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  1. Article ; Online: General Cu-Catalyzed C

    Godin, Éric / Santandrea, Jeffrey / Caron, Antoine / Collins, Shawn K

    Organic letters

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 15, Page(s) 5905–5909

    Abstract: Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of thiols and bromoalkynes affords a mild, rapid, and selective C ...

    Abstract Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of thiols and bromoalkynes affords a mild, rapid, and selective C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1523-7052
    ISSN (online) 1523-7052
    DOI 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Phase I/II Study of the WEE1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination with Carboplatin in Children with Advanced Malignancies: Arm C of the AcSé-ESMART Trial.

    Gatz, Susanne A / Harttrampf, Anne C / Brard, Caroline / Bautista, Francisco / André, Nicolas / Abbou, Samuel / Rubino, Jonathan / Rondof, Windy / Deloger, Marc / Rübsam, Marc / Marshall, Lynley V / Hübschmann, Daniel / Nebchi, Souad / Aerts, Isabelle / Thebaud, Estelle / De Carli, Emilie / Defachelles, Anne Sophie / Paoletti, Xavier / Godin, Robert /
    Miah, Kowser / Mortimer, Peter G S / Vassal, Gilles / Geoerger, Birgit

    Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 741–753

    Abstract: Purpose: AcSé-ESMART Arm C aimed to define the recommended dose and activity of the WEE1 inhibitor ...

    Abstract Purpose: AcSé-ESMART Arm C aimed to define the recommended dose and activity of the WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib in combination with carboplatin in children and young adults with molecularly enriched recurrent/refractory malignancies.
    Patients and methods: Adavosertib was administered orally, twice every day on Days 1 to 3 and carboplatin intravenously on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle, starting at 100 mg/m2/dose and AUC 5, respectively. Patients were enriched for molecular alterations in cell cycle and/or homologous recombination (HR).
    Results: Twenty patients (median age: 14.0 years; range: 3.4-23.5) were included; 18 received 69 treatment cycles. Dose-limiting toxicities were prolonged grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia requiring transfusions, leading to two de-escalations to adavosertib 75 mg/m2/dose and carboplatin AUC 4; no recommended phase II dose was defined. Main treatment-related toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Adavosertib exposure in children was equivalent to that in adults; both doses achieved the cell kill target. Overall response rate was 11% (95% confidence interval, 0.0-25.6) with partial responses in 2 patients with neuroblastoma. One patient with medulloblastoma experienced unconfirmed partial response and 5 patients had stable disease beyond four cycles. Seven of these eight patients with clinical benefit had alterations in HR, replication stress, and/or RAS pathway genes with or without TP53 alterations, whereas TP53 pathway alterations alone (8/10) or no relevant alterations (2/10) were present in the 10 patients without benefit.
    Conclusions: Adavosertib-carboplatin combination exhibited significant hematologic toxicity. Activity signals and identified potential biomarkers suggest further studies with less hematotoxic DNA-damaging therapy in molecularly enriched pediatric cancers.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Carboplatin/adverse effects ; Arm ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Carcinoma ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidinones
    Chemical Substances Carboplatin (BG3F62OND5) ; adavosertib (K2T6HJX3I3) ; WEE1 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidinones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1225457-5
    ISSN 1557-3265 ; 1078-0432
    ISSN (online) 1557-3265
    ISSN 1078-0432
    DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-2959
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Public health interventions, priority populations, and the impact of COVID-19 disruptions on hepatitis C elimination among people who have injected drugs in Montreal (Canada): A modeling study.

    Lanièce Delaunay, Charlotte / Klein, Marina B / Godin, Arnaud / Cox, Joseph / Kronfli, Nadine / Lebouché, Bertrand / Doyle, Carla / Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu

    The International journal on drug policy

    2023  Volume 116, Page(s) 104026

    Abstract: Background: In Montreal (Canada), high hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroincidence (21 per 100 person ...

