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  1. Article: Plasma Fibrinogen Degradation Products as the Nonsurgical Diagnostic Tool for Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review.

    Gupta, Sonia / Sandhu, Harman / Nadar, Karthick T / Ocampo Escobedo, Rosa L / Gupta, Radhika / Subbappa, Anitha / Bhullar, Harkaran S / Kaur, Manjinder

    Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 89–95

    Abstract: Aims and objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is known to be one of the most common premalignant conditions of the oral cavity. Areca nut (AN) is considered to be the disease's primary cause, while there are other potential causes as well. However, ...

    Abstract Aims and objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is known to be one of the most common premalignant conditions of the oral cavity. Areca nut (AN) is considered to be the disease's primary cause, while there are other potential causes as well. However, routine clinical practice has revealed that not all people who chew AN exhibit clinical signs of OSMF, and few people are reported to have it even without chewing AN. So, there must be other factors contributing to OSMF. Plasma fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) have recently been discovered to be an early sign of this disease, indicating a potential link between the two. This review aims to examine the studies which have been published in the literature that explain the role of plasma FDPs in contributing to OSMF.
    Materials and methods: An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Research gate databases, using mesh keywords like ('Oral submucous fibrosis' OR 'Oral submucous fibrosis') AND ('Fibrinogen degradation products' OR 'Plasma fibrinogen degradation products') AND ('Clinical grades' OR 'Histological grades') AND ('Diagnosis'). A manual search of all related journals was also done. We also referred to the reference lists of papers. The risk of bias was evaluated with the GRADE criteria (from the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group).
    Results: The search revealed a total of 12 relevant studies from 1979 to 2022. Nine out of 12 studies demonstrated the definite presence of plasma FDPs in such cases.
    Conclusions: Although the studies documented in the literature showing evidence of plasma FDPs in patients with OSMF are very few in number, their detection signifies an important clinical finding. More research is still required in this aspect to establish stronger evidence.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2734043-0
    ISSN 2250-1002 ; 2231-0762
    ISSN (online) 2250-1002
    ISSN 2231-0762
    DOI 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_229_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Objective measurement of physical activity: improving the evidence base to address non-communicable diseases in Africa.

    Barr, Anna Louise / Young, Elizabeth H / Sandhu, Manjinder S

    BMJ global health

    2018  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) e001044

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2059-7908
    ISSN 2059-7908
    DOI 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001044
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Genomics of disease risk in globally diverse populations.

    Gurdasani, Deepti / Barroso, Inês / Zeggini, Eleftheria / Sandhu, Manjinder S

    Nature reviews. Genetics

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 562

    Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

    Abstract An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2035157-4
    ISSN 1471-0064 ; 1471-0056
    ISSN (online) 1471-0064
    ISSN 1471-0056
    DOI 10.1038/s41576-019-0153-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Sociodemographic patterns of health insurance coverage in Namibia.

