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  1. Article ; Online: Weight and antiretrovirals: a new episode in a long series.

    Capeau, Jacqueline

    The lancet. HIV

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) e663–e664

    MeSH term(s) Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents ; Anti-Retroviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ISSN 2352-3018
    ISSN (online) 2352-3018
    DOI 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00189-2
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  2. Article ; Online: Ageing with HIV: is the virus or the treatment guilty?

    Capeau, Jacqueline

    The lancet. HIV

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) e182–e183

    MeSH term(s) Acceleration ; Adult ; Aging ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Guilt ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2352-3018
    ISSN (online) 2352-3018
    DOI 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30337-4
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  3. Article ; Online: Is the GLP-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, a good option for weight loss in persons with HIV?

    Lee, Daniel / Capeau, Jacqueline

    AIDS (London, England)

    2024  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 603–605

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Glucagon-Like Peptides/therapeutic use ; Weight Loss
    Chemical Substances semaglutide (53AXN4NNHX) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists ; Glucagon-Like Peptides (62340-29-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003816
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    Zs.A 2228: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Recent data on the role of antiretroviral therapy in weight gain and obesity in persons living with HIV.

    Capeau, Jacqueline / Lagathu, Claire / Béréziat, Véronique

    Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–20

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has long been implicated in fat alterations and weight variations leading to cardiometabolic consequences. Recent largely prescribed antiretrovirals (ARVs) from the integrase-strand-transfer-inhibitor ( ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has long been implicated in fat alterations and weight variations leading to cardiometabolic consequences. Recent largely prescribed antiretrovirals (ARVs) from the integrase-strand-transfer-inhibitor (INSTI) class have been associated with excessive weight gain/obesity in a minority of persons with HIV (PWH). As well, in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) class, tenofovir-alafenamide (TAF), often replacing tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF), has been associated with weight gain, a worrying concern in the present worldwide obesogenic environment. The respective role of the different ARV, the risk factors and the mechanisms remain questionable.
    Recent findings: The INSTIs dolutegravir (DTG) and bictegravir (BIC) and TAF have a proper effect on weight gain, while efavirenz (EFV) and TDF inhibit it. These effects are reported in ART-naïve PWH, in addition to weight gain resulting from the return to health process, and in ART-controlled PWH. Also, INSTIs induce weight gain in adolescents and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. The effects of INSTIs and TAF are additive. Their trajectory differs. Most of the weight gain is observed during the initial 12-month period.The main risk factors are low CD4+ and high viral load (VL) in ART-naïve PWH, Black race or originating from some African countries and female gender. The role of age and BMI differs between studies. The reversibility of the effect of INSTI and TAF appears limited.Regarding the mechanisms, the INSTIs can directly alter adipose tissue in particular through inhibition of fat beiging, resulting in fat fibrosis and hypertrophy. Macrophage infiltration is decreased. The mechanisms explaining the opposite effects of TDF and TAF remain elusive.
    Summary: The specific impact of DTG, BIC and TAF on weight gain/obesity in PWH is confirmed in different populations independently of the weight limiting effect of EFV and TDF. ART-linked excessive weight gain is uncommon. African origin and female sex are risk factors that need to be considered. The mechanisms are better understood for INSTIs but unknown for TDF/TAF. The reversibility of weight gain/obesity when stopping INSTI or TAF remains limited.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Benzoxazines/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Obesity ; Tenofovir/pharmacology ; Weight Gain/drug effects ; Male
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents ; Benzoxazines ; efavirenz (JE6H2O27P8) ; Tenofovir (99YXE507IL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2502511-9
    ISSN 1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
    ISSN (online) 1746-6318
    ISSN 1746-630X
    DOI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000833
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  5. Article ; Online: Recent data on adipose tissue, insulin resistance, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in antiretroviral therapy controlled HIV-infected persons.

