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  1. Article: Reduced Sodium Current in the Lateral Ventricular Wall Induces Inferolateral J-Waves.

    Meijborg, Veronique M F / Potse, Mark / Conrath, Chantal E / Belterman, Charly N W / De Bakker, Jacques M T / Coronel, Ruben

    Frontiers in physiology

    2016  Volume 7, Page(s) 365

    Abstract: Background: J-waves in inferolateral leads are associated with a higher risk for idiopathic ... for inferolateral J-waves. We hypothesized that inferolateral J-waves can be caused by regional delayed activation ... to evaluate how J-point elevation is influenced by reducing sodium current conductivity (GNa), increasing ...

    Abstract Background: J-waves in inferolateral leads are associated with a higher risk for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. We aimed to test potential mechanisms (depolarization or repolarization dependent) responsible for inferolateral J-waves. We hypothesized that inferolateral J-waves can be caused by regional delayed activation of myocardium that is activated late during normal conditions.
    Methods: Computer simulations were performed to evaluate how J-point elevation is influenced by reducing sodium current conductivity (GNa), increasing transient outward current conductivity (Gto), or cellular uncoupling in three predefined ventricular regions (lateral, anterior, or septal). Two pig hearts were Langendorff-perfused with selective perfusion with a sodium channel blocker of lateral or anterior/septal regions. Volume-conducted pseudo-electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded to detect the presence of J-waves. Epicardial unipolar electrograms were simultaneously recorded to obtain activation times (AT).
    Results: Simulation data showed that conduction slowing, caused by reduced sodium current, in lateral, but not in other regions induced inferolateral J-waves. An increase in transient outward potassium current or cellular uncoupling in the lateral zone elicited slight J-point elevations which did not meet J-wave criteria. Additional conduction slowing in the entire heart attenuated J-waves and J-point elevations on the ECG, because of masking by the QRS. Experimental data confirmed that conduction slowing attributed to sodium channel blockade in the left lateral but not in the anterior/septal ventricular region induced inferolateral J-waves. J-waves coincided with the delayed activation.
    Conclusion: Reduced sodium current in the left lateral ventricular myocardium can cause inferolateral J-waves on the ECG.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2016.00365
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Marker and readout genes for defense priming in Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis interaction aid understanding systemic immunity in Arabidopsis.

    Sistenich, Andrea J / Fürtauer, Lisa / Scheele, Franziska / Conrath, Uwe

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3489

    Abstract: Following localized infection, the entire plant foliage becomes primed for enhanced defense. However, specific genes induced during defense priming (priming-marker genes) and those showing increased expression in defense-primed plants upon rechallenge ( ... ...

    Abstract Following localized infection, the entire plant foliage becomes primed for enhanced defense. However, specific genes induced during defense priming (priming-marker genes) and those showing increased expression in defense-primed plants upon rechallenge (priming-readout genes) remain largely unknown. In our Arabidopsis thaliana study, genes AT1G76960 (function unknown), CAX3 (encoding a vacuolar Ca
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis/physiology ; Pseudomonas/genetics ; Pseudomonas/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Immunity/genetics ; Pseudomonas syringae/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Arabidopsis Proteins ; RLP23 protein, Arabidopsis ; Receptors, Cell Surface
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-53982-5
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  3. Article ; Online: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: The value of a computerized monitoring system to limit their spread.

    Colas, Anaïs / Regad, Marie / Faivre, Vincent / Conrath, Elodie / Lizon, Julie / Florentin, Arnaud

