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  1. Article ; Online: Measurement invariance of physical, mental, and social health PROMIS measures across individuals with spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.

    Patrick, Sarah D / Sanders, Gavin / Boulton, Aaron J / Tulsky, David S

    Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 2223–2233

    Abstract: Purpose: The present study tested the fit and comparability of the tripartite model of health (Physical Health, Mental Health, and Social Health) proposed by the NIH PROMIS for adults with SCI and TBI.: Methods: Participants were 630 adults with ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The present study tested the fit and comparability of the tripartite model of health (Physical Health, Mental Health, and Social Health) proposed by the NIH PROMIS for adults with SCI and TBI.
    Methods: Participants were 630 adults with spinal cord injury (SCI; n = 336) and traumatic brain injury (TBI; n = 294) who completed 8 PROMIS short forms. The Physical Health domain is composed of the Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Fatigue scales. The Mental Health domain included the Depression, Anxiety, and Anger scales. Social Health included the Social Emotional Support scale.
    Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported the tripartite model of health over a unifactorial model of health for both SCI and TBI groups. Measurement invariance testing indicated the tripartite model met the level of configural and metric invariance for TBI and SCI groups, suggesting comparable structure and factor loadings. Failure to meet the level of scalar invariance indicated unequal intercepts across groups. Physical Function was identified as the source of noninvariance, and a partial scalar invariance model permitting different Physical Function intercepts across conditions was supported.
    Conclusion: Consistent with theory, findings supported construct validity of the PROMIS tripartite structure of health composed of Physical, Mental, and Social Health. PROMIS measures appeared to tap domains of health consistent with what is accepted for SCI and TBI populations, although the measurement of Physical Function was not equivalent across groups. Findings support the utility of PROMIS broadly as well as the need for condition-optimized measurement.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/psychology ; Humans ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161148-0
    ISSN 1573-2649 ; 0962-9343
    ISSN (online) 1573-2649
    ISSN 0962-9343
    DOI 10.1007/s11136-022-03114-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Dysregulation of ACE-1 in Normal Aging and the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease.

    MacLachlan, Robert / Kehoe, Patrick Gavin / Miners, J Scott

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2022  Volume 77, Issue 9, Page(s) 1775–1783

    Abstract: An imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with cognitive decline and disease pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we have investigated changes in the brain angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin-II ...

    Abstract An imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with cognitive decline and disease pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we have investigated changes in the brain angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II), and the counter-regulatory angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), in the frontal and temporal cortex during normal aging and in the early stages of AD. We studied a cohort of normal aging (n = 121; 19-95 years age-at-death) from the Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and AD and age-matched controls (n = 60) from the South West Dementia Brain Bank, University of Bristol, United Kingdom, stratified according to Braak tangle stage (BS): 0-II, III-IV (intermediate disease), and V-VI (end-stage disease). ACE-1 and ACE-2 enzyme activity were measured using fluorogenic peptide activity assays. ACE-1, ACE-2, and Ang-II protein level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In both regions, ACE-1 protein and Ang-II levels correlated positively with age whereas ACE-1 enzyme activity was inversely related to age. ACE-1 protein correlated positively with Ang-II, whilst ACE-1 activity correlated inversely with Ang-II in normal aging. ACE-1 enzyme activity was elevated at an early/intermediate stage, BS III-IV compared to BS 0-II in the temporal cortex in AD. ACE-2 protein and enzyme activity were unchanged with aging and in AD. In conclusion, ACE-1 activity is induced in the early stages of AD independently from normal physiological age-related changes in ACE-1 protein.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Angiotensin II ; Humans ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glac083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Dendrillic Acids A and B: Nitrogenous, Rearranged Spongian Nor-Diterpenes from a

    Sala, Samuele / James, Patrick J C / Nealon, Gareth L / Fromont, Jane / Gomez, Oliver / Vuong, Daniel / Lacey, Ernest / Flematti, Gavin R

    Journal of natural products

    2023  Volume 86, Issue 3, Page(s) 482–489

    Abstract: Two nitrogenous rearranged spongian nor-diterpenoids, dendrillic acids A and B, were isolated from a marine ... ...

    Abstract Two nitrogenous rearranged spongian nor-diterpenoids, dendrillic acids A and B, were isolated from a marine sponge
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Molecular Structure ; Porifera/chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Diterpenes/chemistry ; Cell Line
    Chemical Substances Diterpenes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 304325-3
    ISSN 1520-6025 ; 0163-3864
    ISSN (online) 1520-6025
    ISSN 0163-3864
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01087
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: Error Mitigation for Thermodynamic Computing

    Aifer, Maxwell / Melanson, Denis / Donatella, Kaelan / Crooks, Gavin / Ahle, Thomas / Coles, Patrick J.

