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Book: Sensation & perception

Wolfe, Jeremy M. / Kluender, Keith R. / Levi, Dennis M. / Bartoshuk, Linda M. / Herz, Rachel / Klatzky, Roberta L. / Merfeld, Daniel M.

2022

Abstract: Sensation & Perception, Sixth Edition, introduces students to their own senses, emphasizing human sensory and perceptual experience and the basic neuroscientific underpinnings of that experience. The authors, specialists in their respective domains, ... ...

Author's details	Jeremy M. Wolfe (Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School), Keith R. Kluender (Purdue University), Dennis M. Levi (University of California, Berkeley), Linda M. Bartoshuk (University of Florida), Rachel S. Herz (Brown University), Roberta L. Klatzky (Carnegie Mellon University), Daniel M. Merfeld (The Ohio State Universtiy)
Abstract	Sensation & Perception, Sixth Edition, introduces students to their own senses, emphasizing human sensory and perceptual experience and the basic neuroscientific underpinnings of that experience. The authors, specialists in their respective domains, strive to spread their enthusiasm for fundamental questions about the human senses and the impact that answers to those questions can have on medical and societal issues.
Keywords	Sinnesorgan ; Wahrnehmung ; Sinnesphysiologie ; Wahrnehmungspsychologie
Subject	Sinnespsychologie ; Wahrnehmung ; Perzeption ; Sensorischer Prozess ; Sinnesmodalität ; Sinneswahrnehmung ; Sinnliche Wahrnehmung ; Aisthesis ; Aisthetik ; Wahrnehmungsprozess ; Sensation ; Rezeptionsorgan
Language	English
Size	xix, 513, G-20, R-24, I-13 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme
Edition	International sixth edition
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publishing place	New York
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
Note	"This version of the text has been adapted and customized. Not for sale in the USA or Canada." - Haupttitelseite
HBZ-ID	HT021148433
ISBN	978-0-19-755196-7 ; 0-19-755196-3
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
2022 A 424	available for loan (reading room)	Lesesaal EG

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Article ; Online: How one block of trials influences the next: persistent effects of disease prevalence and feedback on decisions about images of skin lesions in a large online study.

Wolfe, Jeremy M

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2022 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

Abstract: Using an online, medical image labeling app, 803 individuals rated images of skin lesions as either "melanoma" (skin cancer) or "nevus" (a skin mole). Each block consisted of 80 images. Blocks could have high (50%) or low (20%) target prevalence and ... ...

Abstract	Using an online, medical image labeling app, 803 individuals rated images of skin lesions as either "melanoma" (skin cancer) or "nevus" (a skin mole). Each block consisted of 80 images. Blocks could have high (50%) or low (20%) target prevalence and could provide full, accurate feedback or no feedback. As in prior work, with feedback, decision criteria were more conservative at low prevalence than at high prevalence and resulted in more miss errors. Without feedback, this low prevalence effect was reversed (albeit, not significantly). Participants could participate in up to four different conditions a day on each of 6 days. Our main interest was in the effect of Block N on Block N + 1. Low prevalence with feedback made participants more conservative on a subsequent block. High prevalence with feedback made participants more liberal on a subsequent block. Conditions with no feedback had no significant impact on the subsequent block. The delay between Blocks 1 and 2 had no significant effect. The effect on the second half of Block 2 was just as large as on the first half. Medical expertise (over the range available in the study) had no impact on these effects, though medical students were better at the task than other groups. Overall, these seem to be robust effects where feedback may be 'teaching' participants how to respond in the future. This might have application in, for example, training or re-training situations.
MeSH term(s)	Feedback ; Humans ; Melanoma/pathology ; Prevalence ; Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-022-00362-0
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Article ; Online: Visual Perception: How Better Imaging Can Make Things Worse.

Wolfe, Jeremy M

Current biology : CB

2021 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) R246–R248

Abstract: Visual search is critical to daily life and to socially important tasks - from cancer screening to airport security. New research shows how a technological advancement can interact with the human visual system to improve search for one type of target ... ...

Abstract	Visual search is critical to daily life and to socially important tasks - from cancer screening to airport security. New research shows how a technological advancement can interact with the human visual system to improve search for one type of target while making matters worse for another. Part of the problem is that we are surprisingly bad at knowing where we have looked.
MeSH term(s)	Airports ; Humans ; Security Measures ; Visual Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.011
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Zs.A 3208: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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Article ; Online: Guided Search 6.0: An updated model of visual search.

