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  1. Article: The Interaction of Insulin and Pituitary Hormone Syndromes.

    Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Wolf, Peter / Vila, Greisa / Luger, Anton

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 626427

    Abstract: Pituitary hormone axes modulate glucose metabolism and exert direct or indirect effects on insulin secretion and function. Cortisol and growth hormone are potent insulin-antagonistic hormones. Therefore impaired glucose tolerance, elevated fasting ... ...

    Abstract Pituitary hormone axes modulate glucose metabolism and exert direct or indirect effects on insulin secretion and function. Cortisol and growth hormone are potent insulin-antagonistic hormones. Therefore impaired glucose tolerance, elevated fasting glucose concentrations and diabetes mellitus are frequent in Cushing's disease and acromegaly. Also prolactinomas, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, hypogonadism and hypothyroidism might be associated with impaired glucose homeostasis but usually to a lesser extent. Therefore glucose metabolism needs to be closely monitored and treated in patients with pituitary adenomas. Correction of the pituitary dysfunction is frequently followed by improvement of glucose homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Pituitary Hormones/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; Pituitary Hormones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2021.626427
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Does Genotype-Specific Phenotype in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Occur as Current Guidelines Predict?

    Binter, Teresa / Baumgartner-Parzer, Sabina / Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Arikan, Melisa / Hargitai, Lindsay / Niederle, Martin Bruno / Niederle, Bruno / Scheuba, Christian / Riss, Philipp

    Cancers

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 3

    Abstract: The clinical manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) in terms of developing medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PCC), and/or primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is related to the respective pathogenic variant of ... ...

    Abstract The clinical manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) in terms of developing medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PCC), and/or primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is related to the respective pathogenic variant of the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers16030494
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular risk in routine clinical practice.

    Schernthaner, Guntram / Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene

    The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology

    2018  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 78–80

    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cohort Studies ; Denmark ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Liraglutide ; Risk Factors ; Sweden
    Chemical Substances Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Liraglutide (839I73S42A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2213-8595
    ISSN (online) 2213-8595
    DOI 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30340-1
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  4. Article ; Online: Chaperones, somatotroph tumors and the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway.

    Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Trivellin, Giampaolo / Stratakis, Constantine A

    Molecular and cellular endocrinology

    2019  Volume 499, Page(s) 110607

    Abstract: The cAMP-PKA pathway plays an essential role in the pituitary gland, governing cell differentiation and survival, and maintenance of endocrine function. Somatotroph growth hormone transcription and release as well as cell proliferation are regulated by ... ...

    Abstract The cAMP-PKA pathway plays an essential role in the pituitary gland, governing cell differentiation and survival, and maintenance of endocrine function. Somatotroph growth hormone transcription and release as well as cell proliferation are regulated by the cAMP-PKA pathway; cAMP-PKA pathway abnormalities are frequently detected in sporadic as well as in hereditary somatotroph tumors and more rarely in other pituitary tumors. Inactivating variants of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP)-coding gene are the genetic cause of a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). Multiple functional links between the co-chaperone AIP and the cAMP-PKA pathway have been described. This review explores the role of chaperones including AIP in normal pituitary function as well as in somatotroph tumors, and their interaction with the cAMP-PKA pathway.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics ; Pituitary Neoplasms/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Molecular Chaperones ; aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.11)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-03
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187438-x
    ISSN 1872-8057 ; 0303-7207
    ISSN (online) 1872-8057
    ISSN 0303-7207
    DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110607
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Diabetes in the older patient: heterogeneity requires individualisation of therapeutic strategies.

    Schernthaner, Guntram / Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene

    Diabetologia

    2018  Volume 61, Issue 7, Page(s) 1503–1516

    Abstract: Owing to the worldwide increase in life expectancy, the high incidence of diabetes in older individuals and the improved survival of people with diabetes, about one-third of all individuals with diabetes are now older than 65 years. Evidence is ... ...

    Abstract Owing to the worldwide increase in life expectancy, the high incidence of diabetes in older individuals and the improved survival of people with diabetes, about one-third of all individuals with diabetes are now older than 65 years. Evidence is accumulating that type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and frailty. Older people with diabetes have significantly more comorbidities, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease and renal impairment, compared with those without diabetes. However, as a consequence of the increased use of multifactorial risk factor intervention, a considerable number of older individuals can now survive for many years without any vascular complications. Given the heterogeneity of older individuals with type 2 diabetes, an individualised approach is warranted, which must take into account the health status, presence or absence of complications, and life expectancy. In doing so, undertreatment of otherwise healthy older individuals and overtreatment of those who are frail may be avoided. Specifically, overtreatment of hyperglycaemia in older patients is potentially harmful; in particular, insulin and sulfonylureas should be avoided or, if necessary, used with caution. Instead, glucose-dependent drugs that do not induce hypoglycaemia are preferable since older patients with diabetes and impaired kidney function are especially vulnerable to this adverse event.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/blood ; Hyperglycemia/chemically induced ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient-Centered Care ; Polypharmacy ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Hypoglycemic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1694-9
    ISSN 1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0428
    ISSN 0012-186X
    DOI 10.1007/s00125-018-4547-9
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  6. Article ; Online: Interaction of AIP with protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase).

    Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Trivellin, Giampaolo / Stratakis, Constantine A

    Human molecular genetics

    2018  Volume 27, Issue 15, Page(s) 2604–2613

    Abstract: Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene cause mostly somatotropinomas and/or prolactinomas in a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). AIP has been shown to interact with phosphodiesterases (PDEs) ...

    Abstract Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene cause mostly somatotropinomas and/or prolactinomas in a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). AIP has been shown to interact with phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and G proteins, suggesting a link to the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway. Upregulation of PKA is seen in sporadic somatotropinomas that carry GNAS mutations, and those in Carney complex that are due to PRKAR1A mutations. To elucidate the mechanism of AIP-dependent pituitary tumorigenesis, we studied potential functional and physical interactions of AIP with PKA's main subunits PRKAR1A (R1α) and PRKACA (Cα). We found that AIP physically interacts with both R1α and Cα; this interaction is enhanced when all three components are present, but maintained during Cα-R1α dissociation by PKA activation, indicating that AIP binds Cα/R1α both in complex and separately. The interaction between AIP and R1α/Cα is reduced when the frequent AIP pathogenic mutation p.R304* is present. AIP protein levels are regulated both by translation and the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and Cα stabilizes both AIP and R1α protein levels. AIP reduction by siRNA leads to an increase of PKA activity, which is disproportionately enhanced during PDE4-inhibition. We show that AIP interacts with the PKA pathway on multiple levels, including a physical interaction with both the main regulatory (R1α) and catalytic (Cα) PKA subunits and a functional interaction with PDE4-dependent PKA activation. These findings provide novel insights on the mechanisms of AIP-dependent pituitary tumorigenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits/genetics ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit/genetics ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Stability ; Rats ; Rolipram/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; PRKAR1A protein, human ; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors ; aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits (EC 2.7.11.11) ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.11) ; PRKACA protein, human (EC 2.7.11.11) ; Rolipram (K676NL63N7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1108742-0
    ISSN 1460-2083 ; 0964-6906
    ISSN (online) 1460-2083
    ISSN 0964-6906
    DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddy166
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  7. Article ; Online: EMPA-REG and Other Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucose-lowering Agents: Implications for Future Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    Schernthaner, Guntram / Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Schernthaner, Gerit-Holger

    Clinical therapeutics

    2016  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 1288–1298

    Abstract: During the last decade, the armamentarium for glucose-lowering drugs has increased enormously by the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, allowing individualization of antidiabetic therapy for patients with type ... ...

    Abstract During the last decade, the armamentarium for glucose-lowering drugs has increased enormously by the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, allowing individualization of antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Some combinations can now be used without an increased risk for severe hypoglycemia and weight gain. Following a request of the US Food and Drug Administration, many large cardiovascular (CV) outcome studies have been performed in patients with longstanding disease and established CV disease. In the majority of CV outcome studies, CV risk factors were well controlled and a high number of patients were already treated with ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, statins and antiplatelet drugs. Most studies with insulin glargine and newer glucose-lowering drugs (saxagliptin, alogliptin, sitagliptin, lixisenatide) demonstrated safety of newer glucose-lowering agents but did not show superiority in the CV outcomes compared with placebo. By contrast, in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients) study, CV death, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for heart failure were significantly decreased when empagliflozin was added instead of placebo to therapy for patients with high CV risk and T2DM already well treated with statins, glucose-lowering drugs, and blood pressure-lowering drugs as well as antiplatelet agents. In addition, renal endpoints including endstage renal disease were also significantly reduced when empagliflozin was added instead of placebo. Interestingly, the reduction of these clinically relevant end points was observed after a few months, making antiatherogenic effects an unlikely cause. The fact that the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke were not reduced is in line with the hypothesis that hemodynamic factors in particular have contributed to the impressive improvement of the prognosis. To reduce the CV burden of patients with T2DM, drugs influencing factors involved in atherogenesis (eg, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, increase of HDL, prothrombotic state) are more promising. The recent IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) study documented a significant reduction in stroke and MI when pioglitazone instead of placebo was given to nondiabetic patients presenting with both stroke/transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance, confirming results from the PROactive (Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events) study in patients with T2DM. Based on these new data, we suggest that the addition of both empagliflozin and pioglitazone to metformin might be the relative best option to reduce the high CV morbidity and mortality of patients with T2DM and already established CV complications. The very recent announcement that the CV outcome study with liraglutide (LEADER) also demonstrated a significant reduction of the composite endpoint (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke) gives new hope for further beneficial treatment options for T2DM patients with established CVD.
    MeSH term(s) Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors ; Glucosides/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Pioglitazone ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Benzhydryl Compounds ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Glucosides ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Thiazolidinediones ; Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U) ; Pioglitazone (X4OV71U42S)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603113-4
    ISSN 1879-114X ; 0149-2918
    ISSN (online) 1879-114X
    ISSN 0149-2918
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.04.037
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  8. Article ; Online: Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling with human CRH stimulation in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: results from a retrospective multicenter study.

