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Article ; Online: Efficacy and cost of high-frequency IGRT in elderly stage III non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Heilbroner, Samuel P / Xanthopoulos, Eric P / Buono, Donna / Carrier, Daniel / Durkee, Ben Y / Corradetti, Michael / Wang, Tony J C / Neugut, Alfred I / Hershman, Dawn L / Cheng, Simon K

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) e0252053

Abstract: Background: High-frequency image-guided radiotherapy (hfIGRT) is ubiquitous but its benefits are unproven. We examined the cost effectiveness of hfIGRT in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).: Methods: We selected stage III NSCLC patients ≥ ... ...

Abstract	Background: High-frequency image-guided radiotherapy (hfIGRT) is ubiquitous but its benefits are unproven. We examined the cost effectiveness of hfIGRT in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We selected stage III NSCLC patients ≥66 years old who received definitive radiation therapy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results-Medicare database. Patients were stratified by use of hfIGRT using Medicare claims. Predictors for hfIGRT were calculated using a logistic model. The impact of hfIGRT on lung toxicity free survival (LTFS), esophageal toxicity free survival (ETFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and cost of treatment was calculated using Cox regressions, propensity score matching, and bootstrap methods. Results: Of the 4,430 patients in our cohort, 963 (22%) received hfIGRT and 3,468 (78%) did not. By 2011, 49% of patients were receiving hfIGRT. Predictors of hfIGRT use included treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) (OR = 7.5, p < 0.01), recent diagnosis (OR = 51 in 2011 versus 2006, p < 0.01), and residence in regions where the Medicare intermediary allowed IMRT (OR = 1.50, p < 0.01). hfIGRT had no impact on LTFS (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.86-1.09), ETFS (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.93-1.18), CSS (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.84-1.04), or OS (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.87-1.04). Mean radiotherapy and total medical costs six months after diagnosis were $17,330 versus $15,024 (p < 0.01) and $71,569 versus $69,693 (p = 0.49), respectively. Conclusion: hfIGRT did not affect clinical outcomes in elderly patients with stage III NSCLC but did increase radiation cost. hfIGRT deserves further scrutiny through a randomized controlled trial.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/economics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy ; Cohort Studies ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lung Neoplasms/economics ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Propensity Score ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided/economics ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided/methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/economics ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0252053
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Efficacy and cost of high-frequency IGRT in elderly stage III non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Samuel P Heilbroner / Eric P Xanthopoulos / Donna Buono / Daniel Carrier / Ben Y Durkee / Michael Corradetti / Tony J C Wang / Alfred I Neugut / Dawn L Hershman / Simon K Cheng

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e

2021 Volume 0252053

Abstract: Background High-frequency image-guided radiotherapy (hfIGRT) is ubiquitous but its benefits are unproven. We examined the cost effectiveness of hfIGRT in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We selected stage III NSCLC patients ≥66 years ...

Abstract	Background High-frequency image-guided radiotherapy (hfIGRT) is ubiquitous but its benefits are unproven. We examined the cost effectiveness of hfIGRT in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We selected stage III NSCLC patients ≥66 years old who received definitive radiation therapy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results-Medicare database. Patients were stratified by use of hfIGRT using Medicare claims. Predictors for hfIGRT were calculated using a logistic model. The impact of hfIGRT on lung toxicity free survival (LTFS), esophageal toxicity free survival (ETFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and cost of treatment was calculated using Cox regressions, propensity score matching, and bootstrap methods. Results Of the 4,430 patients in our cohort, 963 (22%) received hfIGRT and 3,468 (78%) did not. By 2011, 49% of patients were receiving hfIGRT. Predictors of hfIGRT use included treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) (OR = 7.5, p < 0.01), recent diagnosis (OR = 51 in 2011 versus 2006, p < 0.01), and residence in regions where the Medicare intermediary allowed IMRT (OR = 1.50, p < 0.01). hfIGRT had no impact on LTFS (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.86-1.09), ETFS (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.93-1.18), CSS (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.84-1.04), or OS (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.87-1.04). Mean radiotherapy and total medical costs six months after diagnosis were $17,330 versus $15,024 (p < 0.01) and $71,569 versus $69,693 (p = 0.49), respectively. Conclusion hfIGRT did not affect clinical outcomes in elderly patients with stage III NSCLC but did increase radiation cost. hfIGRT deserves further scrutiny through a randomized controlled trial.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Internet pathways in suicidality: a review of the evidence.

Durkee, Tony / Hadlaczky, Gergo / Westerlund, Michael / Carli, Vladimir

International journal of environmental research and public health

2011 Volume 8, Issue 10, Page(s) 3938–3952

Abstract: The general aim of this study was to review the scientific literature concerning the Internet and suicidality and to examine the different pathways by which suicidal risks and prevention efforts are facilitated through the Internet. An online literature ... ...