    Abstract Background: In Montreal (Canada), high hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroincidence (21 per 100 person-years in 2017) persists among people who have injected drugs (PWID) despite relatively high testing rates and coverage of needle and syringe programs (NSP) and opioid agonist therapy (OAT). We assessed the potential of interventions to achieve HCV elimination (80% incidence reduction and 65% reduction in HCV-related mortality between 2015 and 2030) in the context of COVID-19 disruptions among all PWID and PWID living with HIV.
    Methods: Using a dynamic model of HCV-HIV co-transmission, we simulated increases in NSP (from 82% to 95%) and OAT (from 33% to 40%) coverage, HCV testing (every 6 months), or treatment rate (100 per 100 person-years) starting in 2022 among all PWID and PWID living with HIV. We also modeled treatment scale-up among active PWID only (i.e., people who report injecting in the past six months). We reduced intervention levels in 2020-2021 due to COVID-19-related disruptions. Outcomes included HCV incidence, prevalence, and mortality, and proportions of averted chronic HCV infections and deaths.
    Results: COVID-19-related disruptions could have caused temporary rebounds in HCV transmission. Further increasing NSP/OAT or HCV testing had little impact on incidence. Scaling-up treatment among all PWID achieved incidence and mortality targets among all PWID and PWID living with HIV. Focusing treatment on active PWID could achieve elimination, yet fewer projected deaths were averted (36% versus 48%).
    Conclusions: HCV treatment scale-up among all PWID will be required to eliminate HCV in high-incidence and prevalence settings. Achieving elimination by 2030 will entail concerted efforts to restore and enhance pre-pandemic levels of HCV prevention and care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hepacivirus ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/drug therapy ; Public Health ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Harm Reduction ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104026
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  4. Article ; Online: Implementing opt-out hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening in Canadian provincial prisons: A model-based cost-effectiveness analysis.

    Duchesne, Léa / Dussault, Camille / Godin, Arnaud / Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu / Kronfli, Nadine

    The International journal on drug policy

    2021  Volume 96, Page(s) 103345

    Abstract: Background: Implementing opt-out hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening across Canadian provincial ...

    Abstract Background: Implementing opt-out hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening across Canadian provincial prisons is crucial to achieving micro-elimination. Given short incarceration lengths, the most cost-effective screening strategy remains unknown. We compared the cost-effectiveness of current standard of care (venipuncture-based HCV-antibody+HCV RNA) and 13 alternative strategies in Quebec's largest provincial prison.
    Methods: A prison cohort was simulated with a Markov micro-simulation model. Strategies differed in the biomarkers, sampling methods, and number of tests used. The model considered incarceration lengths, time to linkage to care (LTC), nursing costs, and tests' costs, performances, acceptability and turnaround times. Outcomes included costs (Canadian dollars, CAD$), number of true positives linked to care, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, additional $/additional TP-L). A one-year time horizon and health-payer perspective were adopted.
    Results: Across all analyses, three strategies consistently provided the best value for money: venipuncture-based HCV-antibody+HCV-core antigen, venipuncture-based HCV-core antigen (base-case ICER=~ $720), and point-of-care HCV-antibody+HCV RNA (base-case ICER=$4,310). However, these strategies linked only 23%-29% viremic individuals to care. Main drivers of cost-effectiveness were the seroprevalence, proportion viremic, and time to LTC.
    Conclusion: Alternative strategies would be more cost-effective than standard of care for implementing opt-out screening in provincial prisons. However, interventions to maximize LTC should be explored.
    MeSH term(s) Canada ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Prisons ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103345
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Can hepatitis C elimination targets be sustained among people who inject drugs post-2030?

    Lanièce Delaunay, Charlotte / Godin, Arnaud / Kronfli, Nadine / Panagiotoglou, Dimitra / Cox, Joseph / Alary, Michel / Klein, Marina B / Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu

    The International journal on drug policy

    2021  Volume 96, Page(s) 103343

    Abstract: ... for eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030. Despite evidence informing micro-elimination strategies, little ...