    Allcock, Sophie H / Young, Elizabeth H / Sandhu, Manjinder S

    International journal for equity in health

    2019  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 16

    Abstract: Introduction: Health insurance has been found to increase healthcare utilisation and reduce catastrophic health expenditures in a number of countries; however, coverage is often unequally distributed among populations. The sociodemographic patterns of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Health insurance has been found to increase healthcare utilisation and reduce catastrophic health expenditures in a number of countries; however, coverage is often unequally distributed among populations. The sociodemographic patterns of health insurance in Namibia are not fully understood. We aimed to assess the prevalence of health insurance, the relation between health insurance and health service utilisation and to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with health insurance in Namibia. Such findings may help to inform health policy to improve financial access to healthcare in the country.
    Methods: Using data on 14,443 individuals, aged 15 to 64 years, from the 2013 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey, the association between health insurance and health service utilisation was investigated using multivariable mixed effects Poisson regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates and regional, enumeration area and household clustering. Multivariable mixed effects Poisson regression analyses were also conducted to explore the association between key sociodemographic factors and health insurance, adjusted for covariates and clustering. Effect modification by sex, education level and wealth quintile was also explored.
    Results: Just 17.5% of this population were insured (men: 20.2%; women: 16.2%). In fully-adjusted analyses, education was significantly positively associated with health insurance, independent of other sociodemographic factors (higher education RR: 3.98; 95% CI: 3.11-5.10; p < 0.001). Female sex (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74-0.94; p = 0.003) and wealth (highest wealth quintile RR: 13.47; 95% CI: 9.06-20.04; p < 0.001) were also independently associated with insurance. There was a complex interaction between sex, education and wealth in the context of health insurance. With increasing education level, women were more likely to be insured (p for interaction < 0.001), and education had a greater impact on the likelihood of health insurance in lower wealth quintiles.
    Conclusions: In this population, health insurance was associated with health service utilisation but insurance coverage was low, and was independently associated with sex, education and wealth. Education may play a key role in health insurance coverage, especially for women and the less wealthy. These findings may help to inform the targeting of strategies to improve financial protection from healthcare-associated costs in Namibia.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Demography ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Namibia ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Social Class ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2092056-8
    ISSN 1475-9276 ; 1475-9276
    ISSN (online) 1475-9276
    ISSN 1475-9276
    DOI 10.1186/s12939-019-0915-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A cross-sectional analysis of ITN and IRS coverage in Namibia in 2013.

    Allcock, Sophie H / Young, Elizabeth H / Sandhu, Manjinder S

    Malaria journal

    2018  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 264

    Abstract: Background: Achieving vector control targets is a key step towards malaria elimination. Because of variations in reporting of progress towards vector control targets in 2013, the coverage of these vector control interventions in Namibia was assessed.: ...

    Abstract Background: Achieving vector control targets is a key step towards malaria elimination. Because of variations in reporting of progress towards vector control targets in 2013, the coverage of these vector control interventions in Namibia was assessed.
    Methods: Data on 9846 households, representing 41,314 people, collected in the 2013 nationally-representative Namibia Demographic and Health Survey were used to explore the coverage of two vector control methods: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Regional data on Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate in those aged 2-10 years (PfPR
    Results: Intervention coverage was greatest in the highest transmission areas (PfPR
    Conclusions: The prevalence of IRS and ITN interventions in 2013 did not reflect the Namibian government intervention targets. As such, there is a need to include quantitative monitoring of such interventions to reliably inform intervention strategies for malaria elimination in Namibia.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets/statistics & numerical data ; Insecticides ; Malaria/transmission ; Mosquito Control/statistics & numerical data ; Mosquito Vectors ; Namibia ; Pesticide Residues
    Chemical Substances Insecticides ; Pesticide Residues
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2091229-8
    ISSN 1475-2875 ; 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    ISSN 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-018-2417-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Genomics of disease risk in globally diverse populations.

    Gurdasani, Deepti / Barroso, Inês / Zeggini, Eleftheria / Sandhu, Manjinder S

    Nature reviews. Genetics

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 520–535

    Abstract: Risk of disease is multifactorial and can be shaped by socio-economic, demographic, cultural, environmental and genetic factors. Our understanding of the genetic determinants of disease risk has greatly advanced with the advent of genome-wide association ...

    Abstract Risk of disease is multifactorial and can be shaped by socio-economic, demographic, cultural, environmental and genetic factors. Our understanding of the genetic determinants of disease risk has greatly advanced with the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which detect associations between genetic variants and complex traits or diseases by comparing populations of cases and controls. However, much of this discovery has occurred through GWAS of individuals of European ancestry, with limited representation of other populations, including from Africa, The Americas, Asia and Oceania. Population demography, genetic drift and adaptation to environments over thousands of years have led globally to the diversification of populations. This global genomic diversity can provide new opportunities for discovery and translation into therapies, as well as a better understanding of population disease risk. Large-scale multi-ethnic and representative biobanks and population health resources provide unprecedented opportunities to understand the genetic determinants of disease on a global scale.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2035157-4
    ISSN 1471-0064 ; 1471-0056
    ISSN (online) 1471-0064
    ISSN 1471-0056
    DOI 10.1038/s41576-019-0144-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Sociodemographic patterns of health insurance coverage in Namibia

