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  1. Article: Microbiota-derived psychedelics: Lessons from COVID-19.

    Sfera, Adonis / Hazan, Sabine / Kozlakidis, Zisis / Klein, Carolina

    Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 395–399

    Abstract: Emil Kraepelin believed that dementia praecox, the disorder we now call schizophrenia, was caused by the brain being poisoned with toxins generated in other parts of the body, especially the mouth, intestine or genitals. In this regard, Kraepelin hinted ... ...

    Abstract Emil Kraepelin believed that dementia praecox, the disorder we now call schizophrenia, was caused by the brain being poisoned with toxins generated in other parts of the body, especially the mouth, intestine or genitals. In this regard, Kraepelin hinted at the microbiome and conceptualized microbial molecules as drivers of severe psychiatric illness. However, it was not until the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that Kraepelin's paradigm gained traction, particularly because this virus was associated with both gut barrier disruption and new-onset psychosis.Likewise, despite numerous studies linking severe psychiatric illness to genomic damage and dysfunctional DNA repair, this pathogenetic mechanism was underappreciated before the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of the psychotomimetic anesthetic, ketamine, for treatment-resistant depression has reawakened the interest in endogenous serotonergic hallucinogens, especially tryptamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which are beneficial for depression but associated with psychosis.In this editorial, we take a closer look at the role of the microbiome in psychopathology, attempting to answer 2 questions:1. Why may psychosis-predisposing serotonergic hallucinogens alleviate depression?2. Are microbiota-derived psychedelics part of an inbuilt antidepressant system similar to endogenous opioids?
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hallucinogens ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; N,N-Dimethyltryptamine ; Ketamine
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens ; N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (WUB601BHAA) ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2270257-X
    ISSN 1899-5276 ; 1230-025X
    ISSN 1899-5276 ; 1230-025X
    DOI 10.17219/acem/159477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6489: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article: Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders?

    Sfera, Adonis / Thomas, Kyle A / Ogunjale, Isaac A / Jafri, Nyla / Bota, Peter G

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 6

    Abstract: Forensic hospitals throughout the country house individuals with severe mental illness and history of criminal violations. Insomnia affects 67.4% of hospitalized patients with chronic neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating that these conditions may ... ...

    Abstract Forensic hospitals throughout the country house individuals with severe mental illness and history of criminal violations. Insomnia affects 67.4% of hospitalized patients with chronic neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating that these conditions may hijack human somnogenic pathways. Conversely, somnolence is a common adverse effect of many antipsychotic drugs, further highlighting a common etiopathogenesis. Since the brain salience network is likely the common denominator for insomnia, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, here, we focus on the pathology of this neuronal assembly and its likely driver, the dysfunctional neuronal and mitochondrial membrane. We also discuss potential treatment strategies ranging from membrane lipid replacement to mitochondrial transplantation. The aims of this review are threefold: 1. Examining the causes of insomnia in forensic detainees with severe mental illness, as well as its role in predisposing them to neurodegenerative disorders. 2. Educating State hospital and prison clinicians on frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant, a condition increasingly diagnosed in older first offenders which is often missed due to the absence of memory impairment. 3. Introducing clinicians to natural compounds that are potentially beneficial for insomnia and severe mental illness.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm13061691
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Recent Developments in Protein Lactylation in PTSD and CVD: Novel Strategies and Targets.

    Kozlakidis, Zisis / Shi, Patricia / Abarbanel, Ganna / Klein, Carolina / Sfera, Adonis

    Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: In 1938, Corneille Heymans received the Nobel Prize in physiology for discovering that oxygen sensing in the aortic arch and carotid sinus was mediated by the nervous system. The genetics of this process remained unclear until 1991 when Gregg Semenza ... ...

