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  1. Article ; Online: Sensing the world and its dangers: An evolutionary perspective in neuroimmunology.

    Kraus, Aurora / Buckley, Katherine M / Salinas, Irene

    eLife

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have highlighted the benefits of bringing neurons into the defense game, including regulation ... ...

    Abstract Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have highlighted the benefits of bringing neurons into the defense game, including regulation of immune responses, wound healing, pathogen control, and survival. Here, we summarize the body of knowledge in neuroimmune communication and assert that neuronal participation in the immune response is deeply beneficial in each step of combating infection, from inception to resolution. Despite the documented tight association between the immune and nervous systems in mammals or invertebrate model organisms, interdependence of these two systems is largely unexplored across metazoans. This review brings a phylogenetic perspective of the nervous and immune systems in the context of danger detection and advocates for the use of non-model organisms to diversify the field of neuroimmunology. We identify key taxa that are ripe for investigation due to the emergence of key evolutionary innovations in their immune and nervous systems. This novel perspective will help define the primordial principles that govern neuroimmune communication across taxa.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Immune System/physiology ; Nervous System/immunology ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.66706
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Sensing the world and its dangers

    Aurora Kraus / Katherine M Buckley / Irene Salinas

    eLife, Vol

    An evolutionary perspective in neuroimmunology

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have highlighted the benefits of bringing neurons into the defense game, including regulation ... ...

    Abstract Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have highlighted the benefits of bringing neurons into the defense game, including regulation of immune responses, wound healing, pathogen control, and survival. Here, we summarize the body of knowledge in neuroimmune communication and assert that neuronal participation in the immune response is deeply beneficial in each step of combating infection, from inception to resolution. Despite the documented tight association between the immune and nervous systems in mammals or invertebrate model organisms, interdependence of these two systems is largely unexplored across metazoans. This review brings a phylogenetic perspective of the nervous and immune systems in the context of danger detection and advocates for the use of non-model organisms to diversify the field of neuroimmunology. We identify key taxa that are ripe for investigation due to the emergence of key evolutionary innovations in their immune and nervous systems. This novel perspective will help define the primordial principles that govern neuroimmune communication across taxa.
    Keywords immunology ; nervous system ; neuroimmunology ; non-model organisms ; evolution ; metazoans ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: Olfactory detection of viruses shapes brain immunity and behavior in zebrafish.

    Kraus, Aurora / Garcia, Benjamin / Ma, Jie / Herrera, Kristian J / Zwaka, Hanna / Harpaz, Roy / Wong, Ryan Y / Engert, Florian / Salinas, Irene

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are constantly exposed to pathogens, including viruses. However, serious brain infection via the olfactory route rarely occurs. When OSNs detect a virus, they coordinate local antiviral immune responses to stop virus ... ...

    Abstract Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are constantly exposed to pathogens, including viruses. However, serious brain infection via the olfactory route rarely occurs. When OSNs detect a virus, they coordinate local antiviral immune responses to stop virus progression to the brain. Despite effective immune control in the olfactory periphery, pathogen-triggered neuronal signals reach the CNS via the olfactory bulb (OB). We hypothesized that neuronal detection of a virus by OSNs initiates neuroimmune responses in the OB that prevent pathogen invasion. Using zebrafish (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.03.17.533129
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is sufficient to cause olfactory damage, inflammation and olfactory dysfunction in zebrafish.

    Kraus, Aurora / Huertas, Mar / Ellis, Laura / Boudinot, Pierre / Levraud, Jean-Pierre / Salinas, Irene

    Brain, behavior, and immunity

    2022  Volume 102, Page(s) 341–359

    Abstract: Anosmia, loss of smell, is a prevalent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anosmia may be explained by several mechanisms driven by infection of non-neuronal cells and damage in the nasal epithelium rather than direct infection of olfactory sensory neurons ( ...