    2024  

    Abstract: While physics-based computing can offer speed and energy efficiency compared to digital computing, it also is subject to errors that must be mitigated. For example, many error mitigation methods have been proposed for quantum computing. However this ... ...

    Abstract While physics-based computing can offer speed and energy efficiency compared to digital computing, it also is subject to errors that must be mitigated. For example, many error mitigation methods have been proposed for quantum computing. However this error mitigation framework has yet to be applied to other physics-based computing paradigms. In this work, we consider thermodynamic computing, which has recently captured attention due to its relevance to artificial intelligence (AI) applications, such as probabilistic AI and generative AI. A key source of errors in this paradigm is the imprecision of the analog hardware components. Here, we introduce a method that reduces the overall error from a linear to a quadratic dependence (from $\epsilon$ to $\epsilon^2$) on the imprecision $\epsilon$, for Gaussian sampling and linear algebra applications. The method involves sampling from an ensemble of imprecise distributions associated with various rounding events and then merging these samples. We numerically demonstrate the scalability of this method for dimensions greater than 1000. Finally, we implement this method on an actual thermodynamic computer and show $20\%$ error reduction for matrix inversion; the first thermodynamic error mitigation experiment.

    Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Emerging Technologies ; Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ; Quantum Physics
    Subject code 518
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Infographic: Total hip arthroplasty in golfers.

    Khan, Shujaa T / Robinson, Patrick G / MacDonald, Deborah J / Murray, Andrew D / Murray, Iain R / Macpherson, Gavin J / Clement, Nick D

    Bone & joint open

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 152–154

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2633-1462
    ISSN (online) 2633-1462
    DOI 10.1302/2633-1462.32.BJO-2022-0007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Concussion incidence and mechanisms differ between elite females and males in Australian Football.

    Sunderland, Patrick J / Davis, Gavin A / Hearps, Stephen J C / Anderson, Hamish H / Gastin, Tom J / Green, Brady D / Makdissi, Michael

    Journal of science and medicine in sport

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 214–219

    Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the incidence and the game circumstances of concussion in the professional female (AFLW) and male (AFL) competitions of Australian Football, to identify potential targets for risk reduction.: Design: Retrospective cohort.!## ...

    Abstract Objectives: To investigate the incidence and the game circumstances of concussion in the professional female (AFLW) and male (AFL) competitions of Australian Football, to identify potential targets for risk reduction.
    Design: Retrospective cohort.
    Methods: Concussion data were obtained from the AFL injury database, which included all concussions sustained by AFL (Male) players from 2015 to 18 and AFLW (Female) players from 2017 to 19. Concussions were diagnosed by experienced clinicians utilising standardised concussion assessment tools and injury definitions, as well as video review. Video footage was analysed to determine the circumstances each concussion occurred, which included the action and the contact-point of impact.
    Results: The incidence of concussion was higher in the AFLW (Female) compared to the AFL (Male) (IRR = 2.12, 95 %CI 1.54 to 2.92). Video footage was available for 194/252 (77 %) concussions in the AFL and 35/44 (80 %) concussions in the AFLW. Male players were most frequently concussed during marking contests (28 %) with primary impact from the upper limb (22 %) or the shoulder (19 %). Conversely, being bumped (23 %) or tackled (20 %) were the main actions associated with concussion in female players, with the head (29 %) or the ground (23 %) the most common contact-points of impact.
    Conclusions: In elite Australian Football a higher incidence of concussion was demonstrated in female compared to male players. The mechanisms associated with concussion were also found to differ between male and female competitions, suggesting that different injury prevention interventions may be beneficial. In particular, a review of tackling and bumping skills training and education in the AFLW may reduce the risk of concussion.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology ; Athletic Injuries/etiology ; Australia/epidemiology ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Team Sports
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1437829-2
    ISSN 1878-1861 ; 1440-2440
    ISSN (online) 1878-1861
    ISSN 1440-2440
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.12.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Systematics and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of the Enigmatic Late Jurassic Shark

    Jambura, Patrick L / Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo / Türtscher, Julia / Begat, Arnaud / Staggl, Manuel Andreas / Stumpf, Sebastian / Kindlimann, René / Klug, Stefanie / Lacombat, Frederic / Pohl, Burkhard / Maisey, John G / Naylor, Gavin J P / Kriwet, Jürgen

    Diversity

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 311

    Abstract: The Late Jurassic ... ...