Abstract	The general aim of this study was to review the scientific literature concerning the Internet and suicidality and to examine the different pathways by which suicidal risks and prevention efforts are facilitated through the Internet. An online literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. The main themes that were investigated included pathological Internet use and suicidality, pro-suicide websites, suicide pacts on the Internet, and suicide prevention via the Internet. Articles were screened based on the titles and abstracts reporting on the themes of interest. Thereafter, articles were selected based on scientific relevance of the study, and included for full text assessment. The results illustrated that specific Internet pathways increased the risk for suicidal behaviours, particularly in adolescents and young people. Several studies found significant correlations between pathological Internet use and suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury. Pro-suicide websites and online suicide pacts were observed as high-risk factors for facilitating suicidal behaviours, particularly among isolated and susceptible individuals. Conversely, the evidence also showed that the Internet could be an effective tool for suicide prevention, especially for socially-isolated and vulnerable individuals, who might otherwise be unreachable. It is this paradox that accentuates the need for further research in this field.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Internet/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Assessment ; Suicide/psychology ; Suicide Prevention
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph8103938
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Internet Pathways in Suicidality

Vladimir Carli / Michael Westerlund / Gergo Hadlaczky / Tony Durkee

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 8, Iss 10, Pp 3938-

A Review of the Evidence

2011 Volume 3952

Abstract	The general aim of this study was to review the scientific literature concerning the Internet and suicidality and to examine the different pathways by which suicidal risks and prevention efforts are facilitated through the Internet. An online literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. The main themes that were investigated included pathological Internet use and suicidality, pro-suicide websites, suicide pacts on the Internet, and suicide prevention via the Internet. Articles were screened based on the titles and abstracts reporting on the themes of interest. Thereafter, articles were selected based on scientific relevance of the study, and included for full text assessment. The results illustrated that specific Internet pathways increased the risk for suicidal behaviours, particularly in adolescents and young people. Several studies found significant correlations between pathological Internet use and suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury. Pro-suicide websites and online suicide pacts were observed as high-risk factors for facilitating suicidal behaviours, particularly among isolated and susceptible individuals. Conversely, the evidence also showed that the Internet could be an effective tool for suicide prevention, especially for socially-isolated and vulnerable individuals, who might otherwise be unreachable. It is this paradox that accentuates the need for further research in this field.
Keywords	Internet use ; pathological Internet use ; pro-suicide websites ; suicide pacts ; suicide prevention ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pathological Internet Use Is on the Rise Among European Adolescents.

Kaess, Michael / Parzer, Peter / Brunner, Romuald / Koenig, Julian / Durkee, Tony / Carli, Vladimir / Wasserman, Camilla / Hoven, Christina W / Sarchiapone, Marco / Bobes, Julio / Cosman, Doina / Värnik, Airi / Resch, Franz / Wasserman, Danuta

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

2016 Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 236–239

Abstract: Purpose: Increased Internet accessibility has been accompanied by an increased awareness of pathological Internet use (PIU). The aim of the study was to investigate a potential increase of PIU among European adolescents.: Methods: Comparable data ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Increased Internet accessibility has been accompanied by an increased awareness of pathological Internet use (PIU). The aim of the study was to investigate a potential increase of PIU among European adolescents. Methods: Comparable data from two large cross-sectional multicentre, school-based studies conducted in 2009/2010 and 2011/2012 in five European countries (Estonia, Germany, Italy, Romania, and Spain) were used. The Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of PIU. Results: The comparison of the two samples provides evidence that the prevalence of PIU is on the rise (4.01%-6.87%, odds ratio = 1.69, p < .001) except in Germany. Comparison with data on Internet accessibility suggests that the rise in prevalence of adolescent PIU may be a consequence of increased Internet accessibility. Conclusions: Our findings are the first data to confirm the rise of PIU among European adolescents. They definitively warrant further efforts in the implementation and evaluation of preventive interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Internet/utilization ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1063374-1
ISSN	1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
ISSN (online)	1879-1972
ISSN	1054-139X
DOI	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.009
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Article ; Online: Psychopathological factors associated with problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use in a sample of adolescents in Germany.

Wartberg, Lutz / Brunner, Romuald / Kriston, Levente / Durkee, Tony / Parzer, Peter / Fischer-Waldschmidt, Gloria / Resch, Franz / Sarchiapone, Marco / Wasserman, Camilla / Hoven, Christina W / Carli, Vladimir / Wasserman, Danuta / Thomasius, Rainer / Kaess, Michael

Psychiatry research

2016 Volume 240, Page(s) 272–277

Abstract: In Germany, high prevalence rates for problematic alcohol use and problematic Internet use in adolescents were reported. The objective of the present study was to identify psychopathological factors associated with these two behavior patterns. To our ... ...

