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Article: Septic encephalopathy in the elderly - biomarkers of potential clinical utility.

Schütze, Sandra / Drevets, Douglas A / Tauber, Simone C / Nau, Roland

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1238149

Abstract: Next to acute sickness behavior, septic encephalopathy is the most frequent involvement of the brain during infection. It is characterized by a cross-talk of pro-inflammatory cells across the blood-brain barrier, by microglial activation and leukocyte ... ...

Abstract	Next to acute sickness behavior, septic encephalopathy is the most frequent involvement of the brain during infection. It is characterized by a cross-talk of pro-inflammatory cells across the blood-brain barrier, by microglial activation and leukocyte migration, but not by the entry of infecting organisms into the brain tissue. Septic encephalopathy is very frequent in older persons because of their limited cognitive reserve. The predominant clinical manifestation is delirium, whereas focal neurological signs and symptoms are absent. Electroencephalography is a very sensitive method to detect functional abnormalities, but these abnormalities are not specific for septic encephalopathy and of limited prognostic value. Routine cerebral imaging by computer tomography usually fails to visualize the subtle abnormalities produced by septic involvement of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging is by far more sensitive to detect vasogenic edema, diffuse axonal injury or small ischemic lesions. Routine laboratory parameters most suitable to monitor sepsis, but not specific for septic encephalopathy, are C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. The additional measurement of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α increases the accuracy to predict delirium and an unfavorable outcome. The most promising laboratory parameters to quantify neuronal and axonal injury caused by septic encephalopathy are neurofilament light chains (NfL) and S100B protein. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) plasma concentrations are strongly influenced by hemolysis. We propose to determine NSE only in non-hemolytic plasma or serum samples for the estimation of outcome in septic encephalopathy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2023.1238149
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Article ; Online: The importance of being in or out.

Drevets, Douglas A

FEMS microbiology letters

2017 Volume 364, Issue 10

Abstract: Phagocytosis is an essential function of host defenses against invading microbes, and the study of phagocytosis relies on knowing if a target object is bound to the outer surface of a cell, or has been internalized by it. In the inaugural year of FEMS ... ...

Abstract	Phagocytosis is an essential function of host defenses against invading microbes, and the study of phagocytosis relies on knowing if a target object is bound to the outer surface of a cell, or has been internalized by it. In the inaugural year of FEMS Microbiology Letters, Dr Jan Hed published a novel technique for discriminating between intracellular and extracellularly bound bacteria and yeasts. The original method used crystal violet to quench the fluorescence emission of extracellular fluorescein-labeled bacteria and yeasts while leaving intracellular particles largely unaffected. The technique of fluorescence quenching was a major catalyst for phagocytosis research using living cells, in part due to its accuracy, flexibility and adaptability to a variety of experimental systems.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Neutrophils/cytology ; Neutrophils/microbiology ; Phagocytosis ; Yeasts
Chemical Substances	Fluorescent Dyes
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752343-9
ISSN	1574-6968 ; 0378-1097
ISSN (online)	1574-6968
ISSN	0378-1097
DOI	10.1093/femsle/fnx067
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Article ; Online: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Presenting as Anterior Nasal Mass and Epistaxis.

Ijaz, Sardar H / Aglan, Amro / Nusrat, Sanober / Shahnawaz, Areeba / Drevets, Douglas A

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 23247096221150633

Abstract: Lung malignancy presentation with an uncommon metastatic site is a diagnostic challenge and often associated with poor prognosis. Nasal cavity is a rare metastatic site for any type of lung cancer. We report an unusual case of poorly differentiated ... ...

Abstract	Lung malignancy presentation with an uncommon metastatic site is a diagnostic challenge and often associated with poor prognosis. Nasal cavity is a rare metastatic site for any type of lung cancer. We report an unusual case of poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung with widespread metastasis presenting as a right vestibular nasal mass with epistaxis. A 76-year-old male patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 80 pack-year smoking history presented with spontaneous epistaxis. He reported a new rapidly growing right-sided nasal vestibular mass first noticed 2 weeks prior. Physical examination showed fleshy mass with crusting in right nasal vestibule along with a left nasal domus mass. Imaging revealed an ovoid mass in the right anterior nostril and a large mass in the right upper lobe of the lung (RULL) along with thoracic vertebral sclerotic metastasis and large left frontal lobe hemorrhagic lesion with severe vasogenic edema. Positron emission tomography scan showed large right upper lobe mass and suspected to be the primary malignancy along with widespread metastasis. Biopsy of the nasal lesion revealed poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma with squamous and glandular features. The diagnosis of very poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung with widespread metastasis was made. In conclusion, unusual metastatic sites with unknown primary lesions require a thorough diagnostic workup involving biopsy and extensive imaging. Lung cancer with unusual metastatic sites is inherently aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. Multidisciplinary treatment modalities should be employed keeping in view the functional status and comorbidities of the patient.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Epistaxis/diagnosis ; Epistaxis/therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Biopsy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2710326-2
ISSN	2324-7096 ; 2324-7096
ISSN (online)	2324-7096
ISSN	2324-7096
DOI	10.1177/23247096221150633
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Article ; Online: Progressive cognitive impairment after recovery from neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive

Cassidy, Benjamin R / Logan, Sreemathi / Farley, Julie A / Owen, Daniel B / Sonntag, William E / Drevets, Douglas A

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1146690

Abstract: Background: Neuro-cognitive impairment is a deleterious complication of bacterial infections that is difficult to treat or prevent. : Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (age 8 wks) were injected with neuroinvasive : Results: Changes suggesting cognitive ... ...

Abstract	Background: Neuro-cognitive impairment is a deleterious complication of bacterial infections that is difficult to treat or prevent. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (age 8 wks) were injected with neuroinvasive Results: Changes suggesting cognitive decline were observed 1 mo p.i. in both groups of infected mice compared with uninfected controls, but were more widespread and significantly worse 4 mo p.i. and most notably after Conclusions: Systemic infection by neuroinvasive as well as non-neuroinvasive
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Listeria monocytogenes ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Listeriosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146690
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Article: Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection in aged mice induces long-term neuroinflammation: the role of miR-155.

Cassidy, Benjamin R / Sonntag, William E / Leenen, Pieter J M / Drevets, Douglas A

Immunity & ageing : I & A

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 25

Abstract: Background: Understanding mechanisms of pathologic neuroinflammation is essential for improving outcomes after central nervous system infections. Brain tissue-resident memory T cells (bT: Methods: Young (2 mo) and aged (> 18 mo) male C57BL/6 mice ... ...

Abstract	Background: Understanding mechanisms of pathologic neuroinflammation is essential for improving outcomes after central nervous system infections. Brain tissue-resident memory T cells (bT Methods: Young (2 mo) and aged (> 18 mo) male C57BL/6 mice were infected intra-peritoneally with wild-type Lm, or avirulent Lm mutants lacking the genes required for intracellular motility (ΔactA) or phagosomal escape (Δhly), then were given antibiotics. Brain leukocytes and their intracellular cytokine production were quantified by flow cytometry >28d post-infection (p.i.). The role of miR-155 was tested by injecting mice with anti-miR-155 or control oligonucleotides along with antibiotics. Results: Aged mice had significantly more homeostatic CD8 Conclusions: Systemic infection with Lm ΔactA is a novel model for studying infection-induced brain inflammation in aged mice without excessive mortality. CD8
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2168941-6
ISSN	1742-4933
ISSN	1742-4933
DOI	10.1186/s12979-022-00281-0
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Article ; Online: The diagnostic dilemma for atypical presentation of progressive human Mpox.

Sahra, Syeda / Villalobos, Raul Orozco / Scott, Brian M / Bowman, Deidra J / Sassine, Joseph / Salvaggio, Michelle / Drevets, Douglas A / Higuita, Nelson Iván Agudelo

BMC infectious diseases

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 850

Abstract: Background: Human mpox has increasingly been reported worldwide since May 2022, with higher incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with presentation typical for generalized macules and papules.: Case ... ...

Abstract	Background: Human mpox has increasingly been reported worldwide since May 2022, with higher incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons living with HIV (PLHIV) with presentation typical for generalized macules and papules. Case presentation: We are describing a case of human mpox, which presented as widespread, atypical round verrucous lesions that went undiagnosed in the community for six months and was treated with antibacterials and antifungals given the similarity to skin manifestations associated with endemic mycoses. Conclusions: Suspicion for human mpox should be high in young MSM and PLHIV who present with rash and mpox should be ruled out earlier.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Homosexuality, Male ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-023-08852-2
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Anionic phospholipid expression as a molecular target in Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli" [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Volume 56, Issue 6, December 2020, 106183].

McKernan, Patrick / Cassidy, Benjamin / Woodward, Alexis / Battiste, James / Drevets, Douglas / Harrison, Roger

International journal of antimicrobial agents

2021 Volume 58, Issue 5, Page(s) 106423

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106423
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Zs.A 3368: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Neuroinvasive Listeria monocytogenes infection triggers accumulation of brain CD8

Cassidy, Benjamin R / Zhang, Miao / Sonntag, William E / Drevets, Douglas A

Journal of neuroinflammation

2020 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 259

Abstract: Background: Brain inflammation is a key cause of cognitive decline after central nervous system (CNS) infections. A thorough understanding of immune responses to CNS infection is essential for developing anti-inflammatory interventions that improve ... ...

