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Article ; Online: The environmental health impacts of Russia’s war on Ukraine

Daniel Hryhorczuk / Barry S. Levy / Mykola Prodanchuk / Oleksandr Kravchuk / Nataliia Bubalo / Alex Hryhorczuk / Timothy B. Erickson

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 ignited the largest ... displaced more than 11 million people. Russia’s military forces have caused extensive damage to civilian ... infrastructure. The war has devastated Ukraine’s economy and reduced food and energy security in many countries ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 ignited the largest armed conflict in Europe since World War II. Ukrainian government agencies, civil society organizations, and international agencies have gathered an unprecedented amount of data about the impact of war on the environment, which is often the silent victim of war. We review these data and highlight the limitations of international governance for protection of the environment during time of war. Methods We performed an integrative review of academic, institutional, and media information resources using the search terms “Ukraine”, “Russia”, “war”, “environment”, “health”, “human rights”, “international humanitarian law”, “international human rights law”, “ecocide”, and “war crimes”. Main text Nearly 500,000 military personnel have been killed or wounded during the war, and more than 30,000 civilians have been killed or injured. Indirect health effects of the war have likely accounted for an even greater amount of civilian morbidity and mortality. The war has displaced more than 11 million people. Russia’s military forces have caused extensive damage to civilian infrastructure. The war has devastated Ukraine’s economy and reduced food and energy security in many countries. The war has caused more than $56.4 billion in damage to the environment. There has been widespread chemical contamination of air, water, and soil, and 30% of Ukraine has been contaminated with landmines and unexploded ordnance. Landscape destruction, shelling, wildfires, deforestation, and pollution have adversely affected 30% of Ukraine’s protected areas. Russia’s seizure of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant and destruction of the Nova Kakhovka Dam have posed risks of long-term environmental catastrophe. Most of these environmental impacts threaten human health. Conclusion In addition to enormous human costs, Russia’s war on Ukraine has had devastating impacts on the natural environment and the built environment. International law mandates that methods of ...
Keywords	Environment ; War ; Public health ; Ukraine ; Russia ; Ecocide ; Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969
Subject code	320 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Cannabis legalization in the U.S. Where do we go from here?

Martins, Silvia S / Levy, Natalie S / Bruzelius, Emilie / Segura, Luis E

Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy

2022 Volume 44, Issue suppl 1, Page(s) e20220001

MeSH term(s)	Cannabis/adverse effects ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2708374-3
ISSN	2238-0019 ; 2238-0019
ISSN (online)	2238-0019
ISSN	2238-0019
DOI	10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Smoking Histories by State in the U.S.

Holford, Theodore R / McKay, Lisa / Jeon, Jihyoun / Tam, Jamie / Cao, Pianpian / Fleischer, Nancy L / Levy, David T / Meza, Rafael

American journal of preventive medicine

2023 Volume 64, Issue 4 Suppl 1, Page(s) S42–S52

Abstract: Introduction: Smoking rates across U.S. states have declined at different rates over time ... This study characterizes smoking histories for each U.S. state by birth cohort.: Methods: Using 1965-2018 ...

Abstract	Introduction: Smoking rates across U.S. states have declined at different rates over time because some states have progressive tobacco control policies, whereas others have yet to adopt them. Therefore, each state has its own unique historical experience of smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence. This study characterizes smoking histories for each U.S. state by birth cohort. Methods: Using 1965-2018 National Health Interview Survey and 1992-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey data, statistical methods applied an age‒period‒cohort modeling framework to reconstruct population-level smoking histories for each state. Smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity by age, gender, and cohort were estimated for each state. These were used to construct state-specific trends in the prevalence of current, former, and never smoking as well as the mean smoking duration and pack years. Analysis was conducted from 2017 to 2022. Results: California and Kentucky, respectively, are exemplar states of more and less aggressive tobacco control. Initiation probabilities were consistently lower in California than in Kentucky, and cessation probabilities were higher. Hence, the smoking prevalence derived from these parameters is higher in Kentucky. The intensity of cigarette smoking was higher in Kentucky than in California, yielding considerably higher estimated pack years when used with the other parameters. Summaries of smoking trends are given for all states. Conclusions: Smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity trends vary substantially across states, resulting in major differences in estimated smoking prevalence, duration, and pack years. Some states show improvements in smoking metrics over time with more recent birth cohorts, but others have shown very little.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Kentucky ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Use ; Cigarette Smoking ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.018
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Article ; Online: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Caries Arrest by Using Silver Diamine Fluoride in U.S. Children: Interim Findings.