Wolfe, Jeremy M

Psychonomic bulletin & review

2021 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 1060–1092

Abstract: This paper describes Guided Search 6.0 (GS6), a revised model of visual search. When we encounter a scene, we can see something everywhere. However, we cannot recognize more than a few items at a time. Attention is used to select items so that their ... ...

Abstract	This paper describes Guided Search 6.0 (GS6), a revised model of visual search. When we encounter a scene, we can see something everywhere. However, we cannot recognize more than a few items at a time. Attention is used to select items so that their features can be "bound" into recognizable objects. Attention is "guided" so that items can be processed in an intelligent order. In GS6, this guidance comes from five sources of preattentive information: (1) top-down and (2) bottom-up feature guidance, (3) prior history (e.g., priming), (4) reward, and (5) scene syntax and semantics. These sources are combined into a spatial "priority map," a dynamic attentional landscape that evolves over the course of search. Selective attention is guided to the most active location in the priority map approximately 20 times per second. Guidance will not be uniform across the visual field. It will favor items near the point of fixation. Three types of functional visual field (FVFs) describe the nature of these foveal biases. There is a resolution FVF, an FVF governing exploratory eye movements, and an FVF governing covert deployments of attention. To be identified as targets or rejected as distractors, items must be compared to target templates held in memory. The binding and recognition of an attended object is modeled as a diffusion process taking > 150 ms/item. Since selection occurs more frequently than that, it follows that multiple items are undergoing recognition at the same time, though asynchronously, making GS6 a hybrid of serial and parallel processes. In GS6, if a target is not found, search terminates when an accumulating quitting signal reaches a threshold. Setting of that threshold is adaptive, allowing feedback about performance to shape subsequent searches. Simulation shows that the combination of asynchronous diffusion and a quitting signal can produce the basic patterns of response time and error data from a range of search experiments.
MeSH term(s)	Attention ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Reaction Time ; Visual Fields ; Visual Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2031311-1
ISSN	1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
ISSN (online)	1531-5320
ISSN	1069-9384
DOI	10.3758/s13423-020-01859-9
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Article ; Online: Major issues in the study of visual search: Part 2 of "40 Years of Feature Integration: Special Issue in Memory of Anne Treisman".

Wolfe, Jeremy M

Attention, perception & psychophysics

2020 Volume 82, Issue 2, Page(s) 383–393

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2464550-3
ISSN	1943-393X ; 1943-3921
ISSN (online)	1943-393X
ISSN	1943-3921
DOI	10.3758/s13414-020-02022-1
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Article ; Online: Forty years after feature integration theory: An introduction to the special issue in honor of the contributions of Anne Treisman.

Wolfe, Jeremy M

Attention, perception & psychophysics

2020 Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–6

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2464550-3
ISSN	1943-393X ; 1943-3921
ISSN (online)	1943-393X
ISSN	1943-3921
DOI	10.3758/s13414-019-01966-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Toward viewing behavior for aerial scene categorization.

Jiang, Chenxi / Chen, Zhenzhong / Wolfe, Jeremy M

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2024 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

Abstract: Previous work has demonstrated similarities and differences between aerial and terrestrial image viewing. Aerial scene categorization, a pivotal visual processing task for gathering geoinformation, heavily depends on rotation-invariant information. ... ...

Abstract	Previous work has demonstrated similarities and differences between aerial and terrestrial image viewing. Aerial scene categorization, a pivotal visual processing task for gathering geoinformation, heavily depends on rotation-invariant information. Aerial image-centered research has revealed effects of low-level features on performance of various aerial image interpretation tasks. However, there are fewer studies of viewing behavior for aerial scene categorization and of higher-level factors that might influence that categorization. In this paper, experienced subjects' eye movements were recorded while they were asked to categorize aerial scenes. A typical viewing center bias was observed. Eye movement patterns varied among categories. We explored the relationship of nine image statistics to observers' eye movements. Results showed that if the images were less homogeneous, and/or if they contained fewer or no salient diagnostic objects, viewing behavior became more exploratory. Higher- and object-level image statistics were predictive at both the image and scene category levels. Scanpaths were generally organized and small differences in scanpath randomness could be roughly captured by critical object saliency. Participants tended to fixate on critical objects. Image statistics included in this study showed rotational invariance. The results supported our hypothesis that the availability of diagnostic objects strongly influences eye movements in this task. In addition, this study provides supporting evidence for Loschky et al.'s (Journal of Vision, 15(6), 11, 2015) speculation that aerial scenes are categorized on the basis of image parts and individual objects. The findings were discussed in relation to theories of scene perception and their implications for automation development.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Visual Perception ; Eye Movements ; Automation ; Records
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-024-00541-1
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Article ; Online: Errors in visual search: Are they stochastic or deterministic?