Abstract	In Germany, high prevalence rates for problematic alcohol use and problematic Internet use in adolescents were reported. The objective of the present study was to identify psychopathological factors associated with these two behavior patterns. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation assessing psychopathological factors for both problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use in the same sample of adolescents. We surveyed a sample of 1444 adolescents in Germany regarding problematic alcohol use, problematic Internet use, psychopathology and psychological well-being. We conducted binary logistic regression analyses. 5.6% of the sample showed problematic alcohol use, 4.8% problematic Internet use, and 0.8% both problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use. Problematic alcohol use was higher in adolescents with problematic Internet use compared to those without problematic Internet use. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms were statistically significant associated with both problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use. Prosocial behavior was related to problematic Internet use. Male gender and less peer problems were associated with problematic alcohol use. For the first time associations between adolescent problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use due to common psychopathological factors were identified. However, in addition to shared factors, we found also specific psychopathological correlates associated with these two behavior patterns.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Alcoholism/epidemiology ; Alcoholism/psychology ; Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Prevalence ; Psychopathology ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Video Games
Language	English
Publishing date	2016--30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.057
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A 2-year longitudinal study of prospective predictors of pathological Internet use in adolescents.

Strittmatter, Esther / Parzer, Peter / Brunner, Romuald / Fischer, Gloria / Durkee, Tony / Carli, Vladimir / Hoven, Christina W / Wasserman, Camilla / Sarchiapone, Marco / Wasserman, Danuta / Resch, Franz / Kaess, Michael

European child & adolescent psychiatry

2016 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 725–734

Abstract: Longitudinal studies of prospective predictors for pathological Internet use (PIU) in adolescents as well as its course are lacking. This three-wave longitudinal study was conducted within the framework of the European Union-funded project "Saving and ... ...

Abstract	Longitudinal studies of prospective predictors for pathological Internet use (PIU) in adolescents as well as its course are lacking. This three-wave longitudinal study was conducted within the framework of the European Union-funded project "Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe" over a 2-year period. The sample consisted of 1444 students at the baseline investigation (T0); 1202 students after 1 year (T1); and 515 students after 2 years (T2). Structured self-report questionnaires were administered at all three time points. PIU was assessed using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). In addition, demographic (i.e., gender), social (i.e., parental involvement), psychological (i.e., emotional problems), and Internet use-related factors (i.e., online activities) were assessed as prospective predictors. The prevalence of PIU was 4.3 % at T0, 2.7 % at T1 and 3.1 % at T2. However, only 3 students (0.58 %) had persistent categorical PIU (YDQ score of ≥5) over the 2-year period. In univariate models, a variety of variables that have been previously identified in cross-sectional investigations predicted PIU at T2. However, multivariate regression demonstrated that only previous PIU symptoms and emotional problems were significant predictors of PIU 2 years later (adjusted R (2) 0.23). The stability of categorical PIU in adolescents over 2 years was lower than previously reported. However, current PIU symptoms were the best predictor of later PIU; emotional symptoms also predicted PIU over and above the influence of previous problematic Internet use. Both PIU symptoms and emotional problems may contribute to the vicious cycle that supports the perpetuation of PIU.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis ; Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; Internet/statistics & numerical data ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Prognosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1118299-4
ISSN	1435-165X ; 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
ISSN (online)	1435-165X
ISSN	1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
DOI	10.1007/s00787-015-0779-0
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Article: Depressivität, selbstverletzendes und suizidales Verhalten bei Jugendlichen mit riskanter und pathologischer Internetnutzung.

Fischer, Gloria / Brunner, Romuald / Parzer, Peter / Klug, Katja / Durkee, Tony / Carli, Vladimi / Wasserman, Danuta / Vonderlin, Eva / Resch, Franz / Kaess, Michael

Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie

2012 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–31

Abstract: To investigate associations between risky and pathologic internet use with depression, deliberate self-harm and suicidal behaviour among a representative sample of German adolescents. A total of 1,435 students (48% boys, 52% girls) from the area of ... ...