    Abstract Background: In high-income countries, people who inject drugs (PWID) are a priority population for eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030. Despite evidence informing micro-elimination strategies, little is known regarding efforts needed to maintain elimination targets in populations with ongoing acquisition risks. This model-based study investigates post-elimination transmission dynamics of HCV and HIV among PWID under different scenarios where harm reduction interventions and HCV testing and treatment are scaled-down.
    Methods: We calibrated a dynamic compartmental model of concurrent HCV and HIV transmission among PWID in Montréal (Canada) to epidemiological data (2003-2018). We then simulated achieving the World Health Organization elimination targets by 2030. Finally, we assessed the impact of four post-elimination scenarios (2030-2050): 1) scaling-down testing, treatment, opioid agonist therapy (OAT), and needle and syringe programs (NSP) to pre-2020 levels; 2) only scaling-down testing and treatment; 3) suspending testing and treatment, while scaling down OAT and NSP to pre-2020 levels; 4) suspending testing and treatment and maintaining OAT and NSP coverage required for elimination.
    Results: Scaling down interventions to pre-2020 levels (scenario 1) leads to a modest rebound in chronic HCV incidence from 2.4 to 3.6 per 100 person-years by 2050 (95% credible interval - CrI: 0.8-7.2). When only scaling down testing and treatment (scenario 2), chronic HCV incidence continues to decrease. In scenario 3 (suspending treatment and scaling down OAT and NSP), HCV incidence and mortality rapidly increase to 11.4 per 100 person-years (95%CrI: 7.4-15.5) and 3.2 per 1000 person-years (95%CrI: 2.4-4.0), respectively. HCV resurgence was mitigated in scenario 4 (maintaining OAT and NSP) as compared to scenario 3. All scenarios lead to decreases in the proportion of reinfections among incident cases and have little impact on HIV incidence and HIV-HCV coinfection prevalence.
    Conclusion: Despite ongoing transmission risks, HCV incidence rebounds slowly after 2030 under pre-2020 testing and treatment levels. This is heightened by maintaining high-coverage harm reduction interventions. Overall, sustaining elimination would require considerably less effort than achieving it.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Harm Reduction ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/drug therapy ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103343
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  6. Article ; Online: Toll-like receptor 2 expression on c-kit

    Balounová, Jana / Šplíchalová, Iva / Dobešová, Martina / Kolář, Michal / Fišer, Karel / Procházka, Jan / Sedlacek, Radislav / Jurisicova, Andrea / Sung, Hoon-Ki / Kořínek, Vladimír / Alberich-Jorda, Meritxell / Godin, Isabelle / Filipp, Dominik

    Nature communications

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 5176

    Abstract: ... We provide phenotypic and functional evidence that the expression of TLR2 on E7.5 c-kit ...

    Abstract Hematopoiesis in mammalian embryos proceeds through three successive waves of hematopoietic progenitors. Since their emergence spatially and temporally overlap and phenotypic markers are often shared, the specifics regarding their origin, development, lineage restriction and mutual relationships have not been fully determined. The identification of wave-specific markers would aid to resolve these uncertainties. Here, we show that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed during early mouse embryogenesis. We provide phenotypic and functional evidence that the expression of TLR2 on E7.5 c-kit
    MeSH term(s) Adult Stem Cells/metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Mice/embryology ; Mice/genetics ; Mice/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-13150-0
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  7. Article ; Online: The role of prison-based interventions for hepatitis C virus (HCV) micro-elimination among people who inject drugs in Montréal, Canada.

    Godin, Arnaud / Kronfli, Nadine / Cox, Joseph / Alary, Michel / Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu

    The International journal on drug policy

    2020  Volume 88, Page(s) 102738

    Abstract: Background: In Canada, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission primarily occurs among people ...