Abstract	Background: Brain inflammation is a key cause of cognitive decline after central nervous system (CNS) infections. A thorough understanding of immune responses to CNS infection is essential for developing anti-inflammatory interventions that improve outcomes. Tissue-resident memory T cells (T Methods: C57BL/6J mice were infected by intraperitoneal injection with a lethal inoculum of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) then treated with antibiotics. Flow cytometry was used to quantify specific populations of brain leukocytes 28-29 days (d) post-infection (p.i.). To test the degree to which miR-155 altered leukocyte influxes into the brain, infected mice were injected with a miR-155 inhibitor or locked nucleic acid (LNA) scramble control 2d, 4d, 6d, and 8d p.i. along with antibiotic treatment. Bacterial loads in spleen and liver and body weights were measured up to 7d p.i. Brain leukocytes were analyzed 14d and 28d p.i. Confirmatory studies were performed in mutated mice lacking miR-155 (miR-155 Conclusions: Brain CD8
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1742-2094
ISSN (online)	1742-2094
DOI	10.1186/s12974-020-01929-8
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Article: Endothelial Dysfunction and Impaired Neurovascular Coupling Responses Precede Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Geriatric Sepsis.

Csipo, Tamas / Cassidy, Benjamin R / Balasubramanian, Priya / Drevets, Douglas A / Ungvari, Zoltan I / Yabluchanskiy, Andriy

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2021 Volume 13, Page(s) 644733

Abstract: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, the incidence of which is significantly increased in elderly patients. One of the long-lasting effects of sepsis is cognitive impairment defined as a new deficit or exacerbation of preexisting deficits in global ... ...

Abstract	Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, the incidence of which is significantly increased in elderly patients. One of the long-lasting effects of sepsis is cognitive impairment defined as a new deficit or exacerbation of preexisting deficits in global cognition or executive function. Normal brain function is dependent on moment-to-moment adjustment of cerebral blood flow to match the increased demands of active brain regions. This homeostatic mechanism, termed neurovascular coupling (NVC, also known as functional hyperemia), is critically dependent on the production of vasodilator NO by microvascular endothelial cells in response to mediators released from activated astrocytes. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that sepsis in aging leads to impairment of NVC responses early after treatment and that this neurovascular dysfunction associates with impairments in cognitive performance and vascular endothelial dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we used a commonly studied bacterial pathogen,
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2021.644733
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Article ; Online: Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in patients with HIV/AIDS: A case report and review of the literature.

Gujju, Veena R / Akram, Bushra / Shibib, Dena R / McGhee, Miranda A / Drevets, Douglas A

Medicine

2021 Volume 100, Issue 51, Page(s) e28244

Abstract: Rationale: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections in domesticated dogs and cats and a rare zoonotic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. With increasing numbers of people acquiring pets and spending time with ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections in domesticated dogs and cats and a rare zoonotic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. With increasing numbers of people acquiring pets and spending time with them in confined spaces due to COVID-19 lockdowns, it is important to be aware of adverse health consequences brought about by this interaction. We present a case of B bronchiseptica pneumonia in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and review key characteristics of an additional 30 cases of B bronchiseptica infections in 29 patients with HIV/AIDS that were identified by literature review. Patient concerns: A 61-year-old male with HIV/AIDS who was not on antiretroviral therapy and had advanced immunosuppression with a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 3 cells/μL sought medical attention for multiple somatic issues including subjective fevers, shortness of breath, and intermittent chest pain. Diagnosis: Computed tomography of the chest identified bilateral nodular opacities in the lower lobes with scattered areas of ground glass opacities. B bronchiseptica was identified in sputum culture by mass spectrometry followed by supplementary biochemical testing. Interventions: Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated and changed to levofloxacin after susceptibility testing was completed. Outcomes: The patient was discharged after symptomatic improvement with levofloxacin. Lessons: Pneumonia with interstitial infiltrates in the setting of advanced CD4 lymphocyte depletion is the most common clinical syndrome caused by B bronchiseptica in patients with HIV/AIDS, and may be accompanied by sepsis. Advanced immune suppression, as well as chronic medical conditions, for example, alcoholism, diabetes, and renal failure that compromise host defenses are also commonly found in cases of B bronchiseptica infection in patients who do not have HIV infection. Reported animal contact among patients was not universal. Isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, but typically resistant to most cephalosporins.
MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bordetella Infections/complications ; Bordetella Infections/diagnosis ; Bordetella Infections/drug therapy ; Bordetella bronchiseptica ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Levofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Levofloxacin (6GNT3Y5LMF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000028244
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