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Article ; Online: The State of Research and Weight of Evidence on the Epigenetic Effects of Bisphenol A.

Besaratinia, Ahmad

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 9

Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical with numerous industrial and consumer applications. BPA is extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The widespread utilities of BPA include its use as internal ... ...

Abstract	Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical with numerous industrial and consumer applications. BPA is extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The widespread utilities of BPA include its use as internal coating for food and beverage cans, bottles, and food-packaging materials, and as a building block for countless goods of common use. BPA can be released into the environment and enter the human body at any stage during its production, or in the process of manufacture, use, or disposal of materials made from this chemical. While the general population is predominantly exposed to BPA through contaminated food and drinking water, non-dietary exposures through the respiratory system, integumentary system, and vertical transmission, as well as other routes of exposure, also exist. BPA is often classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical as it can act as a xenoestrogen. Exposure to BPA has been associated with developmental, reproductive, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, or immune effects, as well as oncogenic effects. BPA can disrupt the synthesis or clearance of hormones by binding and interfering with biological receptors. BPA can also interact with key transcription factors to modulate regulation of gene expression. Over the past 17 years, an epigenetic mechanism of action for BPA has emerged. This article summarizes the current state of research on the epigenetic effects of BPA by analyzing the findings from various studies in model systems and human populations. It evaluates the weight of evidence on the ability of BPA to alter the epigenome, while also discussing the direction of future research.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phenols/metabolism ; Benzhydryl Compounds/toxicity ; Food Packaging ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
Chemical Substances	bisphenol A (MLT3645I99) ; Phenols ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Endocrine Disruptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24097951
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The State of Research and Weight of Evidence on the Epigenetic Effects of Bisphenol A

Ahmad Besaratinia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 7951, p

2023 Volume 7951

Abstract	Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical with numerous industrial and consumer applications. BPA is extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The widespread utilities of BPA include its use as internal coating for food and beverage cans, bottles, and food-packaging materials, and as a building block for countless goods of common use. BPA can be released into the environment and enter the human body at any stage during its production, or in the process of manufacture, use, or disposal of materials made from this chemical. While the general population is predominantly exposed to BPA through contaminated food and drinking water, non-dietary exposures through the respiratory system, integumentary system, and vertical transmission, as well as other routes of exposure, also exist. BPA is often classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical as it can act as a xenoestrogen. Exposure to BPA has been associated with developmental, reproductive, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, or immune effects, as well as oncogenic effects. BPA can disrupt the synthesis or clearance of hormones by binding and interfering with biological receptors. BPA can also interact with key transcription factors to modulate regulation of gene expression. Over the past 17 years, an epigenetic mechanism of action for BPA has emerged. This article summarizes the current state of research on the epigenetic effects of BPA by analyzing the findings from various studies in model systems and human populations. It evaluates the weight of evidence on the ability of BPA to alter the epigenome, while also discussing the direction of future research.
Keywords	DNA methylation ; endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) ; histone modifications ; noncoding RNA ; receptors ; reproductive system ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes: The Two Sides of a Nicotine Coin.

Besaratinia, Ahmad

Frontiers in oral health

2021 Volume 2, Page(s) 790634

Abstract: Tobacco smoking-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, stroke, and cancer in multiple organ sites, are the leading causes of preventable death, worldwide. Youth electronic cigarette use (vaping) is an evolving public ... ...

Abstract	Tobacco smoking-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, stroke, and cancer in multiple organ sites, are the leading causes of preventable death, worldwide. Youth electronic cigarette use (vaping) is an evolving public health problem in the United States and around the world. Many of the same toxicants and carcinogens present in tobacco smoke are also found in electronic cigarette vapor, although mostly at substantially lower levels. The reduced concentrations of these chemicals in electronic cigarette vapor may imply lower health risk; however, they cannot equate to no risk. To date, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown. This "
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-4842
ISSN (online)	2673-4842
DOI	10.3389/froh.2021.790634
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Article ; Online: COVID-19: a pandemic converged with global tobacco epidemic and widespread vaping-state of the evidence.

Besaratinia, Ahmad

Carcinogenesis

2021 Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 1009–1022

Abstract: This review highlights the convergence of three global health challenges at a crossroad where the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) meets the tobacco epidemic and vaping. It begins with an overview of the current knowledge on the biology, ... ...