    Sophie H. Allcock / Elizabeth H. Young / Manjinder S. Sandhu

    International Journal for Equity in Health, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Introduction Health insurance has been found to increase healthcare utilisation and reduce catastrophic health expenditures in a number of countries; however, coverage is often unequally distributed among populations. The sociodemographic ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Introduction Health insurance has been found to increase healthcare utilisation and reduce catastrophic health expenditures in a number of countries; however, coverage is often unequally distributed among populations. The sociodemographic patterns of health insurance in Namibia are not fully understood. We aimed to assess the prevalence of health insurance, the relation between health insurance and health service utilisation and to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with health insurance in Namibia. Such findings may help to inform health policy to improve financial access to healthcare in the country. Methods Using data on 14,443 individuals, aged 15 to 64 years, from the 2013 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey, the association between health insurance and health service utilisation was investigated using multivariable mixed effects Poisson regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates and regional, enumeration area and household clustering. Multivariable mixed effects Poisson regression analyses were also conducted to explore the association between key sociodemographic factors and health insurance, adjusted for covariates and clustering. Effect modification by sex, education level and wealth quintile was also explored. Results Just 17.5% of this population were insured (men: 20.2%; women: 16.2%). In fully-adjusted analyses, education was significantly positively associated with health insurance, independent of other sociodemographic factors (higher education RR: 3.98; 95% CI: 3.11–5.10; p < 0.001). Female sex (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74–0.94; p = 0.003) and wealth (highest wealth quintile RR: 13.47; 95% CI: 9.06–20.04; p < 0.001) were also independently associated with insurance. There was a complex interaction between sex, education and wealth in the context of health insurance. With increasing education level, women were more likely to be insured (p for interaction < 0.001), and education had a greater impact on the likelihood of health insurance in lower wealth ...
    Keywords Health insurance ; Namibia ; Education ; Women ; Wealth ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: A cross-sectional analysis of ITN and IRS coverage in Namibia in 2013

    Sophie H. Allcock / Elizabeth H. Young / Manjinder S. Sandhu

    Malaria Journal, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Background Achieving vector control targets is a key step towards malaria elimination. Because of variations in reporting of progress towards vector control targets in 2013, the coverage of these vector control interventions in Namibia was ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Achieving vector control targets is a key step towards malaria elimination. Because of variations in reporting of progress towards vector control targets in 2013, the coverage of these vector control interventions in Namibia was assessed. Methods Data on 9846 households, representing 41,314 people, collected in the 2013 nationally-representative Namibia Demographic and Health Survey were used to explore the coverage of two vector control methods: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Regional data on Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate in those aged 2–10 years (PfPR2–10), obtained from the Malaria Atlas Project, were used to provide information on malaria transmission intensity. Poisson regression analyses were carried out exploring the relationship between household interventions and PfPR2–10, with fully adjusted models adjusting for wealth and residence type and accounting for regional and enumeration area clustering. Additionally, the coverage as a function of government intervention zones was explored and models were compared using log-likelihood ratio tests. Results Intervention coverage was greatest in the highest transmission areas (PfPR2–10 ≥ 5%), but was still below target levels of 95% coverage in these regions, with 27.6% of households covered by IRS, 32.3% with an ITN and 49.0% with at least one intervention (ITN and/or IRS). In fully adjusted models, PfPR2–10 ≥ 5% was strongly associated with IRS (RR 14.54; 95% CI 5.56–38.02; p < 0.001), ITN ownership (RR 5.70; 95% CI 2.84–11.45; p < 0.001) and ITN and/or IRS coverage (RR 5.32; 95% CI 3.09–9.16; p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of IRS and ITN interventions in 2013 did not reflect the Namibian government intervention targets. As such, there is a need to include quantitative monitoring of such interventions to reliably inform intervention strategies for malaria elimination in Namibia.
    Keywords Malaria ; Indoor residual spraying ; Insecticide-treated nets ; Vector control ; Namibia ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Polygenic Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in Africa.