    Abstract Background: In Canada, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission primarily occurs among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people with experience in the prison system bare a disproportionate disease burden. These overlapping groups of individuals have been identified as priority populations for HCV micro-elimination in Canada, which is currently not on track to achieve its elimination targets. Considering the missed opportunities to intervene in provincial prisons, this study aims to estimate the population-level impact of prison-based interventions and post-release risk reduction strategies on HCV transmission among PWID in Montréal, a Canadian city with high HCV burden.
    Methods: A dynamic HCV transmission model among PWID was developed and calibrated to community and prison bio-behavioural surveys in Montréal. Then, the relative impact of prison-based testing and treatment or post-release linkage to care (both 90% testing and 75% treatment coverage), alone or in combination with strategies that reduce the heightened post-release transmission risk by 50%, was estimated from 2018 to 2030, and compared to counterfactual scenarios.
    Results: Prison-based test-and-treat strategies could lead to the greatest declines in incidence (48%; 95%CrI: 38-57%) over 2018-2030 and prevent the most new first chronic infections (22%; 95%CrI: 16-28%) among people never exposed to HCV. Prison testing and post-release linkage to care lead to a slightly lower decrease in incidence and prevented fraction of new chronic infections. Combining test-and-treat with risk reduction measures could further its epidemiological impact, preventing 35% (95%CrI: 29-40%) of new first chronic infections. When implemented concomitantly with community-based treatment scale-up, prison-based interventions had synergistic effects, averting a higher fraction of new first chronic infections.
    Conclusion: Offering HCV testing and treatment in provincial prisons, where incarcerations are frequent and sentences short, could change the course of the HCV epidemic in Montréal. Prison-based interventions with potential integration of post-release risk reduction measures should be considered as an integral part of HCV micro-elimination strategies in this setting.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Canada/epidemiology ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/prevention & control ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Prisons ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/drug therapy ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102738
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  8. Article ; Online: Emotional reactivity, functioning, and C-reactive protein alterations in remitted bipolar patients: Clinical relevance of a dimensional approach.

    Dargél, Aroldo A / Godin, Ophelia / Etain, Bruno / Hirakata, Vânia / Azorin, Jean-Michel / M'Bailara, Katia / Bellivier, Frank / Bougerol, Thierry / Kahn, Jean-Pierre / Passerieux, Christine / Aubin, Valerie / Courtet, Philippe / Leboyer, Marion / Henry, Chantal

    The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry

    2017  Volume 51, Issue 8, Page(s) 788–798

    Abstract: ... to investigate whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of low-grade inflammation, could be ... including age, gender and subthreshold mood symptoms, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ... characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive ...

    Abstract Objectives: Inter-episode mood instability has increasingly been considered in bipolar disorder. This study aimed to investigate emotional reactivity as a major dimension for better characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms and functional status. This study also aimed to investigate whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of low-grade inflammation, could be a biological marker of emotional dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD).
    Methods: Cross-sectional study of 613 subjects who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition criteria for BD recruited from the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders cohort from 2009 to 2014. All patients had been in remission for at least 3 months before assessment. Patients were classified into three groups according to levels of emotional reactivity. Emotional reactivity was assessed by using the Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic States, and functional status was assessed by the Functioning Assessment Short Test. Clinical characteristics and blood sample were collected from all patients.
    Results: In total, 415 (68%) patients had abnormal emotional reactivity. Independent of potential confounders, including age, gender and subthreshold mood symptoms, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients with emotional hyper-reactivity (median = 4.0 mg/L, interquartile range = 2.7-5.6), and with emotional hypo-reactivity (median = 3.0 mg/L, interquartile range = 1-4) compared with patients with normal emotional reactivity (median = 0.95 mg/L, interquartile range = 0.4-1.9, p < 0.001). Patients with emotional hyper-reactivity showed significant cognitive functioning impairment ( p < 0.001).
    Conclusions: Emotional reactivity appears to be a relevant dimension for better characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein may be an objective marker of emotional dysregulation in BD. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 221140-3
    ISSN 1440-1614 ; 0004-8674
    ISSN (online) 1440-1614
    ISSN 0004-8674
    DOI 10.1177/0004867417691850
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  9. Article ; Online: Alloanti-c (RH4) revealing that the (C)ce s haplotype encodes a partial c antigen.