    Infectious diseases now

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 6, Page(s) 104724

    Abstract: Objective: To quickly implement Infection Prevention and Control measures ("search and isolate" strategy), a computerized monitoring system for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) carrier ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To quickly implement Infection Prevention and Control measures ("search and isolate" strategy), a computerized monitoring system for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) carrier and contact patients has been developed in our hospital since 2014. The objectives were to assess the value of a computerized monitoring system in CPE and VRE management and to evaluate the relevance of extended monitoring of all contact patients.
    Methods: Using the data extracted from the computerized system, we conducted a descriptive analysis of CPE and VRE carriers detected from 2004 to 2019 and CPE and VRE extensive contact patients (when hospital stay overlapped with the stay of a carrier in the same unit) from 2014 to 2019.
    Results: Between 2015 and 2019 (microbiological data only available during this period), 113 CPE and 558 VRE carriers were registered in the database (DB). Among them, 33.9% CPE and 12.8% VRE carriers were infected (p = 0.02). The most frequent infections were urinary tract infections (52.0%), bloodstream infections (20.0%) and pneumonia (16.0%). Close to 8000 (7679) extended contact patients were exposed. Only 26.2% of them were removed from the DB because of appropriate negative post-exposure rectal screenings. No rectal screening was performed in 33.5% of contact patients. Between 2014 and 2019, 16 outbreaks occurred. The proportion of infected carriers differed significantly between outbreaks (index cases) and non-epidemic episodes (50.0% and 20.5% respectively, p = 0.03). The detection system was able to control diffusion in 99.7% of readmissions of known carriers. Among the 360 readmissions detected by the system, only one was involved in an outbreak due to non-compliance with infection control measures.
    Conclusion: Given the low screening completion rate (26.2%) and the low detection rate (1.3%), extended monitoring of contact patients does not seem relevant. After five years of use, the computerized monitoring system has demonstrated its effectiveness in terms of responsiveness and limitation of the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ; Vancomycin ; Enterococcus faecium ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention & control ; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
    Chemical Substances Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-9919
    ISSN (online) 2666-9919
    DOI 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104724
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  4. Article ; Online: Quelles lentilles d'examen et comment les utiliser correctement ?

    Conrath, J

    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie

    2012  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 367–370

    Abstract: The vitreous is examined with the slit lamp, either alone for observation of the anterior third of the vitreous body or by placement of a lens between the slit lamp and the patient's eye for observation of the rest. Several types of lens are available, ... ...

    Title translation Which lenses to use for examination of the vitreous and how to use them properly.
    Abstract The vitreous is examined with the slit lamp, either alone for observation of the anterior third of the vitreous body or by placement of a lens between the slit lamp and the patient's eye for observation of the rest. Several types of lens are available, both convex and concave, with or without contact, allowing for observation of the different parts of the vitreous and retina. Rules concerning positioning of the slit lamp, the lens, and the patient must be followed to obtain the maximum amount of information.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/instrumentation ; Humans ; Vitreous Body/pathology
    Language French
    Publishing date 2012-05
    Publishing country France
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 426662-6
    ISSN 1773-0597 ; 0181-5512
    ISSN (online) 1773-0597
    ISSN 0181-5512
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.02.004
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  5. Article ; Online: Spotting priming-active compounds using parsley cell cultures in microtiter plates.

    Hoffmann, Kyra / Schilling, Jana Viola / Wandrey, Georg / Welters, Tim / Mahr, Stefan / Conrath, Uwe / Büchs, Jochen

    BMC plant biology

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 72

    Abstract: Background: Conventional crop protection has major drawbacks, such as developing pest and pathogen insensitivity to pesticides and low environmental compatibility. Therefore, alternative crop protection strategies are needed. One promising approach ... ...

    Abstract Background: Conventional crop protection has major drawbacks, such as developing pest and pathogen insensitivity to pesticides and low environmental compatibility. Therefore, alternative crop protection strategies are needed. One promising approach treats crops with chemical compounds that induce the primed state of enhanced defense. However, identifying priming compounds is often tedious as it requires offline sampling and analysis. High throughput screening methods for the analysis of priming-active compounds have great potential to simplify the search for such compounds. One established method to identify priming makes use of parsley cell cultures. This method relies on measurement of fluorescence of furanocoumarins in the final sample. This study demonstrates for the first time the online measurement of furanocoumarins in microtiter plates. As not all plants produce fluorescence molecules as immune response, a signal, which is not restricted to a specific plant is required, to extend online screening methods to other plant cell cultures. It was shown that the breathing activity of primed parsley cell cultures increases, compared to unprimed parsley cell cultures. The breathing activity can by monitored online. Therefore, online identification of priming-inducing compounds by recording breathing activity represents a promising, straight-forward and highly informative approach. However, so far breathing has been recorded in shake flasks which suffer from low throughput. For industrial application we here report a high-throughput, online identification method for identifying priming-inducing chemistry.
    Results: This study describes the development of a high-throughput screening system that enables identifying and analyzing the impact of defense priming-inducing compounds in microtiter plates. This screening system relies on the breathing activity of parsley cell cultures. The validity of measuring the breathing activity in microtiter plates to drawing conclusions regarding priming-inducing activity was demonstrated. Furthermore, for the first time, the fluorescence of the priming-active reference compound salicylic acid and of furanocoumarins were simultaneously monitored online. Dose and time studies with salicylic acid-treated parsley cell suspensions revealed a wide range of possible addition times and concentrations that cause priming. The online fluorescence measuring method was further confirmed with three additional compounds with known priming-causing activity.
    Conclusions: Determining the OTR, fluorescence of the priming-active chemical compound SA and of furanocoumarins in parsley suspension cultures in MTPs by online measurement is a powerful and high-throughput tool to study possible priming compounds. It allows an in-depth screening for priming compounds and a better understanding of the priming process induced by a given substance. Evaluation of priming phenomena via OTR should also be applicable to cell suspensions of other plant species and varieties and allow screening for priming-inducing chemical compounds in intact plants. These online fluorescence methods to measure the breathing activity, furanocoumarin and SA have the potential to accelerate the search for new priming compounds and promote priming as a promising, eco-friendly crop protection strategy.
    MeSH term(s) Petroselinum ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Salicylic Acid ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Furocoumarins
    Chemical Substances Salicylic Acid (O414PZ4LPZ) ; Furocoumarins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2059868-3
    ISSN 1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
    ISSN (online) 1471-2229
    ISSN 1471-2229
    DOI 10.1186/s12870-023-04043-y
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  6. Article ; Online: Implants d’acétonide de fluocinolone et de dexaméthasone en peropératoire.