Abstract	This review highlights the convergence of three global health challenges at a crossroad where the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) meets the tobacco epidemic and vaping. It begins with an overview of the current knowledge on the biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology of COVID-19. It then presents the state of smoking and vaping during the pandemic by summarizing the published data on prevalence, use patterns, product availability/accessibility, sales records and motivation to quit before and after the start of the pandemic. It highlights the state of evidence on the association of tobacco product use with COVID-19 infection and transmission rates, symptom severity and clinical outcomes. Also discussed are proposed biological mechanisms and behavioral factors that may modulate COVID-19 risk in tobacco product users. Furthermore, competing hypotheses on the protective effect of nicotine against COVID-19 as well as the claimed 'smokers' paradox' are discussed. Considerations and challenges of COVID-19 vaccination in tobacco product users are underscored. Collectively, the present data show an 'incomplete' but rapidly shaping picture on the association of tobacco product use and COVID-19 infection, disease course and clinical outcomes. Evidence is also growing on the mechanisms by which tobacco product use may contribute to COVID-19 pathophysiology. Although we await definitive conclusions on the relative risk of COVID-19 infection in tobacco product users, compelling data confirm that many comorbidities associated with/caused by smoking predispose to COVID-19 infection, severe disease and poor prognosis. Additionally, it is becoming increasing clear that should smokers get the disease, they are more likely to have serious health consequences.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Global Health ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology ; Tobacco Smoking/pathology ; Vaping/epidemiology ; Vaping/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603134-1
ISSN	1460-2180 ; 0143-3334
ISSN (online)	1460-2180
ISSN	0143-3334
DOI	10.1093/carcin/bgab061
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Article ; Online: Vaping Dose, Device Type, and E-Liquid Flavor are Determinants of DNA Damage in Electronic Cigarette Users.

Tommasi, Stella / Blumenfeld, Hannah / Besaratinia, Ahmad

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2023 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 1145–1154

Abstract: Introduction: Despite the widespread use of electronic cigarettes, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown.: Aims and methods: We investigated the DNA-damaging effects of vaping as compared to smoking in healthy adults, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Despite the widespread use of electronic cigarettes, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown. Aims and methods: We investigated the DNA-damaging effects of vaping as compared to smoking in healthy adults, including "exclusive" vapers (never smokers), cigarette smokers only, and nonusers, matched for age, gender, and race (N = 72). Following biochemical verification of vaping or smoking status, we quantified DNA damage in oral epithelial cells of our study subjects, using a long-amplicon quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: We detected significantly increased levels of DNA damage in both vapers and smokers as compared to nonusers (p = .005 and p = .020, respectively). While the mean levels of DNA damage did not differ significantly between vapers and smokers (p = .522), damage levels increased dose-dependently, from light users to heavy users, in both vapers and smokers as compared to nonusers. Among vapers, pod users followed by mod users, and those who used sweet-, mint or menthol-, and fruit-flavored e-liquids, respectively, showed the highest levels of DNA damage. The nicotine content of e-liquid was not a predictor of DNA damage in vapers. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of a dose-dependent formation of DNA damage in vapers who had never smoked cigarettes. Our data support a role for product characteristics, specifically device type and e-liquid flavor, in the induction of DNA damage in vapers. Given the popularity of pod and mod devices and the preferability of sweet-, mint or menthol-, and fruit-flavored e-liquids by both adult- and youth vapers, our findings can have significant implications for public health and tobacco products regulation. Implications: We demonstrate a dose-dependent formation of DNA damage in oral cells from vapers who had never smoked tobacco cigarettes as well as exclusive cigarette smokers. Device type and e-liquid flavor determine the extent of DNA damage detected in vapers. Users of pod devices followed by mod users, and those who use sweet-, mint or menthol-, and fruit-flavored e-liquids, respectively, show the highest levels of DNA damage when compared to nonusers. Given the popularity of pod and mod devices and the preferability of these same flavors of e-liquid by both adult- and youth vapers, our findings can have significant implications for public health and tobacco products regulation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Smokers ; Vaping/adverse effects ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Menthol ; Flavoring Agents/adverse effects ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects ; Nicotiana ; DNA Damage
Chemical Substances	Menthol (1490-04-6) ; Flavoring Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntad003
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Article: The consequential impact of JUUL on youth vaping and the landscape of tobacco products: The state of play in the COVID-19 era.

Besaratinia, Ahmad / Tommasi, Stella

Preventive medicine reports

2021 Volume 22, Page(s) 101374

Abstract: JUUL is a groundbreaking electronic cigarette (e-cig) and the preeminent vaping product on the market. We present an overview of the rapid and spectacular rise of JUUL and its remarkable fall within the timespan of 2015 - 2020. We highlight JUUL's ... ...