    Pham, Bach-Nga / Peyrard, Thierry / Juszczak, Genevieve / Auxerre, Carine / Godin, Sandrine / Bonin, Philippe / Rouger, Philippe / Le Pennec, Pierre-Yves

    Transfusion

    2009  Volume 49, Issue 7, Page(s) 1329–1334

    Abstract: Background: In the Rh blood group system, published observations showed that the c antigen has ... the fewest variant forms of the principal antigens in this system. The partial nature of the c antigen was ... the first case of alloanti-c related to a (C)ce(s) haplotype.: Study design and methods: Serologic and ...

    Abstract Background: In the Rh blood group system, published observations showed that the c antigen has the fewest variant forms of the principal antigens in this system. The partial nature of the c antigen was only reported in c+ Rh:-26 persons and to be associated with the ce(s)(340) allele. This study reports the first case of alloanti-c related to a (C)ce(s) haplotype.
    Study design and methods: Serologic and genetic studies were performed on blood samples of a multitransfused 40-year-old African patient with sickle cell disease displaying a DCcee phenotype.
    Results: Red blood cells (RBCs) of the patient displayed normal expression of C, c, e, ce antigens either with routine reagents or with monoclonal antibodies. Analyses of DNA and Rh transcripts showed that the patient carried a (C)ce(s)/DCe genotype. The patient's serum contained anti-D, anti-c, anti-E, anti-e, anti-V, anti-Js(a), and anti-S. Anti-c was isolated from the mixture of antibodies by using absorption and adsorption-elution techniques. Anti-c provided consistent reactions with c+ RBCs. Reactions were stronger with c+ ce+ RBCs than with c+ ce- RBCs. No agglutination of RBCs from individuals carrying a homozygous (C)ce(s) genotype was observed.
    Conclusion: These data provide the evidence that anti-c in our patient was an alloanti-c and, consequently, that (C)ce(s) haplotype encodes a partial c antigen. The clinical significance of anti-c related to this haplotype should be evaluated in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics ; Serologic Tests
    Chemical Substances RHCE protein, human ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02129.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates.

    Drouin, Guy / Godin, Jean-Rémi / Pagé, Benoît

    Current genomics

    2012  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) 371–378

    Abstract: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays important roles as an anti-oxidant and in collagen synthesis ... These important roles, and the relatively large amounts of vitamin C required daily, likely explain why most ... vitamin C as well as their implications. In all cases so far studied, the inability to synthesize vitamin C ...

    Abstract Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays important roles as an anti-oxidant and in collagen synthesis. These important roles, and the relatively large amounts of vitamin C required daily, likely explain why most vertebrate species are able to synthesize this compound. Surprisingly, many species, such as teleost fishes, anthropoid primates, guinea pigs, as well as some bat and Passeriformes bird species, have lost the capacity to synthesize it. Here, we review the genetic bases behind the repeated losses in the ability to synthesize vitamin C as well as their implications. In all cases so far studied, the inability to synthesize vitamin C is due to mutations in the L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (GLO) gene which codes for the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step of vitamin C biosynthesis. The bias for mutations in this particular gene is likely due to the fact that losing it only affects vitamin C production. Whereas the GLO gene mutations in fish, anthropoid primates and guinea pigs are irreversible, some of the GLO pseudogenes found in bat species have been shown to be reactivated during evolution. The same phenomenon is thought to have occurred in some Passeriformes bird species. Interestingly, these GLO gene losses and reactivations are unrelated to the diet of the species involved. This suggests that losing the ability to make vitamin C is a neutral trait.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-12
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2033677-9
    ISSN 1875-5488 ; 1389-2029
    ISSN (online) 1875-5488
    ISSN 1389-2029
    DOI 10.2174/138920211796429736
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