    Abstract In 1938, Corneille Heymans received the Nobel Prize in physiology for discovering that oxygen sensing in the aortic arch and carotid sinus was mediated by the nervous system. The genetics of this process remained unclear until 1991 when Gregg Semenza while studying erythropoietin, came upon hypoxia-inducible factor 1, for which he obtained the Nobel Prize in 2019. The same year, Yingming Zhao found protein lactylation, a posttranslational modification that can alter the function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, the master regulator of cellular senescence, a pathology implicated in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The genetic correlation between PTSD and CVD has been demonstrated by many studies, of which the most recent one utilizes large-scale genetics to estimate the risk factors for these conditions. This study focuses on the role of hypertension and dysfunctional interleukin 7 in PTSD and CVD, the former caused by stress-induced sympathetic arousal and elevated angiotensin II, while the latter links stress to premature endothelial cell senescence and early vascular aging. This review summarizes the recent developments and highlights several novel PTSD and CVD pharmacological targets. They include lactylation of histone and non-histone proteins, along with the related biomolecular actors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, erythropoietin, acid-sensing ion channels, basigin, and Interleukin 7, as well as strategies to delay premature cellular senescence by telomere lengthening and resetting the epigenetic clock.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2673-6284
    ISSN (online) 2673-6284
    DOI 10.3390/biotech12020038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Can Psychiatry be Misused Again?

    Sfera, Adonis

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2013  Volume 4, Page(s) 101

    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Can neurostimulation prevent the risk of Alzheimer's disease in elderly individuals with schizophrenia?

    Sfera, Adonis

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2013  Volume 4, Page(s) 111

    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00111
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: What is Going on in Psychiatry When Nothing Seems to Happen?

    Sfera, Adonis

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2013  Volume 4, Page(s) 178

    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00178
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  7. Article: Targeted intermittent treatment in chronic schizophrenia.

    Sfera, Adonis

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2013  Volume 4, Page(s) 13

    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-03-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00013
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  8. Article ; Online: Long COVID as a Tauopathy: Of "Brain Fog" and "Fusogen Storms".

    Sfera, Adonis / Rahman, Leah / Zapata-Martín Del Campo, Carlos Manuel / Kozlakidis, Zisis

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 16

    Abstract: Long COVID, also called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by a multitude of lingering symptoms, including impaired cognition, that can last for many months. This symptom, often called "brain fog", affects the life quality of numerous ... ...

    Abstract Long COVID, also called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by a multitude of lingering symptoms, including impaired cognition, that can last for many months. This symptom, often called "brain fog", affects the life quality of numerous individuals, increasing medical complications as well as healthcare expenditures. The etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced cognitive deficit is unclear, but the most likely cause is chronic inflammation maintained by a viral remnant thriving in select body reservoirs. These viral sanctuaries are likely comprised of fused, senescent cells, including microglia and astrocytes, that the pathogen can convert into neurotoxic phenotypes. Moreover, as the enteric nervous system contains neurons and glia, the virus likely lingers in the gastrointestinal tract as well, accounting for the intestinal symptoms of long COVID. Fusogens are proteins that can overcome the repulsive forces between cell membranes, allowing the virus to coalesce with host cells and enter the cytoplasm. In the intracellular compartment, the pathogen hijacks the actin cytoskeleton, fusing host cells with each other and engendering pathological syncytia. Cell-cell fusion enables the virus to infect the healthy neighboring cells. We surmise that syncytia formation drives cognitive impairment by facilitating the "seeding" of hyperphosphorylated Tau, documented in COVID-19. In our previous work, we hypothesized that the SARS-CoV-2 virus induces premature endothelial senescence, increasing the permeability of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier. This enables the migration of gastrointestinal tract microbes and/or their components into the host circulation, eventually reaching the brain where they may induce cognitive dysfunction. For example, translocated lipopolysaccharides or microbial DNA can induce Tau hyperphosphorylation, likely accounting for memory problems. In this perspective article, we examine the pathogenetic mechanisms and potential biomarkers of long COVID, including microbial cell-free DNA, interleukin 22, and phosphorylated Tau, as well as the beneficial effect of transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tauopathies ; Brain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241612648
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  9. Article ; Online: Of Soldiers and Their Ghosts

    Adonis Sfera / Jonathan J. Anton / Hassan Imran / Zisis Kozlakidis / Carolina Klein / Carolina Osorio

    BioMed, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 484-

    Are We Ready for a Review of PTSD Evidence?