    Capeau, Jacqueline / Lagathu, Claire / Béréziat, Véronique / Fève, Bruno

    Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 141–147

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Increased total body fat with truncal redistribution is common in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled persons living with HIV(PLWH), leading to insulin resistance, prediabetes/diabetes and dyslipidaemia. We address these topics ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Increased total body fat with truncal redistribution is common in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled persons living with HIV(PLWH), leading to insulin resistance, prediabetes/diabetes and dyslipidaemia. We address these topics here.
    Recent findings: Most antiretrovirals are associated with gain in trunk fat, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Protease-inhibitors could inhibit white fat ability to dissipate energy (i.e. beiging) favouring fat gain. Expansion of VAT is associated with a pro-inflammatory profile linked to the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and CD4+ subtypes. ART-associated increased adipose tissue (AT) quantity leads to decreased AT density, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia that could be improved by lifestyle modifications.PLWH present high level of insulin resistance, regardless of their treatment, and a higher prevalence of prediabetes, but not diabetes, than noninfected persons. Otherwise, HbA1c values appear inaccurate to diagnose prediabetes/diabetes in PLWH.ART-related-dyslipidaemia is characterized by elevated LDL-C and/or high triglycerides and reduced HDL-C. Whereas treatment with protease inhibitors generally results in worsened lipid values, treatment with integrase-strand-transfer-inhibitors is associated with a better profile. Tenofovir-alafenamide is associated with higher lipid levels than tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate. Treatment of LDL-C-dyslipidaemia could benefit, in statin-insufficiently controlled patients, from the class of proprotein-convertase-subtilsin-kenin-type-9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors.
    Summary: Lifestyle modifications are mandatory to reduce fat and improve dysglycaemia/dyslipidaemia. New drugs can efficiently control diabetes and LDL-C-dyslipidaemia.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2502511-9
    ISSN 1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
    ISSN (online) 1746-6318
    ISSN 1746-630X
    DOI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000674
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  6. Article ; Online: Premature Aging and Premature Age-Related Comorbidities in HIV-Infected Patients: Facts and Hypotheses.

    Capeau, Jacqueline

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2011  Volume 53, Issue 11, Page(s) 1127–1129

    MeSH term(s) Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/cir628
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    Zs.A 1505: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 480: Show issues

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  7. Article: Le vieillissement prématuré des patients infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH): mise en évidence, recherche des mécanismes physiopathologiques et prise en charge.

    Capeau, Jacqueline

    Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine

    2011  Volume 195, Issue 9, Page(s) 2013–22; discussion 2022–4

    Abstract: Most patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection now receive effective treatment. However, as the HIV-infected population gets older, manifestations of aging is starting to emerge 10-15 years earlier than in the general ... ...

    Title translation Premature aging in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients: detection, pathophysiological mechanisms and management.
    Abstract Most patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection now receive effective treatment. However, as the HIV-infected population gets older, manifestations of aging is starting to emerge 10-15 years earlier than in the general population, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurocognitive disorders, metabolic complications, and kidney and liver failure. Clinical studies suggest that the pathophysiology of this premature aging may be multifactorial. In addition to residual HIV infection, immune activation (leading to immunodeficiency) and some antiretrovirals might contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation that could drive tissue senescence and provoke degenerative and proliferative disorders. Management of these patients involves lifestyle modifications and switching from first-generation antiretrovirals towards less toxic drugs. Antiinflammatory treatment could be considered for at-risk patients.
    MeSH term(s) Aging, Premature/physiopathology ; HIV Infections/physiopathology ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology
    Language French
    Publishing date 2011-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 213227-8
    ISSN 0001-4079
    ISSN 0001-4079
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  8. Article: Insulin resistance and steatosis in humans.

    Capeau, J

    Diabetes & metabolism

    2008  Volume 34, Issue 6 Pt 2, Page(s) 649–657

    Abstract: Insulin resistance is commonly found in a large number of adults-in particular, those with android obesity, the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Strong adverse relationships between adipose tissue, liver and muscles in these patients result in ... ...