Title translation	Depression, deliberate self-harm and suicidal behaviour in adolescents engaging in risky and pathological internet use.
Abstract	To investigate associations between risky and pathologic internet use with depression, deliberate self-harm and suicidal behaviour among a representative sample of German adolescents. A total of 1,435 students (48% boys, 52% girls) from the area of Heidelberg/Germany were recruited during the SEYLE study, a European school-based intervention study and completed an assessment of different questionnaires, including the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for the assessment of risky and pathological internet use, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Deliberate Self Harm Inventory, and the Paykel Suicide Scale. 80.7% of the students reported regular, 14.5% risky, and 4.8% pathological internet use. The risky and the pathological internet users showed significant higher rates of depression, deliberate self-harm and suicidal behaviour compared to students with regular internet use. Remarkably, there were no significant differences of levels of depression and suicidal behaviour between risky and pathological users. These results suggest that not only pathologic internet use but also risky internet use is associated with symptoms of depression, self-harm and suicidal behaviour. Therefore, more attention should be paid to adolescents with risky internet use for the early recognition of depression, self-harm and suicidality in adolescence.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis ; Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; Behavior, Addictive/prevention & control ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder/prevention & control ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Europe ; Female ; Germany ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data ; Psychometrics ; Risk-Taking ; Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Self-Injurious Behavior/prevention & control ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology ; Sex Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	German
Publishing date	2012
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	123711-1
ISSN	0032-7034
ISSN	0032-7034
DOI	10.13109/prkk.2012.61.1.16
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Psychometric properties of a German version of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) in two independent samples of adolescents

Wartberg, Lutz / Durkee, Tony / Kriston, Levente / Parzer, Peter / Fischer-Waldschmidt, Gloria / Resch, Franz / Sarchiapone, Marco / Wasserman, Camilla / Hoven, Christina W. / Carli, Vladimir / Wasserman, Danuta / Thomasius, Rainer / Brunner, Romuald / Kaess, Michael

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

2017 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 182–190

Abstract: The Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) is the most frequently used unidimensional measure to assess pathological Internet use. To date, investigations on the factorial validity of the YDQ using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are not available in ... ...

Title translation	Psychometrische Eigenschaften einer deutschen Version des Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) in zwei unabhängigen Stichproben Jugendlicher
Abstract	The Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) is the most frequently used unidimensional measure to assess pathological Internet use. To date, investigations on the factorial validity of the YDQ using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are not available in the scientific literature. Empirical findings on the psychometric properties of the German translation of the YDQ are also lacking. Data were collected on two German samples of 1,444 and 2,713 adolescents. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Reliability coefficients and correlations between the YDQ and external criteria of Internet use were also calculated. The models showed excellent global goodness-of-fit and satisfying local parameters. A unidimensional model seems to fit the data very well. Rather low reliability coefficients were observed. The results indicate an acceptable construct validity of the German YDQ. The German version of the YDQ is a suitable instrument for measuring pathological Internet use in adolescent populations.
Keywords	Adolescent Psychopathology ; Factor Structure ; Factorial Validity ; Faktorenstruktur ; Faktorielle Validität ; Fragebögen ; Internet Addiction ; Internetsucht ; Jugendlichenpsychopathologie ; Questionnaires ; Test Reliability ; Test Validity ; Testreliabilität ; Testvalidität
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2235886-9
ISSN	1557-1882 ; 1557-1874
ISSN (online)	1557-1882
ISSN	1557-1874
DOI	10.1007/s11469-016-9654-6
Database	PSYNDEX

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Article ; Online: Pathological Internet use among adolescents: Comparing gamers and non-gamers.

Strittmatter, Esther / Kaess, Michael / Parzer, Peter / Fischer, Gloria / Carli, Vladimir / Hoven, Christina W / Wasserman, Camilla / Sarchiapone, Marco / Durkee, Tony / Apter, Alan / Bobes, Julio / Brunner, Romuald / Cosman, Doina / Sisask, Merike / Värnik, Peeter / Wasserman, Danuta

Psychiatry research

2015 Volume 228, Issue 1, Page(s) 128–135

Abstract: Internet gaming disorder" was recently included in Section 3 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Non-gaming Internet activities were not considered because of a lack of evidence. This study examined whether gamers ... ...

Abstract	"Internet gaming disorder" was recently included in Section 3 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Non-gaming Internet activities were not considered because of a lack of evidence. This study examined whether gamers differ from non-gamers with respect to their psychological well-being among students who show pathological Internet use (PIU). This cross-sectional study was conducted within the project "Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY)". A total of 8807 European representative students from randomly selected schools were included. The Young Diagnostic Questionnaire was applied to assess PIU, and students with this condition were divided into gamers (PIU-G) and non-gamers (PIU-NG). Overall, 3.62% and 3.11% of the students were classified as having PIU-G and PIU-NG, respectively. A multinomial logistic regression revealed that students with PIU-G and those with PIU-NG showed similarly increased risks for emotional symptoms, conduct disorder, hyperactivity/inattention, self-injurious behaviors, and suicidal ideation and behaviors. Students with PIU-G were more likely to be male and have a higher risk for peer problems than those with PIU-NG. Students with PIU-NG had a higher risk of depression than those with PIU-G. The significant psychological impairment of PIU-NG suggests that it should be considered in future diagnostic criteria.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Video Games/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.029
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