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Article ; Online: Extreme flood in Pakistan: Is Pakistan paying the cost of climate change? A short communication.

Shehzad, Khurram

2023 Volume 880, Page(s) 162973

Abstract: Global warming is one of the foremost causes of changes in climate patterns around the world. Pakistan is among the top ten countries affected by global warming. Today, Pakistan is facing severe consequences of global warming in the form of an extreme ... ...

Abstract	Global warming is one of the foremost causes of changes in climate patterns around the world. Pakistan is among the top ten countries affected by global warming. Today, Pakistan is facing severe consequences of global warming in the form of an extreme flood. It affected 33 million people, destroyed 1.5 million homes, and caused $2.3 billion in crop damage. It has also damaged more than 2000 km of roads, cutting off connectivity to provinces and major cities. Thus, inflation in Pakistan has reached its highest level, i.e. 26 % - 27 %, and a severe food crisis is not far away. Recently, Pakistan noted a record temperature of 40 °C in several territories, notably 51 °C in Jacobabad. The study reported that high temperatures, melting glaciers, heavy monsoon rains, government inattention, and poor governance are the key reasons of this severe flood. Moreover, in 2080, the average temperature in Pakistan is predicted to increase by 4.38 degrees Celsius. The study suggested that Supply of cheap seeds and fertilizers to farmers, maintenance of water supply infrastructure, availability of food and medicines through domestic and foreign assistance, and reduction of electricity rates and taxes in flood-affected areas can be the solution to stop this crisis. Similarly, building dams, investing in technology and training, and educating the general public about environmental change should be included in the long-term goals to avoid future disasters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162973
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Article ; Online: Extreme flood in Pakistan: Is Pakistan paying the cost of climate change? A short communication

Shehzad, Khurram

Science of the Total Environment. 20232023 July 21, Mar. 21, v. 880 p.162973-

2023

Abstract	Global warming is one of the foremost causes of changes in climate patterns around the world. Pakistan is among the top ten countries affected by global warming. Today, Pakistan is facing severe consequences of global warming in the form of an extreme flood. It affected 33 million people, destroyed 1.5 million homes, and caused $2.3 billion in crop damage. It has also damaged more than 2000 km of roads, cutting off connectivity to provinces and major cities. Thus, inflation in Pakistan has reached its highest level, i.e. 26 % – 27 %, and a severe food crisis is not far away. Recently, Pakistan noted a record temperature of 40 °C in several territories, notably 51 °C in Jacobabad. The study reported that high temperatures, melting glaciers, heavy monsoon rains, government inattention, and poor governance are the key reasons of this severe flood. Moreover, in 2080, the average temperature in Pakistan is predicted to increase by 4.38 degrees Celsius. The study suggested that Supply of cheap seeds and fertilizers to farmers, maintenance of water supply infrastructure, availability of food and medicines through domestic and foreign assistance, and reduction of electricity rates and taxes in flood-affected areas can be the solution to stop this crisis. Similarly, building dams, investing in technology and training, and educating the general public about environmental change should be included in the long-term goals to avoid future disasters.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; crop damage ; electricity ; environment ; governance ; inflation ; infrastructure ; monsoon season ; people ; temperature ; water supply ; Pakistan ; Global warming ; Environmental degradation ; Floods
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0321
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162973
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Investigating the role of smart technologies, financial, and environmental innovations in tackling the ecological sustainability: a global pathway toward low carbon energy transition.

Abid, Saira / Shi, Guoqing / Shehzad, Khurram / Rauf, Abdul

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024 Volume 31, Issue 13, Page(s) 19257–19273

Abstract: Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the rapid development of modern technologies has brought unprecedented social prosperity to mankind as technologies penetrate every sector of the economy. These technologies have given a new dimension to ... ...

Abstract	Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the rapid development of modern technologies has brought unprecedented social prosperity to mankind as technologies penetrate every sector of the economy. These technologies have given a new dimension to the energy sector. The key purpose of this study is to investigate the crucial impact of technological revolutions, namely, smart grids, smart devices, financial innovations, and environmental innovations, on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). To this end, the study utilized data from European, Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries and employed first- and second-generation methods, such as DOLS, FMOLS, and CS-ARDL models. The research shows that smart grids are the only factor in reducing GHGs, regardless of geographic division. Hence, linking smart grid resources to climate change goals requires short-term deployment strategies with a clear long-term vision and the fundamental goal of transforming the power structure into a net zero-emission system. The study also demonstrates that the emergence of ICT in electricity consumption has not yet reached a level that can promote environmental excellence. The study documented the critical role of financial innovation and environmental innovation in addressing environmental degradation.
MeSH term(s)	Carbon ; Economic Development ; Technology ; Greenhouse Gases ; Climate Change ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Renewable Energy
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Greenhouse Gases ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-32388-w
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Article ; Online: Evaluation and Challenges of IoT Simulators for Intelligent Transportation System Applications

Khurram Shehzad Khattak / Zawar Hussain Khan

Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 4, Iss

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: The Internet-of-Things (IoT) constructs a vast, intricate, and perpetually evolving ecosystem exerting profound societal implications. This labyrinthine nature often culminates in errors that directly impact human lives. A significant domain where this ... ...