    Abstract Anosmia, loss of smell, is a prevalent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anosmia may be explained by several mechanisms driven by infection of non-neuronal cells and damage in the nasal epithelium rather than direct infection of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Previously, we showed that viral proteins are sufficient to cause neuroimmune responses in the teleost olfactory organ (OO). We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein is sufficient to cause olfactory damage and olfactory dysfunction. Using an adult zebrafish model, we report that intranasally delivered SARS-CoV-2 S RBD mostly binds to the non-sensory epithelium of the olfactory organ and causes severe olfactory histopathology characterized by loss of cilia, hemorrhages and edema. Electrophysiological recordings reveal impaired olfactory function to both food and bile odorants in animals treated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 S RBD. However, no loss of behavioral preference for food was detected in SARS-CoV-2 S RBD treated fish. Single cell RNA-Seq of the adult zebrafish olfactory organ indicated widespread loss of olfactory receptor expression and inflammatory responses in sustentacular, endothelial, and myeloid cell clusters along with reduced numbers of T
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anosmia ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Zebrafish
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639219-2
    ISSN 1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
    ISSN (online) 1090-2139
    ISSN 0889-1591
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Compartmentalized ocular lymphatic system mediates eye-brain immunity.

    Yin, Xiangyun / Zhang, Sophia / Lee, Ju Hyun / Dong, Huiping / Mourgkos, George / Terwilliger, Gordon / Kraus, Aurora / Geraldo, Luiz Henrique / Poulet, Mathilde / Fischer, Suzanne / Zhou, Ting / Mohammed, Farrah Shalima / Zhou, Jiangbing / Wang, Yongfu / Malloy, Seth / Rohner, Nicolas / Sharma, Lokesh / Salinas, Irene / Eichmann, Anne /
    Thomas, Jean-Leon / Saltzman, W Mark / Huttner, Anita / Zeiss, Caroline / Ring, Aaron / Iwasaki, Akiko / Song, Eric

    Nature

    2024  Volume 628, Issue 8006, Page(s) 204–211

    Abstract: The eye, an anatomical extension of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibits many molecular and cellular parallels to the brain. Emerging research demonstrates that changes in the brain are often reflected in the eye, particularly in the ... ...

    Abstract The eye, an anatomical extension of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibits many molecular and cellular parallels to the brain. Emerging research demonstrates that changes in the brain are often reflected in the eye, particularly in the retina
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Bacteria/immunology ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/immunology ; Dependovirus/immunology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Eye/immunology ; Glioblastoma/immunology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/immunology ; Intravitreal Injections ; Lymphatic System/anatomy & histology ; Lymphatic System/immunology ; Lymphatic Vessels/anatomy & histology ; Lymphatic Vessels/immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Meninges/immunology ; Optic Nerve/immunology ; Swine ; Zebrafish ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/immunology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-024-07130-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: High-Resolution, 3D Imaging of the Zebrafish Gill-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GIALT) Reveals a Novel Lymphoid Structure, the Amphibranchial Lymphoid Tissue.

    Dalum, Alf S / Kraus, Aurora / Khan, Shanawaz / Davydova, Erna / Rigaudeau, Dimitri / Bjørgen, Håvard / López-Porras, Adrián / Griffiths, Gareth / Wiegertjes, Geert F / Koppang, Erling O / Salinas, Irene / Boudinot, Pierre / Rességuier, Julien

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 769901

    Abstract: The zebrafish is extensively used as an animal model for human and fish diseases. However, our understanding of the structural organization of its immune system remains incomplete, especially the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). Teleost MALTs ... ...

    Abstract The zebrafish is extensively used as an animal model for human and fish diseases. However, our understanding of the structural organization of its immune system remains incomplete, especially the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). Teleost MALTs are commonly perceived as diffuse and scattered populations of immune cells throughout the mucosa. Yet, structured MALTs have been recently discovered in Atlantic salmon (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Fish Diseases/pathology ; Gills/anatomy & histology ; Gills/diagnostic imaging ; Gills/immunology ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology ; Lymphoid Tissue/diagnostic imaging ; Viremia/pathology ; Zebrafish/anatomy & histology ; Zebrafish/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769901
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Olfactory sensory neurons mediate ultrarapid antiviral immune responses in a TrkA-dependent manner.

    Sepahi, Ali / Kraus, Aurora / Casadei, Elisa / Johnston, Christopher A / Galindo-Villegas, Jorge / Kelly, Cecelia / García-Moreno, Diana / Muñoz, Pilar / Mulero, Victoriano / Huertas, Mar / Salinas, Irene

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2019  Volume 116, Issue 25, Page(s) 12428–12436

    Abstract: The nervous system regulates host immunity in complex ways. Vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are located in direct contact with pathogens; however, OSNs' ability to detect danger and initiate immune responses is unclear. We report that nasal ... ...

