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Article: ABCD3-I and ABCD2 Scores in a TIA Population with Low Stroke Risk.

Ildstad, Fredrik / Ellekjær, Hanne / Wethal, Torgeir / Lydersen, Stian / Fjærtoft, Hild / Indredavik, Bent

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 8845898

Abstract: Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the ABCD3-I score and compare it with the ABCD2 score in short- (1 week) and long-term (3 months; 1 year) stroke risk prediction in our post-TIA stroke risk study, MIDNOR TIA.: Materials and methods: We performed a ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the ABCD3-I score and compare it with the ABCD2 score in short- (1 week) and long-term (3 months; 1 year) stroke risk prediction in our post-TIA stroke risk study, MIDNOR TIA. Materials and methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter study in Central Norway from 2012 to 2015, enrolling 577 patients with TIA. In a subset of patients with complete data for both scores ( Results: Within 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year, 1.0% ( Conclusions: The ABCD3-I score had limited value in a short-term prediction of subsequent stroke after TIA and did not reliably discriminate between low- and high-risk patients in a long-term follow-up. The ABCD2 score did not predict subsequent stroke accurately at any time point. Since there is a generally lower stroke risk after TIA during the last years, the benefit of these clinical risk scores and their role in TIA management seems limited.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573724-7
ISSN	2042-0056 ; 2090-8105
ISSN (online)	2042-0056
ISSN	2090-8105
DOI	10.1155/2021/8845898
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Article ; Online: Facilitating cells in tolerance induction for kidney transplantation.

Yolcu, Esma S / Leventhal, Joseph R / Ildstad, Suzanne T

Current opinion in organ transplantation

2015 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–63

Abstract: Purpose of review: To describe the clinical outcomes and science behind a CD8/TCR facilitating cell-based hematopoietic stem cell transplant approach (termed FCRx) to induce tolerance to renal allografts without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: To describe the clinical outcomes and science behind a CD8/TCR facilitating cell-based hematopoietic stem cell transplant approach (termed FCRx) to induce tolerance to renal allografts without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and avoidance of long-term immunosuppressant drugs in living donor kidney transplant recipients. Recent findings: Successful solid organ transplantation currently requires the life-long use of medications to suppress the immune system to prevent transplant rejection. Drug-based immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of infection and cancer, as well as being very costly. Development of new therapies to minimize or eliminate entirely the need for antirejection drugs is of great interest to the transplant community. Therapeutic cell transfer for the control of the human immune system represents a compelling approach to reduce or eliminate the need for antirejection drugs. Summary: Establishment of durable hematopoietic macrochimerism under nonmyeloablative conditioning is achievable in mismatched recipients using facilitating cells and stem cells obtained from donor mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Persistently chimeric recipients developed donor-specific tolerance and were weaned off of immunosuppressive drugs over 12 months. They maintained stable renal function without development of acute or chronic GVHD.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; Kidney Transplantation
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1390429-2
ISSN	1531-7013 ; 1087-2418
ISSN (online)	1531-7013
ISSN	1087-2418
DOI	10.1097/MOT.0000000000000156
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Zs.A 5609: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Regulatory B cells: the new "it" cell.

Goode, I / Xu, H / Ildstad, S T

Transplantation proceedings

2014 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–8

Abstract: Regulatory B cells (Breg) are a subpopulation of B cells that play a suppressive role in the immune system. The mechanism of how these immune cells perform their effects has been explored by experiments in mice and in humans. Intracellular staining for ... ...

Abstract	Regulatory B cells (Breg) are a subpopulation of B cells that play a suppressive role in the immune system. The mechanism of how these immune cells perform their effects has been explored by experiments in mice and in humans. Intracellular staining for interleukin 10 continues to be a consistent and reproducible method of identifying Breg in mouse and human studies. The lack of Breg is associated with a worsening of several autoimmune diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine studies. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise summary of the role of Breg in the immune system, including the most recently studied cell surface markers associated with Breg, and to describe the role of Breg in the etiology of several autoimmune diseases, the current understanding of Breg development, their role in the development of autoimmune diseases, and their role in inducing tolerance after transplantation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Transplantation ; Transplants/immunology
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	82046-5
ISSN	1873-2623 ; 0041-1345
ISSN (online)	1873-2623
ISSN	0041-1345
DOI	10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.075
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Zs.A 835: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Vascularized composite allotransplantation at a crossroad.

