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  1. Book: The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery

    Steele, Scott R. / Hull, Tracy L. / Whitlow, Charles B. / Maykel, Justin A. / Read, Thomas E. / Hyman, Neil

    2021  

    Abstract: This book serves as a valuable resource for surgeons and health care providers at all stages of their career caring for patients with colorectal disease. This edition provides all newly written chapters, organized around the “pillars” of colorectal ... ...

    Author's details Scott R. Steele§Chairman, Department of Colorectal Surgery §Rupert B. Turnbull, M.D. Endowed Chair in Colorectal Surgery§Cleveland Clinic§Cleveland OH§USA Tracy L. Hull§Professor of Surgery§Cleveland Clinic§Department of Colorectal Surgery§Cleveland, OH§USA Neil Hyman§Professor of Surgery§Co-Director, Center for Digestive Disease §Chief, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery §University of Chicago Medical Center §Chicago, IL§USA Justin A. Maykel §Professor of Surgery §Chief, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery §University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center §Worcester, MA§USA Thomas E. Read§Cracchiolo Family Professor of Surgery§Chief, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery§University of Florida College of Medicine§Gainesville, FL§USA Charles B. Whitlow§Chairman, Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery §Ochsner Clinic §New Orleans, LA§USA §
    Abstract This book serves as a valuable resource for surgeons and health care providers at all stages of their career caring for patients with colorectal disease. This edition provides all newly written chapters, organized around the “pillars” of colorectal disease: perioperative (including endoscopy); anorectal disease; benign disease (including inflammatory bowel disease); malignancy; pelvic floor disorders; and a “miscellaneous” section that covers aspects both inside and beyond the operating room....
    Keywords Praxisbuch ; MHMS010 ; anorectal disease ; Benign Colorectal Disease ; Colorectal Cancer ; endoscopy ; pelvic floor disorders ; Perioperative Evaluation ; Anorectal disease ; Endoscopy ; Pelvic Floor Disorders
    Language English
    Size 1260 p.
    Edition 4
    Publisher Springer International Publishing
    Document type Book
    Note PDA Manuell_12
    Format 215 x 285 x 60
    ISBN 9783030660482 ; 3030660486
    Database PDA

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  2. Article ; Online: Time to broaden the screening strategy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection beyond the emergency department.

    Kalo, Eric / Baig, Asma / Read, Scott / Ahlenstiel, Golo

    JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 101040

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5559
    ISSN (online) 2589-5559
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101040
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  3. Article: Attitudes towards transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in Australia: a national survey of TIPS centres.

    Kalo, Eric / Read, Scott / George, Jacob / Roberts, Stuart K / Majumdar, Avik / Ahlenstiel, Golo

    BMJ open gastroenterology

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a minimally invasive therapeutic option to treat the sequelae of portal hypertension. It is unclear whether current international recommendations are reflected in current clinical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a minimally invasive therapeutic option to treat the sequelae of portal hypertension. It is unclear whether current international recommendations are reflected in current clinical practice across Australia and the extent of variations in care. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge and benchmark the current landscape of TIPS services in Australia against international guidelines.
    Methods: We designed a 42-item questionnaire according to practice-based recommendations and standards of international guidelines to investigate current landscape of TIPS service across four key domains: (1) service provision, (2) patient selection and indications, (3) best procedure practice, and (4) postoperative care.
    Results: Gastroenterologist/hepatologists from 23 major liver centres (67.6%) across Australia currently performing TIPS completed the questionnaire. Between 2017 and 2020, there were 456 elective TIPS insertions. Units offering TIPS service had a low median number of TIPS insertions (n=7 per annum). More than half of respondents (56.5%) did not have institutional clinical practice protocols. There was marked variation in practices across institutions in terms of TIPS indications and patient selection. Despite variations, the success rate of elective TIPS was high at 91.7% (79-100%), with 86.6% (29-100%) for rescue TIPS. There was significant variation in postoperative follow-up and care.
    Conclusion: Current TIPS practice in Australia varies significantly across institutions. There is a need for a national consensus clinical practice guidelines to improve access and minimise unwarranted variation. A national registry for TIPS could measure, monitor, and report on quality of clinical care and patient outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic/methods ; Hypertension, Portal/surgery ; Hypertension, Portal/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Australia/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2054-4774
    ISSN 2054-4774
    DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001308
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  4. Article ; Online: Diurnal changes in choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography indices over 24 hours in healthy young adults.