    Chikowore, Tinashe / Ekoru, Kenneth / Vujkovi, Marijana / Gill, Dipender / Pirie, Fraser / Young, Elizabeth / Sandhu, Manjinder S / McCarthy, Mark / Rotimi, Charles / Adeyemo, Adebowale / Motala, Ayesha / Fatumo, Segun

    Diabetes care

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 717–723

    Abstract: Objective: Polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in continental Africans is adversely affected by the limited number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D from Africa and the poor transferability of European-derived polygenic risk ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in continental Africans is adversely affected by the limited number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D from Africa and the poor transferability of European-derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in diverse ethnicities. We set out to evaluate if African American, European, or multiethnic-derived PRSs would improve polygenic prediction in continental Africans.
    Research design and methods: Using the PRSice software, ethnic-specific PRSs were computed with weights from the T2D GWAS multiancestry meta-analysis of 228,499 case and 1,178,783 control subjects. The South African Zulu study (n = 1,602 case and 981 control subjects) was used as the target data set. Validation and assessment of the best predictive PRS association with age at diagnosis were conducted in the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (n = 2,148 case and 2,161 control subjects).
    Results: The discriminatory ability of the African American and multiethnic PRSs was similar. However, the African American-derived PRS was more transferable in all the countries represented in the AADM cohort and predictive of T2D in the country combined analysis compared with the European and multiethnic-derived scores. Notably, participants in the 10th decile of this PRS had a 3.63-fold greater risk (odds ratio 3.63; 95% CI 2.19-4.03; P = 2.79 × 10-17) per risk allele of developing diabetes and were diagnosed 2.6 years earlier than those in the first decile.
    Conclusions: African American-derived PRS enhances polygenic prediction of T2D in continental Africans. Improved representation of non-European populations (including Africans) in GWAS promises to provide better tools for precision medicine interventions in T2D.
    MeSH term(s) Blacks ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Risk Factors ; South Africa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dc21-0365
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Genetic loci implicated in meta-analysis of body shape in Africans.

    Nakabuye, Mariam / Kamiza, Abram Bunya / Soremekun, Opeyemi / Machipisa, Tafadzwa / Cohen, Emmanuel / Pirie, Fraser / Nashiru, Oyekanmi / Young, Elizabeth / Sandhu, Manjinder S / Motala, Ayesha A / Chikowore, Tinashe / Fatumo, Segun

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 1511–1518

    Abstract: Background and aims: Obesity is one of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Thus, NCD risk varies in obese individuals based on the location of their fat depots; while subcutaneous adiposity is protective, visceral adiposity increases ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Obesity is one of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Thus, NCD risk varies in obese individuals based on the location of their fat depots; while subcutaneous adiposity is protective, visceral adiposity increases NCD risk. Although, previously anthropometric traits have been used to quantify body shape in low-income settings, there is no consensus on how it should be assessed. Hence, there is a growing interest to evaluate body shape derived from the principal component analysis (PCA) of anthropometric traits; however, this is yet to be explored in individuals of African ancestry whose body shape is different from those of Europeans. We set out to capture body shape in its multidimensional structure and examine the association between genetic variants and body shape in individuals of African ancestry.
    Method and results: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for body shape derived from PCA analysis of anthropometric traits in the Ugandan General Population Cohort (GPC, n = 6407) and the South African Zulu Cohort (SZC, n = 2595), followed by a GWAS meta-analysis to assess the genetic variants associated with body shape. We identified variants in FGF12, GRM8, TLX1NB and TRAP1 to be associated with body shape. These genes were different from the genes been associated with BMI, height, weight, WC and waist-hip ration in continental Africans. Notably, we also observed that a standard deviation change in body shape was associated with an increase in blood pressure and blood lipids.
    Conclusion: Variants associated with body shape, as a composite variable might be different for those of individual anthropometric traits. Larger studies are required to further explore these phenomena.
    MeSH term(s) Adiposity/genetics ; Body Mass Index ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Genetic Loci ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Obesity/diagnosis ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/genetics ; Somatotypes ; Waist-Hip Ratio
    Chemical Substances FGF12 protein, human ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; TRAP1 protein, human ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 1590-3729 ; 0939-4753
    ISSN (online) 1590-3729
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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