Abstract	The Internet-of-Things (IoT) constructs a vast, intricate, and perpetually evolving ecosystem exerting profound societal implications. This labyrinthine nature often culminates in errors that directly impact human lives. A significant domain where this complexity materializes is Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Present tools and methodologies inadequately accommodate the complex task of testing and validation, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive review and enhancement. This study aims to present a broad analysis of existing simulators utilized for ITS simulations. It delves into the role and effectiveness of such simulation tools, highlighting their limitations and proposing research directions. This paper scrutinizes both commercial and research-oriented IoT simulators for ITS, evaluating their features and simulation environment tools. We have detailed various ITS scenarios simulated within these frameworks, intending to gauge their readiness for real-world ITS applications and to elaborate on the challenges involved in ITS infrastructure implementation. The findings suggest that despite numerous simulators aiding the evolution of solutions for IoT challenges in recent years, their utility in actual ITS implementations remain uncertain. Consequently, we explore public cloud platforms offering IoT simulation capabilities, focusing particularly on the capabilities provided by the Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT simulation for this study. Our research outlines the pressing challenges in this field, while proposing potential solutions and flagging opportunities for further research. This study paves the way towards improving the reliability and accuracy of IoT simulators in the context of ITS, which has immense potential to enhance the quality of human life.
Keywords	Internet of Things ; IoT simulator ; simulation ; Cloud computing ; Amazon web services ; Science ; Q ; Technology ; T
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IMS Vogosca
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effect of visibility on road traffic during foggy weather conditions

Faryal Ali / Zawar Hussain Khan / Khurram Shehzad Khattak / Thomas Aaron Gulliver

IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 47-

2024 Volume 57

Abstract: Abstract The impact of fog on visibility is a major factor affecting traffic congestion and safety. This paper proposes a microscopic traffic model that captures the features of traffic in foggy weather and characterizes it based on visibility. The ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The impact of fog on visibility is a major factor affecting traffic congestion and safety. This paper proposes a microscopic traffic model that captures the features of traffic in foggy weather and characterizes it based on visibility. The intelligent driver (ID) model is based on a constant acceleration exponent and produces similar traffic behaviour for all conditions, which is unrealistic. The performance of the ID and proposed models is evaluated on a 2.2 km ring road for 250 s with a platoon of 51 vehicles. Results are presented which show that the proposed model characterizes traffic realistically with lower acceleration and deceleration compared to the ID model. Further, it does not create stop‐and‐go waves and is stable even during foggy weather. The proposed model can be used to reduce fuel consumption and pollution resulting from traffic congestion.
Keywords	intelligent transportation systems ; management and control ; road safety ; road traffic ; simulation ; traffic modelling ; Transportation engineering ; TA1001-1280 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Globalization and the Sociolinguistic Challenge of the 21st Century Critical Pedagogy

Jamil Asghar / Khurram Shehzad

NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 4, Iss

A Case for Language/Culture Minority Students

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: In spite of the fact that ours is a world of immigration, deepening ethnic textures, globalization, transnational histories, ethnolinguistic diversity, socioecono-mic rivalries, and intercultural complexities, the role and significance of bilingual and ... ...

Abstract	In spite of the fact that ours is a world of immigration, deepening ethnic textures, globalization, transnational histories, ethnolinguistic diversity, socioecono-mic rivalries, and intercultural complexities, the role and significance of bilingual and multicultural education are far from being adequately realized. These demographic imperatives and a host of other cross-cultural and transnational praxis are bringing about a growing percentage of students who speak a first language other than English. All over the world, classrooms are experiencing a radical transformation due to an unparalleled intercultural diversity which is spreading its tentacles all across the globe including Pakistan which, of late hit by the CPEC spectacle, is likely to experience an unprecedented influx of foreign students. These are paradigm shifting questions and call for a radical re-conceptualization not just of classrooms but also of the entire pedagogic space and curricular habitus. The paper makes a coherent appraisal of these questions and advances a plea for the greater inclusion of a broad-based, bilingual, and multicultural education by laying down key guidelines for teachers, administrators, policy-makers, educators, and parents at large.
Keywords	Bilingualism ; multicultural education ; minority students ; cultural identity ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	National University of Sciences and Technology
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Globalization and the Sociolinguistic Challenge of the 21st Century Critical Pedagogy

Jamil Asghar / Khurram Shehzad

NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 4, Iss

A Case for Language/Culture Minority Students

2021 Volume 2

Abstract	In spite of the fact that ours is a world of immigration, deepening ethnic textures, globalization, transnational histories, ethnolinguistic diversity, socioecono-mic rivalries, and intercultural complexities, the role and significance of bilingual and multicultural education are far from being adequately realized. These demographic imperatives and a host of other cross-cultural and transnational praxis are bringing about a growing percentage of students who speak a first language other than English. All over the world, classrooms are experiencing a radical transformation due to an unparalleled intercultural diversity which is spreading its tentacles all across the globe including Pakistan which, of late hit by the CPEC spectacle, is likely to experience an unprecedented influx of foreign students. These are paradigm shifting questions and call for a radical re-conceptualization not just of classrooms but also of the entire pedagogic space and curricular habitus. The paper makes a coherent appraisal of these questions and advances a plea for the greater inclusion of a broad-based, bilingual, and multicultural education by laying down key guidelines for teachers, administrators, policy-makers, educators, and parents at large.
Keywords	Bilingualism ; multicultural education ; minority students ; cultural identity ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	National University of Sciences and Technology
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dynamic correlations and portfolio implications across stock and commodity markets before and during the COVID-19 era: A key role of gold.