    Matonti, F / Conrath, J / Devin, F / Morin, B R / Morel, C

    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie

    2021  Volume 44, Issue 7, Page(s) 1100–1101

    Title translation Intraoperative photo of fluocinolone acetonide and dexamethasone implants.
    MeSH term(s) Dexamethasone ; Drug Implants ; Fluocinolone Acetonide/adverse effects ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Humans ; Macular Edema
    Chemical Substances Drug Implants ; Glucocorticoids ; Fluocinolone Acetonide (0CD5FD6S2M) ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
    Language French
    Publishing date 2021-05-18
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 426662-6
    ISSN 1773-0597 ; 0181-5512
    ISSN (online) 1773-0597
    ISSN 0181-5512
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.11.029
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  7. Article ; Online: Disclosure of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid-responsive genes provides a molecular tool for deciphering stress responses in soybean.

    Beyer, Sebastian F / Bel, Paloma Sánchez / Flors, Victor / Schultheiss, Holger / Conrath, Uwe / Langenbach, Caspar J G

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 20600

    Abstract: Hormones orchestrate the physiology of organisms. Measuring the activity of defense hormone-responsive genes can help understanding immune signaling and facilitate breeding for plant health. However, different from model species like Arabidopsis, genes ... ...

    Abstract Hormones orchestrate the physiology of organisms. Measuring the activity of defense hormone-responsive genes can help understanding immune signaling and facilitate breeding for plant health. However, different from model species like Arabidopsis, genes that respond to defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have not been disclosed in the soybean crop. We performed global transcriptome analyses to fill this knowledge gap. Upon exogenous application, endogenous levels of SA and JA increased in leaves. SA predominantly activated genes linked to systemic acquired resistance and defense signaling whereas JA mainly activated wound response-associated genes. In general, SA-responsive genes were activated earlier than those responding to JA. Consistent with the paradigm of biotrophic pathogens predominantly activating SA responses, free SA and here identified most robust SA marker genes GmNIMIN1, GmNIMIN1.2 and GmWRK40 were induced upon inoculation with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, whereas JA marker genes did not respond to infection with the biotrophic fungus. Spodoptera exigua larvae caused a strong accumulation of JA-Ile and JA-specific mRNA transcripts of GmBPI1, GmKTI1 and GmAAT whereas neither free SA nor SA-marker gene transcripts accumulated upon insect feeding. Our study provides molecular tools for monitoring the dynamic accumulation of SA and JA, e.g. in a given stress condition.
    MeSH term(s) Cyclopentanes/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/pharmacology ; Gene Expression/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics ; Oxylipins/metabolism ; Oxylipins/pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology ; Salicylic Acid/metabolism ; Salicylic Acid/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Glycine max/genetics ; Glycine max/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Stress, Physiological/physiology ; Transcriptome/genetics
    Chemical Substances Cyclopentanes ; Oxylipins ; Plant Growth Regulators ; jasmonic acid (6RI5N05OWW) ; Salicylic Acid (O414PZ4LPZ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-00209-6
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  8. Article ; Online: Les facteurs de récidive du décollement de rétine.

    Conrath, J

    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie

    2007  Volume 30, Issue 8, Page(s) 847–851

    Abstract: Surgical treatment of inaugural retinal detachment achieves anatomical success in approximately 85%-90% of cases after one operation and up to 94%-96% after two or more operations. Recurrent detachment may occur more or less frequently after a variable ... ...