Fontana, Margherita / Khera, Divya / Levy, Steven / Eckert, George / Katz, Barry / Yanca, Emily / González-Cabezas, Carlos / Moursi, Amr

Pediatric dentistry

2024 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–12

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Silver Compounds/therapeutic use ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Fluorides, Topical
Chemical Substances	silver diamine fluoride (DDU19UEV1Y) ; Silver Compounds ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Fluorides, Topical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604709-9
ISSN	1942-5473 ; 0164-1263
ISSN (online)	1942-5473
ISSN	0164-1263
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Eliakim score performance among patients with active Crohn’s disease

Ukashi, O. / Lahat, A. / Ungar, B. / Levy, H. / Eidler, P. / Ben-Horin, S. / Eliakim, R. / Kopylov, U.

Endoscopy

2024 Volume 56, Issue S 02

Event/congress	ESGE Days 2024, Berlin, Germany, 2024-04-25
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	80120-3
ISSN	1438-8812 ; 0013-726X
ISSN (online)	1438-8812
ISSN	0013-726X
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1783003
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Article ; Online: Cannabis and Alcohol Use by U.S. Young Adults, 2008-2019: Changes in Prevalence After Recreational Cannabis Legalization.

Kerr, David C R / Levy, Natalie S / Bae, Harold / Boustead, Anne E / Martins, Silvia S

American journal of preventive medicine

2023 Volume 65, Issue 6, Page(s) 983–992

Abstract: Introduction: Young adults' cannabis and alcohol use patterns have changed after state recreational cannabis legalization according to studies based on college samples but not nationally representative samples. Associations between recreational cannabis ...

Abstract	Introduction: Young adults' cannabis and alcohol use patterns have changed after state recreational cannabis legalization according to studies based on college samples but not nationally representative samples. Associations between recreational cannabis legalization and changes in cannabis and alcohol use outcomes among young adults were examined, including differences by college enrollment and minor status (ages 18-20 vs 21-23 years). Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data (2008-2019) were collected from college-eligible participants aged 18-23 years in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Self-reported past-month cannabis use and frequent use (≥20 days) and a proxy for past-year DSM-5 cannabis use disorder were primary outcomes; past-month frequent alcohol use and binge drinking were secondary outcomes. Multilevel logistic regression models quantified changes in outcome prevalence from the study years before to after recreational cannabis legalization, adjusting for secular trends. Analyses were conducted on March 22, 2022. Results: Prevalence increased from before to after recreational cannabis legalization for past-month cannabis use (from 21% to 25%) and past-year proxy cannabis use disorder (from 11% to 13%); the increases were statistically significant [adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.20 (1.08-1.32) and 1.14 (1.003-1.30), respectively]. Increases were detected for young adults who were not in college and who were aged 21-23 years. Recreational cannabis legalization impacts were not detected for secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Some young adults appear sensitive to state recreational cannabis legalization, including in terms of cannabis use disorder risk. Additional prevention efforts should be directed to young adults who are not in college and timed to occur before age 21 years.
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Cannabis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Marijuana Abuse ; Prevalence ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2023.06.009
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Book ; Online: An Efficient Solution to s-Rectangular Robust Markov Decision Processes

Kumar, Navdeep / Levy, Kfir / Wang, Kaixin / Mannor, Shie

2023

Abstract: We present an efficient robust value iteration for \texttt{s}-rectangular robust Markov ...

Abstract	We present an efficient robust value iteration for \texttt{s}-rectangular robust Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a time complexity comparable to standard (non-robust) MDPs which is significantly faster than any existing method. We do so by deriving the optimal robust Bellman operator in concrete forms using our $L_p$ water filling lemma. We unveil the exact form of the optimal policies, which turn out to be novel threshold policies with the probability of playing an action proportional to its advantage. Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2205.14327
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Recreational cannabis legislation and binge drinking in U.S. adolescents and adults.