Liu, Xiaoxing / Shehzad, Khurram / Kocak, Emrah / Zaman, Umer

Resources policy

2022 Volume 79, Page(s) 102985

Abstract: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected stock markets around the globe, adding serious challenges to asset allocations and hedging strategies. This investigation analyses the dynamic correlations and portfolio implications among the S&P 500 index and ... ...

Abstract	Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected stock markets around the globe, adding serious challenges to asset allocations and hedging strategies. This investigation analyses the dynamic correlations and portfolio implications among the S&P 500 index and various commodities (gold, WTI crude oil, Brent oil, beverages, and wheat) before and during the COVID-19 era. Using multivariate asymmetric GARCH models, the results show weak correlations during the standard period. However, the correlations intensify and become more complicated during the COVID-19 era, especially between gold and S&P 500. Similarly, bidirectional return and volatility spillovers across stock-commodity markets are more pronounced during the COVID-19 outbreak. Analysis involving the optimal portfolio weights and time-varying hedge ratios indicates that a $1long position in the S&P 500 can be hedged for 15 cents in crude oil during the standard period and for 33 cents in gold during the COVID-19 era. A portfolio of S&P 500 - beverages displays the highest VaR, while a portfolio of S&P 500 - gold displays the lowest VaR, especially during the COVID-19 era. This finding suggests that gold offers better portfolio diversification benefits and downside risk reductions, which are useful in determining strategies for portfolio investors during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1873-7641
ISSN (online)	1873-7641
DOI	10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102985
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Article ; Online: Investigating the N-shaped EKC in China

Mulinga Narcisse / Shiyun Zhang / Muhammad Sadiq Shahid / Khurram Shehzad

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

An imperious role of energy use and health expenditures

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs)has been increasing steadily. It is to be noted that China emitted 27% of the world’s GHGs in 2019, making it the world’s most significant contributor to climate degradation. ... ...

Abstract	Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs)has been increasing steadily. It is to be noted that China emitted 27% of the world’s GHGs in 2019, making it the world’s most significant contributor to climate degradation. The key objectives of this investigation are to ascertain the N-shaped association between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the presence of energy use and domestic government health expenditures. In addition, the research inspected the role of Belt and Road Initiative through economic globalization in China. This study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag model and found that an N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve exists in China. Furthermore, the study discovered that economic globalization improves ecological excellence in the short run. Nonetheless, energy consumption and health expenditures considerably amplify the intensity of CO2 emanation in China in the long run. The research suggested that installing green industries through economic globalization can imperatively lessen environmental degradation. Moreover, installing technological firms will be more beneficial in the long run to overcome environmental degradation rather than importing from other countries. The study elaborated momentous causation effects among the study variables through the Granger causality test.
Keywords	N-shaped EKC ; economic growth ; energy use ; economic globalization ; CO2 ; health expenditures ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SURVEY ON PREVALENCE OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NECK PAIN AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Muhammad Kashif / Sana Bashir / Ayesha Shoukat / Khurram Shehzad / Sidra Ashraf

Rehman Journal of Health Sciences, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 82-

2023 Volume 89

Abstract: Introduction: Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) dysfunction is second most frequent cause of orofacial pain after dental pain. TMJ dysfunction and disorders of cervical region greatly affect the routine activities and lifestyle and lower the person’s ability ...

Abstract	Introduction: Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) dysfunction is second most frequent cause of orofacial pain after dental pain. TMJ dysfunction and disorders of cervical region greatly affect the routine activities and lifestyle and lower the person’s ability to interact socially and work independently. The objective of current study was to determine the prevalence of TMJ dysfunction and its association with neck pain among university students. Material & Methods: Participants from different universities in Faisalabad were selected using convenient sampling. Out of 1513 students, 1338 who met inclusion criteria were included in this study. The participants were asked to respond to a self-structured questionnaire that contained the Fonseca's Anamnestic Index (FAI) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 58% of the subjects were having mild to moderate level of temporomandibular dysfunction while 41% of the student’s reported absence of neck pain. Study revealed that the headache was most common problem (61.5%) among university students and least common problem (16.5%) was moving jaw to the sides. Moderate and severe TMJ dysfunction were associated with severe and complete levels of NDI with p<0.001. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of the students had mild to moderate TMJ dysfunction, and there was a significant association between TMJ dysfunction and neck pain.
Keywords	neck pain ; students ; temporomandibular joint ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Rehman Medical Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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