    2023  Volume 506

    Abstract: Psychosocial trauma has accompanied mankind since time immemorial and has been sufficiently portrayed in art and literature to suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder may be as old as combat itself. Since war is more frequent in human history than ... ...

    Abstract Psychosocial trauma has accompanied mankind since time immemorial and has been sufficiently portrayed in art and literature to suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder may be as old as combat itself. Since war is more frequent in human history than peace, public health measures are confined to mitigating the detrimental impact of battlefield experiences on combat participants. At present, PTSD outcome studies show mixed results, marked by high nonresponse rates, therapy dropout, and completed suicide, suggesting that novel strategies are urgently needed. Those of us who work routinely with combat veterans have noted an increasing trend of patients preferring mindfulness-based therapies as opposed to trauma-centered treatments, such as prolonged exposure or trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Preference for mindfulness over trauma-based therapies appears to coincide with the shift in research focus from the amygdala and fear to the insular cortex and interoceptive awareness. Therefore, rethinking PTSD as insular pathology is driven by the recent findings that neurons in this cortical area not only regulate cardiac rhythm but also record past intestinal inflammations. These discoveries likely explain the high comorbidity of stress-related disorders with premature endothelial senescence and a dysfunctional intestinal barrier. Moreover, the identification of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and the revelation that endothelial cells express alpha-7 nicotinic receptors has brought PTSD prevention and early detection within reach. In this narrative review, we discuss the relationship between early vascular aging, gut barrier disruption, and PTSD. We also examine the link between this pathology and faulty interoceptive awareness, surmising that hypertension and decreased heart rate variability are PTSD risk factors, while lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, soluble CD14, microbial cell-free DNA, acyloxyacyl hydrolase, and IL22 comprise early detection markers of this disorder.
    Keywords post traumatic stress disorder ; hypertension ; heart rate ; microbial translocation ; endothelial cells ; Biotechnology ; TP248.13-248.65 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Psychotropic drugs interaction with the lipid nanoparticle of COVID-19 mRNA therapeutics.

    Sfera, Adonis / Hazan, Sabine / Anton, Jonathan J / Sfera, Dan O / Andronescu, Christina V / Sasannia, Sarvin / Rahman, Leah / Kozlakidis, Zisis

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 995481

    Abstract: The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were authorized in the US on an emergency basis in December of 2020. The rapid distribution of these therapeutics around the country and the world led to millions of people ... ...

    Abstract The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were authorized in the US on an emergency basis in December of 2020. The rapid distribution of these therapeutics around the country and the world led to millions of people being vaccinated in a short time span, an action that decreased hospitalization and death but also heightened the concerns about adverse effects and drug-vaccine interactions. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are of particular interest as they form the vanguard of a range of other mRNA therapeutics that are currently in the development pipeline, focusing both on infectious diseases as well as oncological applications. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) has gained additional attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically regarding the rollout of mRNA therapeutics. However, for VAERS, absence of a reporting platform for drug-vaccine interactions left these events poorly defined. For example, chemotherapy, anticonvulsants, and antimalarials were documented to interfere with the mRNA vaccines, but much less is known about the other drugs that could interact with these therapeutics, causing adverse events or decreased efficacy. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 exploitation of host cytochrome P450 enzymes, reported in COVID-19 critical illness, highlights viral interference with drug metabolism. For example, patients with severe psychiatric illness (SPI) in treatment with clozapine often displayed elevated drug levels, emphasizing drug-vaccine interaction.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.995481
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