Gonçalves, Priscila Dib / Bruzelius, Emilie / Levy, Natalie S / Segura, Luis E / Livne, Ofir / Gutkind, Sarah / Boustead, Anne E / Hasin, Deborah S / Mauro, Pia M / Silver, Diana / Macinko, James / Martins, Silvia S

The International journal on drug policy

2023 Volume 118, Page(s) 104085

Abstract: ... in binge drinking in the United States (U.S.).: Methods: We used restricted National Survey on Drug Use and ... binge drinking in those aged < 21. As the cannabis legislative landscape continues to change in the U.S., efforts ...

Abstract	Background: Recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) may have spillover effects on binge drinking. Our aims were to investigate binge drinking time trends and the association between RCLs and changes in binge drinking in the United States (U.S.). Methods: We used restricted National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (2008-2019). We examined trends in the prevalence of past-month binge drinking by age groups (12-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51+). Then, we compared model-based prevalences of past-month binge drinking before and after RCL by age group, using multi-level logistic regression with state random intercepts, an RCL by age group interaction term, and controlling for state alcohol policies. Results: Binge drinking declined overall from 2008 to 2019 among people aged 12-20 (17.54% to 11.08%), and those aged 21-30 (43.66% to 40.22%). However, binge drinking increased among people aged 31+ (ages 31-40: 28.11% to 33.34%, ages 41-50: 25.48% to 28.32%, ages 51+: 13.28% to 16.75%). When investigating model-based prevalences after versus before RCL, binge drinking decreased among people aged 12-20 (prevalence difference=-4.8%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.77, [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.85]), and increased among participants aged 31-40 (+1.7%; 1.09[1.01-1.26]), 41-50 (+2.5; 1.15[1.05-1.26]) and 51+ (+1.8%; 1.17[1.06-1.30]). No RCL-related changes were noted in respondents ages 21-30. Conclusions: Implementation of RCLs was associated with increased past-month binge drinking in adults aged 31+ and decreased past-month binge drinking in those aged < 21. As the cannabis legislative landscape continues to change in the U.S., efforts to minimize harms related to binge drinking are critical.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Binge Drinking/epidemiology ; Cannabis ; Ethanol ; Prevalence ; Hallucinogens
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Hallucinogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2010000-0
ISSN	1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
ISSN (online)	1873-4758
ISSN	0955-3959
DOI	10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104085
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Article ; Online: HIV and Addiction Services for People Who Inject Drugs: Healthcare Provider Perceptions on Integrated Care in the U.S. South.

Bradford, Davis / Parman, Mariel / Levy, Sera / Turner, Wesli H / Li, Li / Leisch, Leah / Eaton, Ellen / Crockett, Kaylee B

Journal of primary care & community health

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 21501319231161208

Abstract: ... S. South. ...

Abstract	This qualitative study evaluates physician training and experience with treatment and prevention services for people who inject drugs (PWID) including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization for Vulnerable Populations was applied as a framework for data analysis and interpretation. Two focus groups were conducted, one with early career physicians (n = 6) and one with mid- to late career physicians (n = 3). Focus group transcripts were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify factors affecting implementation of treatment and prevention services for PWID. Respondents identified that increasing the availability of providers prescribing MOUD was a critical enabling factor for PWID seeking and receiving care. Integrated, interdisciplinary services were identified as an additional resource although these remain fragmented in the current healthcare system. Barriers to care included provider awareness, stigma associated with substance use, and access limitations. Providers identified the interwoven risk factors associated with injection drug use that must be addressed, including the risk of HIV acquisition, notably more at the forefront in the minds of early career physicians. Additional research is needed addressing the medical education curriculum, health system, and healthcare policy to address the addiction and HIV crises in the U.S. South.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Drug Users ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Health Personnel ; Opioid-Related Disorders/therapy ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2550221-9
ISSN	2150-1327 ; 2150-1319
ISSN (online)	2150-1327
ISSN	2150-1319
DOI	10.1177/21501319231161208
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Intestinal ultrasound measures are highly correlated with small bowel Lewis score among patients with active Crohn’s disease

Ukashi, O. / Lahat, A. / Ungar, B. / Levy, H. / Eidler, P. / Eliakim, R. / Kopylov, U. / Carter, D. / Ben-Horin, S. / Albshesh, A.

Endoscopy

2024 Volume 56, Issue S 02

Event/congress	ESGE Days 2024, Berlin, Germany, 2024-04-25
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	80120-3
ISSN	1438-8812 ; 0013-726X
ISSN (online)	1438-8812
ISSN	0013-726X
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1782826
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Zs.MO 162: Show issues

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