    Lal, Barsha / Alonso-Caneiro, David / Read, Scott A / Carkeet, Andrew

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3551

    Abstract: This prospective study investigated the magnitude and pattern of variation in choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) indices every 4 h over 24 h in healthy young myopic (n = 24) and non-myopic (n = 20) adults. Choriocapillaris and ... ...

    Abstract This prospective study investigated the magnitude and pattern of variation in choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) indices every 4 h over 24 h in healthy young myopic (n = 24) and non-myopic (n = 20) adults. Choriocapillaris and deep choroid en-face images from macular OCT-A scans were analysed from each session to extract magnification-corrected vascular indices including choriocapillaris flow deficit number, size and density and deep choroid perfusion density in the sub-foveal, sub-parafoveal, and sub-perifoveal regions. Choroidal thickness was also obtained from structural OCT scans. Significant variations over 24 h (P < 0.05) were observed in most of the choroidal OCT-A indices excluding sub-perifoveal flow deficit number, with peaks observed between 2 to 6 AM. For myopes, peaks occurred significantly earlier (3-5 h), and the diurnal amplitude was significantly greater for sub-foveal flow deficit density (P = 0.02) and deep choroidal perfusion density (P = 0.03) compared with non-myopes. Choroidal thickness also showed significant diurnal changes (P < 0.05) with peaks between 2 to 4 AM. Significant correlations were found between diurnal amplitudes or acrophases of choroidal OCT-A indices and choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure, and systemic blood pressure. This provides the first comprehensive diurnal assessment of choroidal OCT-A indices over 24 h.
    MeSH term(s) Young Adult ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Angiography ; Choroid/diagnostic imaging ; Fovea Centralis ; Myopia/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-30433-1
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  5. Article ; Online: Changes in retinal and choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography indices among young adults and children over 1 year.

    Lal, Barsha / Alonso-Caneiro, David / Read, Scott A / Carkeet, Andrew

    Clinical & experimental optometry

    2023  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Clinical relevance: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) indices are likely to change across time and optometrists should be aware of the variability expected during childhood development and in healthy adults.: Background: Cross- ... ...

    Abstract Clinical relevance: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) indices are likely to change across time and optometrists should be aware of the variability expected during childhood development and in healthy adults.
    Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown that OCT-A indices are associated with age in adults and children. The aim of this study is to investigate longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal OCT-A indices over 1 year among healthy children and young adults.
    Methods: This prospective longitudinal study captured macular OCT-A and OCT scans, and biometry measures at baseline and 1-year follow-up for 22 adults (18-30 years; -6.87 to +0.37 D) and 21 children (6-15 years; -5.75 to +0.25 D). Superficial and deep retinal layer, choriocapillaris and deep choroidal en face OCT-A images were analysed to extract magnification-corrected vascular indices in foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal regions. The retinal indices included foveal avascular zone metrics, perfusion, and vessel density. Flow deficit number, size, and density were extracted from choriocapillaris and perfusion density from deep choroid. Associations between annual changes in the OCT-A indices and axial length and baseline refraction were also studied.
    Results: Among children, significant reductions were noted only in parafoveal superficial retinal and foveal and perifoveal deep retinal layer indices over 1 year (
    Conclusions: Significant changes were noted in retinal OCT-A indices over 1 year among children but not adults. In comparison, choroidal OCT-A indices in adults and children showed a stable morphology over this period of time.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639275-1
    ISSN 1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
    ISSN (online) 1444-0938
    ISSN 0816-4622
    DOI 10.1080/08164622.2023.2259907
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  6. Article ; Online: Evolution of risk prediction models for post-operative mortality in patients with cirrhosis.

