). House dust extracts (100 µg/ml) also caused significant reductions (up to 33%) in imidapril activation. Combined, these data suggest that exposure to OPEs may affect pharmacotherapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfz149
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat.

    Kassotis, Christopher D / Stapleton, Heather M

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 39

    Abstract: Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative ... ...

    Abstract Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Assess flame retardants with care-Response.

    de Boer, Jacob / Stapleton, Heather M

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2019  Volume 365, Issue 6457, Page(s) 993

    MeSH term(s) Flame Retardants
    Chemical Substances Flame Retardants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.aay7649
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Self-Collection Blood Test for PFASs: Comparing Volumetric Microsamplers with a Traditional Serum Approach.

    Carignan, Courtney C / Bauer, Rachel A / Patterson, Andrew / Phomsopha, Thep / Redman, Eric / Stapleton, Heather M / Higgins, Christopher P

    Environmental science & technology

    2023  Volume 57, Issue 21, Page(s) 7950–7957

    Abstract: A remote sampling approach was developed at Eurofins for quantifying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in whole blood samples collected using volumetric absorptive microsamplers (VAMSs), which allow for self-collection of blood using a finger ... ...

    Abstract A remote sampling approach was developed at Eurofins for quantifying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in whole blood samples collected using volumetric absorptive microsamplers (VAMSs), which allow for self-collection of blood using a finger prick. This study compares PFAS exposure measured by self-collection of blood using VAMSs to the standard venous serum approach. Blood samples were collected from participants (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Hematologic Tests ; Fluorocarbons/analysis
    Chemical Substances Fluorocarbons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.2c09852
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in our changing environment.

    Escher, Beate I / Stapleton, Heather M / Schymanski, Emma L

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 367, Issue 6476, Page(s) 388–392

    Abstract: Chemicals have improved our quality of life, but the resulting environmental pollution has the potential to cause detrimental effects on humans and the environment. People and biota are chronically exposed to thousands of chemicals from various ... ...

    Abstract Chemicals have improved our quality of life, but the resulting environmental pollution has the potential to cause detrimental effects on humans and the environment. People and biota are chronically exposed to thousands of chemicals from various environmental sources through multiple pathways. Environmental chemists and toxicologists have moved beyond detecting and quantifying single chemicals to characterizing complex mixtures of chemicals in indoor and outdoor environments and biological matrices. We highlight analytical and bioanalytical approaches to isolating, characterizing, and tracking groups of chemicals of concern in complex matrices. Techniques that combine chemical analysis and bioassays have the potential to facilitate the identification of mixtures of chemicals that pose a combined risk.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Assay ; Complex Mixtures ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution ; Humans ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances Complex Mixtures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.aay6636
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