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  1. Article ; Online: Comparison of Activity and Participation, and Mental and Physical Functions of Immediate Post-Acute and Distant Post-Acute Adults with Chronic Cardiac Conditions.

    Kim, Young Joo / Swift, Damon L / Houmard, Joseph A

    Occupational therapy in health care

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 380–396

    Abstract: This study compared activity participation, and mental and physical functions of two different groups of adults with chronic cardiac conditions. Eleven participants were assessed at the immediate post-acute stage and 26 participants were at the distant ... ...

    Abstract This study compared activity participation, and mental and physical functions of two different groups of adults with chronic cardiac conditions. Eleven participants were assessed at the immediate post-acute stage and 26 participants were at the distant post-acute stage. Participants at distant post-acute were significantly more physically active (
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Cognition ; Humans ; Occupational Therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639184-9
    ISSN 1541-3098 ; 0738-0577
    ISSN (online) 1541-3098
    ISSN 0738-0577
    DOI 10.1080/07380577.2021.1943767
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  2. Article ; Online: Effect of resveratrol on insulin action in primary myotubes from lean individuals and individuals with severe obesity.

    Park, Sanghee / Jevtovic, Filip / Krassovskaia, Polina M / Chaves, Alec B / Zheng, Donghai / Treebak, Jonas T / Houmard, Joseph A

    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

    2024  Volume 326, Issue 3, Page(s) E398–E406

    Abstract: Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound contained in numerous plants, has been proposed as a treatment for obesity-related disease processes such as insulin resistance. However, in humans there are conflicting results concerning the efficacy of ... ...

    Abstract Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound contained in numerous plants, has been proposed as a treatment for obesity-related disease processes such as insulin resistance. However, in humans there are conflicting results concerning the efficacy of resveratrol in improving insulin action; the purpose of the present study was to determine whether obesity status (lean, severely obese) affects the response to resveratrol in human skeletal muscle. Primary skeletal muscle cells were derived from biopsies obtained from age-matched lean and insulin-resistant women with severe obesity and incubated with resveratrol (1 µM) for 24 h. Insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation and incorporation into glycogen, insulin signal transduction, and energy-sensitive protein targets [AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Sirt1, and PGC1α] were analyzed. Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and AMPK phosphorylation increased with resveratrol incubation compared with the nonresveratrol conditions (main treatment effect for resveratrol). Resveratrol further increased IRS1, Akt, and TBC1D4 insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and SIRT1 content in myotubes from lean women, but not in women with severe obesity. Resveratrol improves insulin action in primary human skeletal myotubes derived from lean women and women with severe obesity. In women with obesity, these improvements may be associated with enhanced AMPK phosphorylation with resveratrol treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Obesity, Morbid/metabolism ; Resveratrol/pharmacology ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Glycogen/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Resveratrol (Q369O8926L) ; Sirtuin 1 (EC 3.5.1.-) ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31) ; Insulin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Glycogen (9005-79-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603841-4
    ISSN 1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
    ISSN (online) 1522-1555
    ISSN 0193-1849
    DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00299.2023
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  3. Article ; Online: Muscle fiber phenotype: a culprit of abnormal metabolism and function in skeletal muscle of humans with obesity.

    Serrano, Nathan / Hyatt, Jon-Philippe K / Houmard, Joseph A / Murgia, Marta / Katsanos, Christos S

    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

    2023  Volume 325, Issue 6, Page(s) E723–E733

    Abstract: The proportion of the different types of fibers in a given skeletal muscle contributes to its overall metabolic and functional characteristics. Greater proportion of type I muscle fibers is associated with favorable oxidative metabolism and function of ... ...

    Abstract The proportion of the different types of fibers in a given skeletal muscle contributes to its overall metabolic and functional characteristics. Greater proportion of type I muscle fibers is associated with favorable oxidative metabolism and function of the muscle. Humans with obesity have a lower proportion of type I muscle fibers. We discuss how lower proportion of type I fibers in skeletal muscle of humans with obesity may explain metabolic and functional abnormalities reported in these individuals. These include lower muscle glucose disposal rate, mitochondrial content, protein synthesis, and quality/contractile function, as well as increased risk for heart disease, lower levels of physical activity, and propensity for weight gain/resistance to weight loss. We delineate future research directions and the need to examine hybrid muscle fiber populations, which are indicative of a transitory state of fiber phenotype within skeletal muscle. We also describe methodologies for precisely characterizing muscle fibers and gene expression at the single muscle fiber level to enhance our understanding of the regulation of muscle fiber phenotype in obesity. By contextualizing research in the field of muscle fiber type in obesity, we lay a foundation for future advancements and pave the way for translation of this knowledge to address impaired metabolism and function in obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Myosin Heavy Chains (EC 3.6.4.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 603841-4
    ISSN 1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
    ISSN (online) 1522-1555
    ISSN 0193-1849
    DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00190.2023
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  4. Article ; Online: Exercise during Pregnancy: Developmental Programming Effects and Future Directions in Humans.