    Abstract Insulin resistance is commonly found in a large number of adults-in particular, those with android obesity, the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Strong adverse relationships between adipose tissue, liver and muscles in these patients result in lipotoxicity, with deposition of triglycerides (TG) within the liver and muscles together with insulin resistance. Such a situation is also seen in lipodystrophic patients with fat loss. Insulin signals in the liver through its tyrosine-kinase receptors to negatively control hepatic glucose production (HGP), replenish glycogen stores and synthesize fatty acids (FA), leading to TG exported as VLDL. In liver insulin resistance, HGP is increased mainly by activation of the gluconeogenic pathway, resulting in increased fasting glycemia. Lipogenesis is also increased possibly due to direct activation of the SREBP-1 transcription factor and together with increased FA availability results in an increased production of VLDL-TG. An imbalance between the pathways of TG synthesis and oxidation or export results in 'metabolic' steatosis. Increased cellular FA derivatives activate stress kinases, leading to phosphorylation of serine in insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and, hence, insulin resistance. A number of studies in normal subjects and patients have revealed a strong association between insulin resistance and metabolic steatosis. Moreover, when insulin resistance is decreased by weight loss in obese subjects or by treatment with insulin sensitizers such as thiazolidinediones, the levels of liver fat and insulin resistance vary accordingly. An important question that remains unanswered concerns the relationship between steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the potential roles of insulin resistance together with inflammation and oxidative stress in such a setting.
    MeSH term(s) Adipokines/physiology ; Adipose Tissue/physiopathology ; Fatty Liver/epidemiology ; Fatty Liver/etiology ; Fatty Liver/physiopathology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism/metabolism ; Hyperinsulinism/physiopathology ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Insulin/physiology ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Lipids/physiology ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/physiopathology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Adipokines ; Insulin ; Lipids ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1315751-6
    ISSN 1262-3636 ; 0338-1684
    ISSN 1262-3636 ; 0338-1684
    DOI 10.1016/S1262-3636(08)74600-7
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  9. Article ; Online: From lipodystrophy and insulin resistance to metabolic syndrome: HIV infection, treatment and aging.

    Capeau, Jacqueline

    Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    2007  Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 247–252

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The rapid occurrence of lipodystrophy and metabolic alterations in the late 1990s at the same time as antiretroviral treatments were able to control HIV infection led to defining a new field of HIV-related complications. Even if their ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The rapid occurrence of lipodystrophy and metabolic alterations in the late 1990s at the same time as antiretroviral treatments were able to control HIV infection led to defining a new field of HIV-related complications. Even if their pathophysiology is partly but incompletely understood, the different antiretroviral drugs play the leading role. In addition, Western countries' populations face a major metabolic risk due to high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle.
    Recent findings: The mechanisms whereby antiretroviral drugs, including first-generation protease inhibitors and thymidine analogues, alter adipose function have been partly deciphered. Lipodystrophic adipose tissue presents an inflammatory state with insulin resistance which can impact on the liver and muscles, leading to metabolic alterations. In addition, some drugs are also responsible for direct effects on metabolic parameters. These abnormalities occur in the context of patients' aging, nutritional excess, sedentariness and smoking, leading to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risks.
    Summary: More research is required to find antiretroviral drugs devoid of adverse metabolic effects and to find and validate molecules able to reverse the lipodystrophic phenotype. At present, it is critical to optimize the patients' antiretroviral treatment by considering drugs with a friendly adipose and metabolic profile. The specific metabolic alterations require adapted treatment interventions to decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular and hepatic complications and of diabetes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2502511-9
    ISSN 1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
    ISSN (online) 1746-6318
    ISSN 1746-630X
    DOI 10.1097/COH.0b013e3281e66919
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  10. Article: The story of adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1 and R2: to follow.

    Capeau, Jacqueline

    Journal of hepatology

    2007  Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 736–738

    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605953-3
    ISSN 1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
    ISSN (online) 1600-0641
    ISSN 0168-8278
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.06.002
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