Article ; Online: Interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I interferon response.
2020 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) e1008737
Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. An unbalanced immune response, characterized by a weak production of type I interferons (IFN-Is) and an exacerbated release of ... ...
| Abstract | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. An unbalanced immune response, characterized by a weak production of type I interferons (IFN-Is) and an exacerbated release of proinflammatory cytokines, contributes to the severe forms of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which caused outbreaks in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Although IFN treatment gave some encouraging results against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in animal models, its potential as a therapeutic against COVID-19 awaits validation. Here, we describe our current knowledge of the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the IFN system, highlighting some of the gaps that need to be filled for a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition to the conserved IFN evasion strategies that are likely shared with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, novel counteraction mechanisms are being discovered in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Since the last coronavirus epidemic, we have made considerable progress in understanding the IFN-I response, including its spatiotemporal regulation and the prominent role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are the main IFN-I-producing cells. While awaiting the results of the many clinical trials that are evaluating the efficacy of IFN-I alone or in combination with antiviral molecules, we discuss the potential benefits of a well-timed IFN-I treatment and propose strategies to boost pDC-mediated IFN responses during the early stages of viral infection. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Interferon Type I/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment |
| Chemical Substances | Antiviral Agents ; Interferon Type I |
| Keywords | covid19 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-07-29 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 2205412-1 |
| ISSN | 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374 |
| ISSN (online) | 1553-7374 |
| ISSN | 1553-7374 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008737 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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