    Kalo, Eric / George, Jacob / Read, Scott / Majumdar, Avik / Ahlenstiel, Golo

    Hepatology international

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 542–545

    Abstract: The perception of high surgical risk among patients with cirrhosis has resulted in a long-standing reluctance to operate. Risk stratification tools, first implemented over 60 years ago, have attempted to assess mortality risk among cirrhotic patients and ...

    Abstract The perception of high surgical risk among patients with cirrhosis has resulted in a long-standing reluctance to operate. Risk stratification tools, first implemented over 60 years ago, have attempted to assess mortality risk among cirrhotic patients and ensure the best possible outcomes for this difficult to treat cohort. Existing postoperative risk prediction tools including the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) provide some prediction of risk in counselling patients and their families but tend to overestimate surgical risk. More personalised prediction algorithms such as the Mayo Risk Score and VOCAL-Penn score that incorporate surgery-specific risks have demonstrated a significant improvement in prognostication and can ultimately aid multidisciplinary team determination of potential risks. The development of future risk scores will need to incorporate, first and foremost, predictive efficacy, but perhaps just as important is the feasibility and usability by front-line healthcare professionals to ensure timely and efficient prediction of risk for cirrhotic patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; End Stage Liver Disease ; Severity of Illness Index ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/surgery ; Fibrosis ; Risk Factors ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2270316-0
    ISSN 1936-0541 ; 1936-0533
    ISSN (online) 1936-0541
    ISSN 1936-0533
    DOI 10.1007/s12072-023-10494-0
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  7. Article ; Online: Prevalence of vision conditions in children in a very remote Australian community.

    Read, Scott A / Hopkins, Shelley / Black, Alex A / Bentley, Sharon A / Scott, John / Wood, Joanne M

    Clinical & experimental optometry

    2022  Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–201

    Abstract: Clinical relevance: Understanding the prevalence of vision conditions in a population is critical for determining the most appropriate strategies for detecting and correcting eye conditions in a community. This is particularly important in very remote ... ...

    Abstract Clinical relevance: Understanding the prevalence of vision conditions in a population is critical for determining the most appropriate strategies for detecting and correcting eye conditions in a community. This is particularly important in very remote regions where access to vision testing services is limited.
    Background: Although recent studies have provided detailed analyses of the prevalence of vision conditions in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children in urban and regional areas of Australia, there is a paucity of research examining vision conditions in children in remote regions. Importantly, a significant proportion of the population in remote and very remote regions identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.
    Methods: Comprehensive eye examinations were provided to 193 primary school children in a very remote Australian region. Ninety eight percent of children identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. The eye examination included measures of visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, binocular vision and accommodative function, ocular health and colour vision. Previous history of eye examinations and refractive correction were assessed through parental questionnaire.
    Results: Although the average unaided vision in the population was good (mean: 0.02 ± 0.13 logMAR) and the prevalence of reduced unaided visual acuity (>0.3 logMAR in either eye) was low (4%), vision conditions were detected in 32% of children. The most common conditions were clinically significant refractive errors (18% of children) and binocular vision or accommodative disorders (16%). Of the total population of children tested, 10% had previously had an eye examination, and 2% were reported to have previously been prescribed spectacles.
    Conclusions: In this population of children in a very remote Australian region, up to 1 in 3 children had a vision condition, with many of these conditions being uncorrected and undetected. These findings highlight the important need for additional resources to be made available to very remote communities for the detection and correction of vision conditions in childhood.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Australia/epidemiology ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639275-1
    ISSN 1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
    ISSN (online) 1444-0938
    ISSN 0816-4622
    DOI 10.1080/08164622.2022.2133597
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  8. Article ; Online: Looking and seeing beyond 2020.

    Vincent, Stephen J / Read, Scott A

    Clinical & experimental optometry

    2019  Volume 103, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Optometry/trends ; Periodicals as Topic/trends ; Professional Practice/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 639275-1
    ISSN 1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
    ISSN (online) 1444-0938
    ISSN 0816-4622
    DOI 10.1111/cxo.12993
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  9. Article ; Online: Hyperopia in schoolchildren: Investigating the impact on vision and determining appropriate methods for screening.