    Krassovskaia, Polina M / Chaves, Alec B / Houmard, Joseph A / Broskey, Nicholas T

    International journal of sports medicine

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 107–118

    Abstract: Epidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood, indicating that chronic diseases could be influenced by hormonal or metabolic insults ... ...

    Abstract Epidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood, indicating that chronic diseases could be influenced by hormonal or metabolic insults encountered
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603122-5
    ISSN 1439-3964 ; 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
    ISSN (online) 1439-3964
    ISSN 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
    DOI 10.1055/a-1524-2278
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  5. Article ; Online: Plasma Lactate as a Marker for Metabolic Health.

    Broskey, Nicholas T / Zou, Kai / Dohm, G Lynis / Houmard, Joseph A

    Exercise and sport sciences reviews

    2020  Volume 48, Issue 3, Page(s) 119–124

    Abstract: Blood lactate concentrations traditionally have been used as an index of exercise intensity or clinical hyperlactatemia. However, more recent data suggest that fasting plasma lactate can also be indicative of the risk for subsequent metabolic disease. ... ...

    Abstract Blood lactate concentrations traditionally have been used as an index of exercise intensity or clinical hyperlactatemia. However, more recent data suggest that fasting plasma lactate can also be indicative of the risk for subsequent metabolic disease. The hypothesis presented is that fasting blood lactate accumulation reflects impaired mitochondrial substrate use, which in turn influences metabolic disease risk.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/blood ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Fasting ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Metabolic Syndrome/blood ; Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/blood ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187040-3
    ISSN 1538-3008 ; 0091-6331
    ISSN (online) 1538-3008
    ISSN 0091-6331
    DOI 10.1249/JES.0000000000000220
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  6. Article ; Online: Minor Improvement in Activity and Participation and Decline in Physical Activity Motivation After Cardiac Rehabilitation Discharge.

    Kim, Young Joo / Crane, Patricia A / Houmard, Joseph A / Swift, Damon L / Wu, Qiang

    Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 419–425

    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the changes in activities and participation, and mental and physical functions for 9 mo after cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among adults with chronic cardiac conditions.: Methods: Twenty-five adults with chronic cardiac ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To investigate the changes in activities and participation, and mental and physical functions for 9 mo after cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among adults with chronic cardiac conditions.
    Methods: Twenty-five adults with chronic cardiac conditions scheduled for discharge from CR were assessed at four different times: within 2-wk window of CR discharge date, 1 mo, 3 mo, and 9 mo after CR discharge. Nine assessments according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health were used to track the changes post-CR.
    Results: Participants showed significant changes in the Cognitive Instrumental Activities of Daily Living adequacy of Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills-Clinic (F = 8.10, P = .017) and improvements in the applied cognitive domain of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Outpatient Short Form (F = 4.493, P = .016). Participants also showed significant decline in the CogState Detection test (F = 3.307, P = .045), the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS) (F = 4.749, P = .005), and the affiliation subscale of the PALMS (F = 5.316, P = .002), and improvements in the 6-min walk test (F = 9.000, P = .011). Lastly, participants showed depressive symptoms for 3 mo post-CR. No other significant changes were detected among other outcome measures.
    Conclusions: Adults with chronic cardiac conditions discharged from site-based CR maintained their activity and participation level following discharge with little improvement. They also showed depressive symptoms and decreased motivation for physical activity post-CR.
    MeSH term(s) Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Cardiac Rehabilitation ; Exercise ; Humans ; Motivation ; Patient Discharge
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2272063-7
    ISSN 1932-751X ; 1932-7501
    ISSN (online) 1932-751X
    ISSN 1932-7501
    DOI 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000586
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  7. Article ; Online: Ockham's razor and the metabolic syndrome.

    Pories, Walter J / Jones, Terry E / Houmard, Joseph A / DeMaria, Eric / Dohm, G Lynis

    Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) 1236–1243

    Abstract: The broad effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery on virtually every tissue and organ system remain unexplained. Weight loss, although a major factor, does not fully account for the rapid, full, and durable remission of type 2 diabetes, return of islet ... ...

    Abstract The broad effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery on virtually every tissue and organ system remain unexplained. Weight loss, although a major factor, does not fully account for the rapid, full, and durable remission of type 2 diabetes, return of islet function, reduction of the prevalence of cancers, increase in gray matter of the brain, and decrease in all-cause mortality. This review supports the thesis that the metabolic syndrome is not a group of separate diseases but rather multiple expressions of a shared defect in the utilization of carbohydrates and lipids. That error is probably caused by a dysmetabolic signal from the foregut, stimulated by food, that limits entry of 2-carbon fragments into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the accumulation of lactate and, in turn, increases in glucose and insulin. Surgery limits that signal by reducing contact between food and foregut mucosa. Speciation of that signal(s) may offer a new pathway for drug development.
    MeSH term(s) Bariatric Surgery ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Insulin ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Obesity, Morbid ; Weight Loss
    Chemical Substances Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2274243-8
    ISSN 1878-7533 ; 1550-7289
    ISSN (online) 1878-7533
    ISSN 1550-7289
    DOI 10.1016/j.soard.2021.04.004
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  8. Article ; Online: Fasting plasma lactate as a possible early clinical marker for metabolic disease risk.