Abstract	JUUL is a groundbreaking electronic cigarette (e-cig) and the preeminent vaping product on the market. We present an overview of the rapid and spectacular rise of JUUL and its remarkable fall within the timespan of 2015 - 2020. We highlight JUUL's entering the market in June 2015, becoming the industry leader in mid 2017, and experiencing a litany of setbacks by late 2019 through to early 2020. We address the role played by JUUL in the ongoing epidemic of youth vaping. We also feature competing views on the public health impact of JUUL use (in particular), and e-cig vaping (in general). We further highlight the latest trends in youth vaping and sales records for JUUL and tobacco cigarettes. In view of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, we briefly summarize the existing evidence on the relationship between vaping and smoking and the prevalence, disease course, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2785569-7
ISSN	2211-3355
ISSN	2211-3355
DOI	10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101374
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Article ; Online: DNA Hydroxymethylation in Smoking-Associated Cancers.

Besaratinia, Ahmad / Caceres, Amanda / Tommasi, Stella

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 5

Abstract: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was first detected in mammalian DNA five decades ago. However, it did not take center stage in the field of epigenetics until 2009, when ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was found to oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hmC, ... ...

Abstract	5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was first detected in mammalian DNA five decades ago. However, it did not take center stage in the field of epigenetics until 2009, when ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was found to oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hmC, thus offering a long-awaited mechanism for active DNA demethylation. Since then, a remarkable body of research has implicated DNA hydroxymethylation in pluripotency, differentiation, neural system development, aging, and pathogenesis of numerous diseases, especially cancer. Here, we focus on DNA hydroxymethylation in smoking-associated carcinogenesis to highlight the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic potentials of this epigenetic mark. We describe the significance of 5-hmC in DNA demethylation, the importance of substrates and cofactors in TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation, the regulation of
MeSH term(s)	5-Methylcytosine ; Animals ; Cytosine ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Mammals/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Smoking/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H) ; Cytosine (8J337D1HZY)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23052657
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Article ; Online: Vaping epidemic: challenges and opportunities.

Besaratinia, Ahmad / Tommasi, Stella

Cancer causes & control : CCC

2020 Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 663–667

Abstract: This article is a timely, concise, and unbiased analysis of the national and international responses to the spate of vaping-related lung illnesses and deaths and the epidemic of teen vaping. In view of the recent outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries ... ...

Abstract	This article is a timely, concise, and unbiased analysis of the national and international responses to the spate of vaping-related lung illnesses and deaths and the epidemic of teen vaping. In view of the recent outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries and deaths in the USA and the epidemic of teen vaping, the viewpoints and recommendations presented in this article have immediate policy implications in the USA and around the world. The perspectives and recommendations are expected to assist medical communities, public health professionals, and regulatory authorities in addressing complex issues related to vaping regulation, which are intertwined with public health, economy, and politics of nations, worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Public Health ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence ; Smoking Prevention ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaping/legislation & jurisprudence ; Vaping/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1064022-8
ISSN	1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
ISSN (online)	1573-7225
ISSN	0957-5243
DOI	10.1007/s10552-020-01307-y
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Zs.A 3375: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Vaping: A growing global health concern.

Besaratinia, Ahmad / Tommasi, Stella

EClinicalMedicine

2019 Volume 17, Page(s) 100208

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-5370
ISSN (online)	2589-5370
DOI	10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.10.019
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The consequential impact of JUUL on youth vaping and the landscape of tobacco products

Ahmad Besaratinia / Stella Tommasi

Preventive Medicine Reports, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 101374- (2021)

The state of play in the COVID-19 era

2021

Abstract	JUUL is a groundbreaking electronic cigarette (e-cig) and the preeminent vaping product on the market. We present an overview of the rapid and spectacular rise of JUUL and its remarkable fall within the timespan of 2015 – 2020. We highlight JUUL’s entering the market in June 2015, becoming the industry leader in mid 2017, and experiencing a litany of setbacks by late 2019 through to early 2020. We address the role played by JUUL in the ongoing epidemic of youth vaping. We also feature competing views on the public health impact of JUUL use (in particular), and e-cig vaping (in general). We further highlight the latest trends in youth vaping and sales records for JUUL and tobacco cigarettes. In view of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, we briefly summarize the existing evidence on the relationship between vaping and smoking and the prevalence, disease course, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
Keywords	Adolescents ; COVID-19 ; Electronic cigarettes ; Epidemic ; JUUL ; Nicotine ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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