Li, Aoqi / Hulleman, Johan / Wolfe, Jeremy M

Cognitive research: principles and implications

2024 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

Abstract: In any visual search task in the lab or in the world, observers will make errors. Those errors can be categorized as "deterministic": If you miss this target in this display once, you will definitely miss it again. Alternatively, errors can be " ... ...

Abstract	In any visual search task in the lab or in the world, observers will make errors. Those errors can be categorized as "deterministic": If you miss this target in this display once, you will definitely miss it again. Alternatively, errors can be "stochastic", occurring randomly with some probability from trial to trial. Researchers and practitioners have sought to reduce errors in visual search, but different types of errors might require different techniques for mitigation. To empirically categorize errors in a simple search task, our observers searched for the letter "T" among "L" distractors, with each display presented twice. When the letters were clearly visible (white letters on a gray background), the errors were almost completely stochastic (Exp 1). An error made on the first appearance of a display did not predict that an error would be made on the second appearance. When the visibility of the letters was manipulated (letters of different gray levels on a noisy background), the errors became a mix of stochastic and deterministic. Unsurprisingly, lower contrast targets produced more deterministic errors. (Exp 2). Using the stimuli of Exp 2, we tested whether errors could be reduced using cues that guided attention around the display but knew nothing about the content of that display (Exp3a, b). This had no effect, but cueing all item locations did succeed in reducing deterministic errors (Exp3c).
MeSH term(s)	Attention ; Cues ; Probability ; Visual Perception ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2365-7464
ISSN (online)	2365-7464
DOI	10.1186/s41235-024-00543-z
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Article ; Online: Visual Search: How Do We Find What We Are Looking For?

Wolfe, Jeremy M

Annual review of vision science

2020 Volume 6, Page(s) 539–562

Abstract: In visual search tasks, observers look for targets among distractors. In the lab, this often takes the form of multiple searches for a simple shape that may or may not be present among other items scattered at random on a computer screen (e.g., Find a ... ...

Abstract	In visual search tasks, observers look for targets among distractors. In the lab, this often takes the form of multiple searches for a simple shape that may or may not be present among other items scattered at random on a computer screen (e.g., Find a red T among other letters that are either black or red.). In the real world, observers may search for multiple classes of target in complex scenes that occur only once (e.g., As I emerge from the subway, can I find lunch, my friend, and a street sign in the scene before me?). This article reviews work on how search is guided intelligently. I ask how serial and parallel processes collaborate in visual search, describe the distinction between search templates in working memory and target templates in long-term memory, and consider how searches are terminated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2805730-2
ISSN	2374-4650 ; 2374-4642
ISSN (online)	2374-4650
ISSN	2374-4642
DOI	10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-015048
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Article ; Online: Hybrid visual and memory search for scenes and objects with variable viewpoints.

Zou, Bochao / Huang, Zhe / Alaoui-Soce, Abla / Wolfe, Jeremy M

Journal of vision

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

Abstract: In hybrid search, observers search visual arrays for any of several target types held in memory. The key finding in hybrid search is that response times (RTs) increase as a linear function of the number of items in a display (visual set size), but RTs ... ...

Abstract	In hybrid search, observers search visual arrays for any of several target types held in memory. The key finding in hybrid search is that response times (RTs) increase as a linear function of the number of items in a display (visual set size), but RTs increase linearly with the log of the memory set size. Previous experiments have shown this result for specific targets (find exactly this picture of a boot on a blank background) and for broad categorical targets (find any animal). Arguably, these are rather unnatural situations. In the real world, objects are parts of scenes and are seen from multiple viewpoints. The present experiments generalize the hybrid search findings to scenes (Experiment 1) and multiple viewpoints (Experiment 2). The results replicated the basic pattern of hybrid search results: RTs increased logarithmically with the number of scene photos/categories held in memory. Experiment 3 controls the experiment for which viewpoints were seen in an initial learning phase. The results replicate the findings of Experiment 2. Experiment 4 compares hybrid search for specific viewpoints, variable viewpoints, and categorical targets. Search difficulty increases from specific viewpoints to variable viewpoints and then to categorical targets. The results of the four experiments show the generality of logarithmic search through memory in hybrid search.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Learning ; Reaction Time
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2106064-2
ISSN	1534-7362 ; 1534-7362
ISSN (online)	1534-7362
ISSN	1534-7362
DOI	10.1167/jov.24.1.5
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