Ravindra, K V / Xu, H / Ildstad, S T

Transplantation proceedings

2011 Volume 43, Issue 9, Page(s) 3501–3503

Abstract: Vascularized composite allotransplantation is a relatively young field that has shown significant growth in the past decade. The subspecialty offers opportunities that are not available with solid organ transplants. However, the field also faces ... ...

Abstract	Vascularized composite allotransplantation is a relatively young field that has shown significant growth in the past decade. The subspecialty offers opportunities that are not available with solid organ transplants. However, the field also faces significant hurdles in increasing clinical volumes. The development of innovative immune-reduction strategies will likely determine the pace and direction of growth in the field in the years to come.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Face/surgery ; Facial Transplantation/trends ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Graft Rejection/surgery ; Graft Survival/immunology ; Hand/surgery ; Hand Transplantation ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Skin Transplantation/methods ; Transplantation, Homologous/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	82046-5
ISSN	1873-2623 ; 0041-1345
ISSN (online)	1873-2623
ISSN	0041-1345
DOI	10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.10.011
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Article ; Online: Immunology of vascularized composite allotransplantation: a primer for hand surgeons.

Ravindra, K / Haeberle, M / Levin, L S / Ildstad, S T

The Journal of hand surgery

2012 Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 842–850

Abstract: ... pathways of antigen recognition, the 3 signals for T-cell activation, and mechanisms and types of allograft ... the use of costimulatory blockade, regulatory T cells, and tolerance induction that have resulted ...

Abstract	Vascularized composite allotransplantation is a recent innovation in the fields of transplantation surgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, and orthopedic surgery. The success of hand and face transplantation has been based on extensive experience in solid organ transplantation. Advances in understanding the immunology of transplantation have had a major role in achieving excellent results in this new field. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basics of human immunology (innate and adaptive systems) and the immunological basis of human transplantation (the importance of human leukocyte antigen, direct and indirect pathways of antigen recognition, the 3 signals for T-cell activation, and mechanisms and types of allograft rejection) and focus on the mode of action of immunosuppressive drugs that have evolved as the mechanisms and pathways for rejection have been defined through research. This includes recent studies involving the use of costimulatory blockade, regulatory T cells, and tolerance induction that have resulted from research in understanding the mechanisms of immune recognition and function.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Facial Transplantation ; Hand Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Self Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Transplantation Immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605716-0
ISSN	1531-6564 ; 0363-5023
ISSN (online)	1531-6564
ISSN	0363-5023
DOI	10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.01.042
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Zs.A 1431: Show issues

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Article: Xenotransplantation for AIDS.

Ildstad, S T

Lancet (London, England)

1996 Volume 347, Issue 9003, Page(s) 761

MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Humans ; Papio ; Pennsylvania ; Research ; San Francisco ; Transplantation, Heterologous
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
DOI	10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90112-9
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Ua VI Zs.5: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 94: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Stroke risk after transient ischemic attack in a Norwegian prospective cohort.

Ildstad, Fredrik / Ellekjær, Hanne / Wethal, Torgeir / Lydersen, Stian / Sund, Janne Kutschera / Fjærtoft, Hild / Schüler, Stephan / Horn, Jens Wilhelm / Bråthen, Geir / Midtsæther, Ann-Grete / Morsund, Åse Hagen / Lillebø, Marja-Liisa / Seljeseth, Yngve Müller / Indredavik, Bent

BMC neurology

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

Abstract: Background: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a risk factor of stroke. Modern treatment regimens and changing risk factors in the population justify new estimates of stroke risk after TIA, and evaluation of the recommended ABCD: Methods: From ... ...

Abstract	Background: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a risk factor of stroke. Modern treatment regimens and changing risk factors in the population justify new estimates of stroke risk after TIA, and evaluation of the recommended ABCD Methods: From October, 2012, to July, 2014, we performed a prospective, multicenter study in Central Norway, enrolling patients with a TIA within the previous 2 weeks. Our aim was to assess stroke risk at 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after TIA, and to determine the predictive value of the dichotomized ABCD Results: Five hundred and seventy-seven patients with TIA were enrolled of which 85% were examined by a stroke specialist within 24 h after symptom onset. The cumulative incidence of stroke within 1 week, 3 months and 1 year of TIA was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.37-2.0), 3.3% (95% CI, 2.1-5.1) and 5.4% (95% CI, 3.9-7.6), respectively. The accuracy of the ABCD Conclusions: We found a lower stroke risk after TIA than reported in earlier studies. The ABCD Trial registration: Unique identifier: NCT02038725 (retrospectively registered, January 16, 2014).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology ; Norway/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ISSN	1471-2377
ISSN (online)	1471-2377
DOI	10.1186/s12883-018-1225-y
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Article: Composite tissue allotransplantation: past, present and future-the history and expanding applications of CTA as a new frontier in transplantation.