    Title translation Risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment.
    Abstract Surgical treatment of inaugural retinal detachment achieves anatomical success in approximately 85%-90% of cases after one operation and up to 94%-96% after two or more operations. Recurrent detachment may occur more or less frequently after a variable lapse of time. Early recurrences occur within 6 weeks following the first surgery and late recurrences more than 6 weeks later. Insufficient treatment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) are the main causes of early recurrence. Late recurrences are mainly caused by vitreous base traction, but the literature has few reports on these cases. Prevention of recurrence requires careful surgery and reasonable use of cryo while waiting for a proven pharmacological treatment of PVR.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Recurrence ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; Retinal Detachment/epidemiology ; Retinal Detachment/surgery ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors
    Language French
    Publishing date 2007-10-25
    Publishing country France
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 426662-6
    ISSN 1773-0597 ; 0181-5512
    ISSN (online) 1773-0597
    ISSN 0181-5512
    DOI 10.1016/s0181-5512(07)92625-x
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  9. Article ; Online: Traitement médical de l'oedème maculaire.

    Conrath, J

    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie

    2007  Volume 30, Issue 7, Page(s) 748–756

    Abstract: Macular edema was first described more than a century ago, and its medical treatment has made great progress thanks to recent pharmacological advances. Administration is topical, local (peri- or intraocular), or systemic. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ... ...

    Title translation Medical treatment of macular edema.
    Abstract Macular edema was first described more than a century ago, and its medical treatment has made great progress thanks to recent pharmacological advances. Administration is topical, local (peri- or intraocular), or systemic. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids are the mainstay therapy when inflammation is involved, as well as acetazolamide in many cases. More recently, molecules such as protein kinase-C- beta inhibitors and anti-VEGF agents are already or will soon be available, to add to our therapeutic armamentarium. Perhaps combination therapy will become popular, as is the case with age-related macular degeneration.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Macular Edema/therapy ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Diuretics ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Protein Kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)
    Language French
    Publishing date 2007-08-29
    Publishing country France
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 426662-6
    ISSN 1773-0597 ; 0181-5512
    ISSN (online) 1773-0597
    ISSN 0181-5512
    DOI 10.1016/s0181-5512(07)91368-6
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  10. Article ; Online: Engineered coumarin accumulation reduces mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress and disease susceptibility.

    Beesley, Alexander / Beyer, Sebastian F / Wanders, Verena / Levecque, Sophie / Bredenbruch, Sandra / Habash, Samer S / Schleker, A Sylvia S / Gätgens, Jochem / Oldiges, Marco / Schultheiss, Holger / Conrath, Uwe / Langenbach, Caspar J G

    Plant biotechnology journal

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) 2490–2506

    Abstract: Coumarins can fight pathogens and are thus promising for crop protection. Their biosynthesis, however, has not yet been engineered in crops. We tailored the constitutive accumulation of coumarins in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, Glycine max and ... ...

    Abstract Coumarins can fight pathogens and are thus promising for crop protection. Their biosynthesis, however, has not yet been engineered in crops. We tailored the constitutive accumulation of coumarins in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana plants, as well as in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. We did so by overexpressing A. thaliana feruloyl-CoA 6-hydroxylase 1 (AtF6'H1), encoding the key enzyme of scopoletin biosynthesis. Besides scopoletin and its glucoside scopolin, esculin at low level was the only other coumarin detected in transgenic cells. Mechanical damage of scopolin-accumulating tissue led to a swift release of scopoletin, presumably from the scopolin pool. High scopolin levels in A. thaliana roots coincided with reduced susceptibility to the root-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii. In addition, transgenic soybean plants were more tolerant to the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Fusarium virguliforme. Because mycotoxin-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death were reduced in the AtF6'H1-overexpressors, the weaker sensitivity to F. virguliforme may be caused by attenuated oxidative damage of coumarin-hyperaccumulating cells. Together, engineered coumarin accumulation is promising for enhanced disease resilience of crops.
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Scopoletin/metabolism ; Mycotoxins/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility/metabolism ; Coumarins/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Plant Roots/genetics ; Plant Roots/metabolism
    Chemical Substances coumarin (A4VZ22K1WT) ; Scopoletin (KLF1HS0SXJ) ; Mycotoxins ; Coumarins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2136367-5
    ISSN 1467-7652 ; 1467-7652
    ISSN (online) 1467-7652
    ISSN 1467-7652
    DOI 10.1111/pbi.14144
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