    Broskey, Nicholas T / Pories, Walter J / DeMaria, Eric J / Jones, Terry E / Tanner, Charles J / Zheng, Donghai / Krassovskaia, Polina M / Mitchell, Lindsay A / Matarese, Laura E / O'Brien, Kevin F / Cortright, Ronald N / Dohm, G Lynis / Houmard, Joseph A

    Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

    2024  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 102955

    Abstract: Background and aim: Elevated fasting plasma lactate concentrations are evident in individuals with metabolic diseases. However, it has yet to be determined if these associations exist in a young, healthy population as a possible early marker for ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Elevated fasting plasma lactate concentrations are evident in individuals with metabolic diseases. However, it has yet to be determined if these associations exist in a young, healthy population as a possible early marker for metabolic disease risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if indices of the metabolic syndrome are related to plasma lactate concentrations in this population.
    Methods: Fifty (29 ± 7 yr) men (n = 19) and women (n = 31) classified as overweight (26.4 ± 1.8 kg/m
    Results: Triglycerides (r = 0.55, p=<0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.53, p=<0.0001), and systolic and diastolic (both, r = 0.36, p = 0.01) blood pressures associated with fasting plasma lactate. No differences in visceral adipose tissue existed between the sexes (p = 0.41); however, the relationship between visceral adipose tissue and lactate existed only in females (r = 0.59, p = 0.02) but not in males (p = 0.53). Fasting lactate and HOMA-IR increased in males (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), but not females, following a three-day high-fat diet.
    Conclusion: Indices of the metabolic syndrome associated with fasting plasma lactates in young relatively healthy individuals. Fasting lactate also increased in a sex-specific manner after a three-day high fat diet. Thus, lactate could become a clinical marker for metabolic disease risk.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Biomarkers ; Fasting ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Obesity/complications ; Young Adult ; Adult
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Insulin ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2273766-2
    ISSN 1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
    ISSN (online) 1878-0334
    ISSN 1871-4021
    DOI 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102955
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  9. Article ; Online: Myogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cell insulin sensitivity is associated with infant adiposity at 1 and 6 months of age.

    Jevtovic, Filip / Zheng, Donghai / Houmard, Joseph A / Kern, Kara / Claiborne, Alex / Lopez, Christian A / Broskey, Nicholas T / Isler, Christy / DeVente, Jim / Newton, Edward / May, Linda E

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 2349–2358

    Abstract: Objective: In adults, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (S: Methods: Females <16 weeks' gestation were randomized to either 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combination exercise or a nonexercising control. At delivery, MSCs ... ...

    Abstract Objective: In adults, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (S
    Methods: Females <16 weeks' gestation were randomized to either 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combination exercise or a nonexercising control. At delivery, MSCs were isolated from umbilical cords and myogenically differentiated, and S
    Results: MSCs from infants of all exercisers had significantly (p < 0.05) higher S
    Conclusions: Exposure to any type of exercise in utero improves offspring S
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Adiposity ; Body Composition ; Insulin Resistance ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.23829
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  10. Article ; Online: Differences in substrate metabolism between African American and Caucasian infants: evidence from mesenchymal stem cells.

    Jevtovic, Filip / Lopez, Christian A / Zheng, Donghai / Cortright, Ronald N / Biagioni, Ericka M / Claiborne, Alex / Isler, Christy / DeVente, James E / Houmard, Joseph A / May, Linda E / Broskey, Nicholas T

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2023  Volume 134, Issue 5, Page(s) 1312–1320

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains scarce. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are racial differences in substrate metabolism evident at birth using a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from offspring umbilical cords. Using radio-labeled tracers, MSCs from offspring of AA and C mothers were tested for glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the undifferentiated state and while undergoing myogenesis in vitro. Undifferentiated MSCs from AA exhibited greater partitioning of glucose toward nonoxidized glucose metabolites. In the myogenic state, AA displayed higher glucose oxidation, but similar fatty acid oxidation rates. In the presence of both glucose and palmitate, but not palmitate only, AA exhibit a higher rate of incomplete fatty acid oxidation evident by a greater production of acid-soluble metabolites. Myogenic differentiation of MSCs elicits an increase in glucose oxidation in AA, but not in C. Together, these data suggest that metabolic differences between AA and C races exist at birth.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Black or African American ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; White People
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acids ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00737.2022
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