    Abstract The nervous system regulates host immunity in complex ways. Vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are located in direct contact with pathogens; however, OSNs' ability to detect danger and initiate immune responses is unclear. We report that nasal delivery of rhabdoviruses induces apoptosis in crypt OSNs via the interaction of the OSN TrkA receptor with the viral glycoprotein in teleost fish. This signal results in electrical activation of neurons and very rapid proinflammatory responses in the olfactory organ (OO), but dampened inflammation in the olfactory bulb (OB). CD8α
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus/immunology ; Nasal Mucosa/immunology ; Nasal Mucosa/virology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/virology ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptor, trkA (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1900083116
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2

    Kraus, Aurora / Casadei, Elisa / Huertas, Mar / Ye, Chunyan / Bradfute, Steven / Boudinot, Pierre / Levraud, Jean-Pierre / Salinas, Irene

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the search for animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiology observed in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 and allow rapid and high throughput testing of drugs and vaccines. Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the search for animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiology observed in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 and allow rapid and high throughput testing of drugs and vaccines. Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein was sufficient to elevate larval heart rate and treatment with captopril, an ACE inhibitor, reverted this effect. Intranasal administration of SARS-CoV-2 S RBD in adult zebrafish recombinant protein caused severe olfactory and mild renal histopathology. Zebrafish intranasally treated with SARS-CoV-2 S RBD became hyposmic within minutes and completely anosmic by 1 day to a broad-spectrum of odorants including bile acids and food. Single cell RNA-Seq of the adult zebrafish olfactory organ indicated widespread loss of expression of olfactory receptors as well as inflammatory responses in sustentacular, endothelial, and myeloid cell clusters. Exposure of wildtype zebrafish larvae to SARS-CoV-2 in water did not support active viral replication but caused a sustained inhibition of ace2 expression, triggered type 1 cytokine responses and inhibited type 2 cytokine responses. Combined, our results establish adult and larval zebrafish as useful models to investigate pathophysiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 and perform pre-clinical drug testing and validation in an inexpensive, high throughput vertebrate model.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher BioRxiv; WHO
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.11.06.368191
    Database COVID19

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  9. Article ; Online: A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2

    Kraus, Aurora / Casadei, Elisa / Huertas, Mar / Ye, Chunyan / Bradfute, Steven B / Boudinot, Pierre / Levraud, Jean-Pierre / Salinas, Irene

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the search for animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiology observed in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 and allow rapid and high throughput testing of drugs and vaccines. Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the search for animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiology observed in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 and allow rapid and high throughput testing of drugs and vaccines. Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein was sufficient to elevate larval heart rate and treatment with captopril, an ACE inhibitor, reverted this effect. Intranasal administration of SARS-CoV-2 S RBD in adult zebrafish recombinant protein caused severe olfactory and mild renal histopathology. Zebrafish intranasally treated with SARS-CoV-2 S RBD became hyposmic within minutes and completely anosmic by 1 day to a broad-spectrum of odorants including bile acids and food. Single cell RNA-Seq of the adult zebrafish olfactory organ indicated widespread loss of expression of olfactory receptors as well as inflammatory responses in sustentacular, endothelial, and myeloid cell clusters. Exposure of wildtype zebrafish larvae to SARS-CoV-2 in water did not support active viral replication but caused a sustained inhibition of ace2 expression, triggered type 1 cytokine responses and inhibited type 2 cytokine responses. Combined, our results establish adult and larval zebrafish as useful models to investigate pathophysiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 and perform pre-clinical drug testing and validation in an inexpensive, high throughput vertebrate model.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-08
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.11.06.368191
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: Telomerase abrogates aneuploidy-induced telomere replication stress, senescence and cell depletion.

    Meena, Jitendra K / Cerutti, Aurora / Beichler, Christine / Morita, Yohei / Bruhn, Christopher / Kumar, Mukesh / Kraus, Johann M / Speicher, Michael R / Wang, Zhao-Qi / Kestler, Hans A / Fagagna, Fabrizio d'Adda di / Günes, Cagatay / Rudolph, Karl Lenhard

    The EMBO journal

    2017  Volume 36, Issue 19, Page(s) 2922–2924

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 586044-1
    ISSN 1460-2075 ; 0261-4189
    ISSN (online) 1460-2075
    ISSN 0261-4189
    DOI 10.15252/embj.201797470
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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