Wu, S / Xu, H / Ravindra, K / Ildstad, S T

Transplantation proceedings

2009 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 463–465

Abstract: Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) transplantation is currently being performed with increasing frequency in the clinic. The feasibility of the procedure has been confirmed in over 40 successful hand transplants, 3 facial reconstructions, and ... ...

Abstract	Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) transplantation is currently being performed with increasing frequency in the clinic. The feasibility of the procedure has been confirmed in over 40 successful hand transplants, 3 facial reconstructions, and vascularized knee, esophageal, abdominal wall, and tracheal allografts. The toxicity of chronic, nonspecific immunosuppression remains a major limitation to the widespread availability of CTA and is associated with opportunistic infections, nephrotoxicity, end-organ damage, and an increased rate of malignancy. Methods to reduce or eliminate the requirement for immunosuppression would represent a significant step forward in the field. Mixed chimerism induces tolerance to solid organ and tissue allografts, including CTA. This overview focuses on the history and expanding applications of CTA as a new frontier in transplantation, and considers the important hurdles that must be overcome through research to allow widespread clinical application.
MeSH term(s)	Bone Marrow/blood supply ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology ; Facial Transplantation/trends ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Graft Survival/immunology ; Hand Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppression/methods ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Tissue Transplantation/trends ; Transplantation Chimera ; Transplantation Tolerance/immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous/methods ; Transplantation, Homologous/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	82046-5
ISSN	1873-2623 ; 0041-1345
ISSN (online)	1873-2623
ISSN	0041-1345
DOI	10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.01.027
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Zs.A 835: Show issues

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Article: Mixed allogeneic chimerism. Past, present, and prospects for the future.

Brouha, P C / Ildstad, S T

Transplantation

2001 Volume 72, Issue 8 Suppl, Page(s) S36–42

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology ; Chimera/immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease/etiology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Isoantigens/immunology ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous
Chemical Substances	Isoantigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	208424-7
ISSN	1534-6080 ; 0041-1337
ISSN (online)	1534-6080
ISSN	0041-1337
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Zs.A 488: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 509: Show issues

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Article: Impact of bone marrow transplantation on type I diabetes.

Domenick, M A / Ildstad, S T

World journal of surgery

2001 Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 474–480

Abstract: Type I diabetes is a systemic autoimmune disease. Evidence is accumulating that autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes are linked to the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) itself rather than its derivatives. HSC chimerism achieved through ... ...

Abstract	Type I diabetes is a systemic autoimmune disease. Evidence is accumulating that autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes are linked to the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) itself rather than its derivatives. HSC chimerism achieved through bone marrow transplantation (BMT) may affect type I diabetes in two ways: first, to induce tolerance to pancreas and islet cell transplants; and second, to reverse the autoimmune process prior to the development of terminal complications. Transplantation of bone marrow from normal donors into patients with hematologic malignancy and coexistent type I diabetes has reversed the systemic diabetic autoimmune process. Donor HSCs can also be utilized for the induction of donor-specific tolerance to islet cell transplants. Islet or whole pancreas transplantation is the most physiologic approach to treating type I diabetes. Currently, this is limited by the requirement for high-dose chronic nonspecific immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Despite these agents, chronic rejection remains the primary cause for late graft loss. Donor-specific tolerance eliminates the requirement for immunosuppression and prevents the development of chronic rejection. Bone marrow transplantation does have limitations. In particular these limitations include the morbidity associated with lethal conditioning, graft-versus-host disease, and failure of engraftment. Currently the morbidity and mortality associated with lethal conditioning could not be justified for tolerance induction or interruption of the autoimmune state in type I diabetes. The goal of current research is to identify those factors in both recipient and donor that optimize engraftment to reverse the risk/benefit ratio associated with BMT. This article reviews the state of the art for HSC chimerism affecting diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autoimmunity ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Mosaicism ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation Tolerance
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	224043-9
ISSN	1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
ISSN (online)	1432-2323
ISSN	0364-2313
DOI	10.1007/s002680020340
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