    Hopkins, Shelley / Read, Scott A / Cox, Rebecca A / Oduro, Bright A / Strang, Niall / Wood, Joanne M

    Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–51

    Abstract: Introduction: Hyperopia is associated with reduced vision and educational outcomes in schoolchildren. This study explored the impact of clinically significant hyperopia (≥+2.00 D) on visual function in schoolchildren and compared the ability of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Hyperopia is associated with reduced vision and educational outcomes in schoolchildren. This study explored the impact of clinically significant hyperopia (≥+2.00 D) on visual function in schoolchildren and compared the ability of different screening tests (alone and in combination) to detect this level of hyperopia.
    Methods: Vision testing including monocular logMAR visual acuity (VA) measured to threshold (distance [DVA], near [NVA] and DVA through a plus lens [+2.50 D]), stereoacuity and cycloplegic autorefraction (tropicamide 1%) were undertaken on 263 schoolchildren (mean age: 11.76 years ± 3.38) in Queensland, Australia. Vision measures were compared between children with clinically significant hyperopia in at least one meridian (≥+2.00 D) and emmetropia/low hyperopia (>0.00 and <+2.00 D). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to identify optimal pass/fail criteria for each test and the diagnostic accuracy of individual and combinations of tests.
    Results: Thirty-two children had clinically significant hyperopia and 225 had emmetropia/low hyperopia. DVA and NVA were worse (p < 0.01), while the difference in DVA through a plus lens was less in children with clinically significant hyperopia (p < 0.01). ROC analysis for individual tests resulted in areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.65 to 0.85. Combining screening tests revealed that failing one or more of the following tests was most effective for detecting hyperopia: DVA, NVA and difference in DVA through a plus lens, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 81%, respectively.
    Conclusion: Significant differences in visual function existed between schoolchildren with clinically significant hyperopia and emmetropia/low hyperopia. Combining measures of DVA and NVA and the difference in DVA through a plus lens demonstrated good discriminative ability for detecting clinically significant hyperopia in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Hyperopia/diagnosis ; Visual Acuity ; Vision Tests ; Emmetropia ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vision Screening/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604564-9
    ISSN 1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
    ISSN (online) 1475-1313
    ISSN 0275-5408
    DOI 10.1111/opo.13236
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  10. Article ; Online: When tomorrow comes: A prospective risk assessment of a future artificial general intelligence-based uncrewed combat aerial vehicle system.

    Salmon, Paul M / McLean, Scott / Carden, Tony / King, Brandon J / Thompson, Jason / Baber, Chris / Stanton, Neville A / Read, Gemma J M

    Applied ergonomics

    2024  Volume 117, Page(s) 104245

    Abstract: There are concerns that Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) could pose an existential threat to humanity; however, as AGI does not yet exist it is difficult to prospectively identify risks and develop requisite controls. We applied the Work Domain ... ...

    Abstract There are concerns that Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) could pose an existential threat to humanity; however, as AGI does not yet exist it is difficult to prospectively identify risks and develop requisite controls. We applied the Work Domain Analysis Broken Nodes (WDA-BN) and Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork-Broken Links (EAST-BL) methods to identify potential risks in a future 'envisioned world' AGI-based uncrewed combat aerial vehicle system. The findings suggest five main categories of risk in this context: sub-optimal performance risks, goal alignment risks, super-intelligence risks, over-control risks, and enfeeblement risks. Two of these categories, goal alignment risks and super-intelligence risks, have not previously been encountered or dealt with in conventional safety management systems. Whereas most of the identified sub-optimal performance risks can be managed through existing defence design lifecycle processes, we propose that work is required to develop controls to manage the other risks identified. These include controls on AGI developers, controls within the AGI itself, and broader sociotechnical system controls.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Artificial Intelligence ; Risk Assessment ; Safety Management ; Intelligence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2003513-5
    ISSN 1872-9126 ; 0003-6870
    ISSN (online) 1872-9126
    ISSN 0003-6870
    DOI 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104245
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