    Detomas, Mario / Ritzel, Katrin / Nasi-Kordhishti, Isabella / Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Losa, Marco / Tröger, Viola / Altieri, Barbara / Kroiss, Matthias / Kickuth, Ralph / Fassnacht, Martin / Micko, Alexander / Honegger, Jürgen / Reincke, Martin / Deutschbein, Timo

    European journal of endocrinology

    2023  

    Abstract: Objective: Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is regarded as gold standard to differentiate between Cushing´s disease (CD) and ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS). However, published data e.g. on the diagnostic value of additional prolactin ...

    Abstract Objective: Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is regarded as gold standard to differentiate between Cushing´s disease (CD) and ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS). However, published data e.g. on the diagnostic value of additional prolactin analysis is controversial. Thus, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of BIPSS with and without prolactin in a multicenter study.
    Design and methods: Retrospective study in 5 European reference centers. Patients with overt adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome at the time of BIPSS with human corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation were eligible. Cut-offs for the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) to peripheral (P) ACTH ratio and the normalized ACTH:prolactin IPS:P ratio were calculated via receiver operator characteristics analyses (reference: CD).
    Results: 156 patients with BIPSS were identified. Of these, 120 patients (92 (77%) females; 106 (88%) CD, 14 (12%) ECS) had either histopathologically confirmed tumors or biochemical remission and/or adrenal insufficiency after surgery; only this subgroup was analyzed by ROC analysis. The optimal cut-offs for the ACTH IPS:P ratio were ≥1.9 at baseline (sensitivity 82.1% (95%CI 73.2-88.6), specificity 85.7% (95%CI 56.2-97.5), AUC 0.86) and ≥2.1 at 5 minutes post-CRH (sensitivity 91.3% (95%CI 83.6-95.7), specificity 92.9%(95%CI 64.1-99.6), AUC 0.96). A subgroup underwent additional prolactin analysis. An optimal cut-off of ≥1.4 was calculated for the normalized ACTH:prolactin IPS:P ratio (sensitivity 96.0% (95%CI 77.7-99.9), specificity 100% (95%CI 56.1-100), AUC 0.99).
    Conclusion: Our study confirms the high accuracy of BIPSS in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and suggests that the simultaneous measurement of prolactin might further improve the diagnostic performance of this test.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1183856-5
    ISSN 1479-683X ; 0804-4643
    ISSN (online) 1479-683X
    ISSN 0804-4643
    DOI 10.1093/ejendo/lvad050
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  9. Article ; Online: Genetics of Diabetes Insipidus.

    Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Stratakis, Constantine A / Luger, Anton

    Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    2017  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 305–334

    Abstract: Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by polyuria and polydipsia due to inadequate release of arginine vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus) or due to arginine vasopressin insensitivity by the renal ... ...

    Abstract Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by polyuria and polydipsia due to inadequate release of arginine vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus) or due to arginine vasopressin insensitivity by the renal distal tubule, leading to a deficiency in tubular water reabsorption (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). This article reviews the genetics of diabetes insipidus in the context of its diagnosis, clinical presentation, and therapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 92116-6
    ISSN 1558-4410 ; 0889-8529
    ISSN (online) 1558-4410
    ISSN 0889-8529
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.01.002
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  10. Article ; Online: Combination therapy of SGLT2 inhibitors with incretin-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Effects and mechanisms of action.

    Schernthaner-Reiter, Marie Helene / Schernthaner, Guntram

    Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

    2016  Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 281–296

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing health problem worldwide; its pathogenesis is multifactorial and its progressive nature often necessitates a combination therapy with multiple antihyperglycemic agents. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing health problem worldwide; its pathogenesis is multifactorial and its progressive nature often necessitates a combination therapy with multiple antihyperglycemic agents. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and the incretin-based therapies - dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists - were introduced for the treatment of T2DM within the last decade. Evidence of the beneficial effects of these antihyperglycemic agents on micro- and macrovascular complications have started to emerge, which will become important in individualizing different combinations of antihyperglycemic agents to different patient populations. We review here the mechanisms of action, glycemic and cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and incretin-based therapies and their combination in the treatment of T2DM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1744-8417
    ISSN (online) 1744-8417
    DOI 10.1586/17446651.2016.1151783
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