    Abstract The Late Jurassic elasmobranch
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518137-3
    ISSN 1424-2818
    ISSN 1424-2818
    DOI 10.3390/d15030311
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Type I interferon blockade with anifrolumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus modulates key immunopathological pathways in a gene expression and proteomic analysis of two phase 3 trials.

    Baker, Tina / Sharifian, Hoda / Newcombe, Paul J / Gavin, Patrick G / Lazarus, Mark N / Ramaswamy, Madhu / White, Wendy I / Ferrari, Nicola / Muthas, Daniel / Tummala, Raj / Morand, Eric F / Furie, Richard / Vital, Edward M / Chamberlain, Chris / Platt, Adam / Al-Mossawi, Hussein / Brohawn, Philip Z / Csomor, Eszter

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Anifrolumab is a type I interferon (IFN) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) blocking antibody approved for treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanisms of anifrolumab using longitudinal ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Anifrolumab is a type I interferon (IFN) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) blocking antibody approved for treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanisms of anifrolumab using longitudinal transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the 52-week, randomised, phase 3 TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 trials.
    Methods: Patients with moderate to severe SLE were enrolled in TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 and received intravenous anifrolumab or placebo alongside standard therapy. Whole-blood expression of 18 017 genes using genome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) (pooled TULIP; anifrolumab, n=244; placebo, n=258) and 184 plasma proteins using Olink and Simoa panels (TULIP-1; anifrolumab, n=124; placebo, n=132) were analysed. We compared treatment groups via gene set enrichment analysis using MetaBase pathway analysis, blood transcriptome modules, in silico deconvolution of RNA-seq and longitudinal linear mixed effect models for gene counts and protein levels.
    Results: Compared with placebo, anifrolumab modulated >2000 genes by week 24, with overlapping results at week 52 and 41 proteins by week 52. IFNAR1 blockade with anifrolumab downregulated multiple type I and II IFN-induced gene modules/pathways and type III IFN-λ protein levels, and impacted apoptosis-associated and neutrophil extracellular trap-associated transcriptional pathways, innate cell activating chemokines and receptors, proinflammatory cytokines and B-cell activating cytokines. In silico deconvolution of RNA-seq data indicated an increase from baseline of mucosal-associated invariant and γδT cells and a decrease of monocytes following anifrolumab treatment.
    Discussion: Type I IFN blockade with anifrolumab modulated multiple inflammatory pathways downstream of type I IFN signalling, including apoptotic, innate and adaptive mechanisms that play key roles in SLE immunopathogenesis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7090-7
    ISSN 1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
    ISSN (online) 1468-2060
    ISSN 0003-4967
    DOI 10.1136/ard-2023-225445
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Significantly lower 30 day/inpatient mortality observed in people who inject drugs (PWID) compared to non-PWID with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

    Mortimer, Isabel / Drury, Katie / Lowe, Shakeel / Akhtar, Marium / Barlow, Gavin D / Easom, Nicholas / Lillie, Patrick J

    The Journal of infection

    2022  Volume 85, Issue 4, Page(s) 436–480

    MeSH term(s) Bacteremia/complications ; Drug Users ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 424417-5
    ISSN 1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
    ISSN (online) 1532-2742
    ISSN 0163-4453
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.06.010
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  10. Book ; Online: Thermodynamic Matrix Exponentials and Thermodynamic Parallelism

    Duffield, Samuel / Aifer, Maxwell / Crooks, Gavin / Ahle, Thomas / Coles, Patrick J.

    2023  

    Abstract: Thermodynamic computing exploits fluctuations and dissipation in physical systems to efficiently solve various mathematical problems. For example, it was recently shown that certain linear algebra problems can be solved thermodynamically, leading to an ... ...

    Abstract Thermodynamic computing exploits fluctuations and dissipation in physical systems to efficiently solve various mathematical problems. For example, it was recently shown that certain linear algebra problems can be solved thermodynamically, leading to an asymptotic speedup scaling with the matrix dimension. The origin of this "thermodynamic advantage" has not yet been fully explained, and it is not clear what other problems might benefit from it. Here we provide a new thermodynamic algorithm for exponentiating a real matrix, with applications in simulating linear dynamical systems. We describe a simple electrical circuit involving coupled oscillators, whose thermal equilibration can implement our algorithm. We also show that this algorithm also provides an asymptotic speedup that is linear in the dimension. Finally, we introduce the concept of thermodynamic parallelism to explain this speedup, stating that thermodynamic noise provides a resource leading to effective parallelization of computations, and we hypothesize this as a mechanism to explain thermodynamic advantage more generally.

    Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ; Computer Science - Emerging Technologies ; Quantum Physics
    Publishing date 2023-11-21
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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