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  1. Article ; Online: Cost-Effectiveness of Steroids for Prolonging the Surgery-Free Interval in Subglottic Stenosis.

    Langlie, Jake A / Pasick, Luke J / Rosow, David E

    The Laryngoscope

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 12, Page(s) 3436–3442

    Abstract: Objectives: Repeat endoscopic dilation (ED) in the operating room for subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains an economic burden to patients. The cost-effectiveness (CE) of adjuvant serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) to prolong the surgery-free ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Repeat endoscopic dilation (ED) in the operating room for subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains an economic burden to patients. The cost-effectiveness (CE) of adjuvant serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) to prolong the surgery-free interval (SFI) in SGS patients requiring ED has yet to be studied.
    Methods: Details of the cost of SILSI and ED were received from our tertiary academic center. SFI, cost of intervention, and the effect of SILSI on prolonging SFI were collected from a systematic review by Luke et al. SGS etiologies in the review included idiopathic, iatrogenic, or autoimmune. A break-even analysis, comparing the cost of SILSI alone with the cost of repeat ED, was performed to determine if SILSI injections were cost-effective in prolonging the SFI.
    Results: Average extension of the SFI with SILSI was an additional 219.3 days compared to ED alone based on a systematic review of the literature. 41/55 (74.5%) cases did not require further ED once in-office SILSI management began. SILSI administered in a 4-dose series in 3-to-7-week intervals (~$7,564.00) is CE if the reported recurrence rate of SGS requiring ED (~$39,429.00) has an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of at least 19.18% with the use of SILSI. Based on the literature, SILSI prevents ~3 out of every 4 cases of SGS at sufficient follow-up from undergoing repeat ED, resulting in an ARR of ~75%.
    Conclusions: SILSI is economically reasonable if it prolongs the SFI of at least one case of recurrence out of 5. SILSI, therefore, can be CE in extending the interval for surgical ED.
    Level of evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 133:3436-3442, 2023.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Constriction, Pathologic/complications ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Injections, Intralesional ; Laryngostenosis/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Systematic Reviews as Topic
    Chemical Substances Steroids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80180-x
    ISSN 1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
    ISSN (online) 1531-4995
    ISSN 0023-852X
    DOI 10.1002/lary.30800
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  2. Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT: An otolaryngology patient's ally or foe?

    Langlie, Jake / Kamrava, Brandon / Pasick, Luke J / Mei, Christine / Hoffer, Michael E

    American journal of otolaryngology

    2024  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 104220

    Abstract: Background: As artificial intelligence (AI) is integrating into the healthcare sphere, there is a need to evaluate its effectiveness in the various subspecialties of medicine, including otolaryngology. Our study intends to provide a cursory review of ... ...

    Abstract Background: As artificial intelligence (AI) is integrating into the healthcare sphere, there is a need to evaluate its effectiveness in the various subspecialties of medicine, including otolaryngology. Our study intends to provide a cursory review of ChatGPT's diagnostic capability, ability to convey pathophysiology in simple terms, accuracy in providing management recommendations, and appropriateness in follow up and post-operative recommendations in common otolaryngologic conditions.
    Methods: Adenotonsillectomy (T&A), tympanoplasty (TP), endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), parotidectomy (PT), and total laryngectomy (TL) were substituted for the word procedure in the following five questions and input into ChatGPT version 3.5: "How do I know if I need (procedure)," "What are treatment alternatives to (procedure)," "What are the risks of (procedure)," "How is a (procedure) performed," and "What is the recovery process for (procedure)?" Two independent study members analyzed the output and discrepancies were reviewed, discussed, and reconciled between study members.
    Results: In terms of management recommendations, ChatGPT was able to give generalized statements of evaluation, need for intervention, and the basics of the procedure without major aberrant errors or risks of safety. ChatGPT was successful in providing appropriate treatment alternatives in all procedures tested. When queried for methodology, risks, and procedural steps, ChatGPT lacked precision in the description of procedural steps, missed key surgical details, and did not accurately provide all major risks of each procedure. In terms of the recovery process, ChatGPT showed promise in T&A, TP, ESS, and PT but struggled in the complexity of TL, stating the patient could speak immediately after surgery without speech therapy.
    Conclusions: ChatGPT accurately demonstrated the need for intervention, management recommendations, and treatment alternatives in common ENT procedures. However, ChatGPT was not able to replace an otolaryngologist's clinical reasoning necessary to discuss procedural methodology, risks, and the recovery process in complex procedures. As AI becomes further integrated into healthcare, there is a need to continue to explore its indications, evaluate its limits, and refine its use to the otolaryngologist's advantage.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604541-8
    ISSN 1532-818X ; 0196-0709
    ISSN (online) 1532-818X
    ISSN 0196-0709
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104220
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  3. Article: An Updated Review of Subglottic Stenosis: Etiology, Evaluation, and Management.

    Pasick, Luke J / Anis, Mursalin M / Rosow, David E

    Current pulmonology reports

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 29–38

    Abstract: Purpose of review: To assimilate the newly published literature regarding subglottic stenosis (SGS), including basic science and translational research on mechanisms of etiology, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutic treatments.: Recent findings: The ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To assimilate the newly published literature regarding subglottic stenosis (SGS), including basic science and translational research on mechanisms of etiology, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutic treatments.
    Recent findings: The role of inflammation in development of iatrogenic and idiopathic SGS (iSGS) is continuing to be studied. The IL-23/IL-17A inflammatory axis appears to be a potential mechanism for development of iSGS. Additionally, as anticipated in an inflammatory milieu, PD-1/PD-L1 expression is upregulated. If the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is important in SGS pathogenesis, then it may represent a potential target for immunotherapeutic inhibition, given its success in cancer treatment. In terms of surgical management, prospective studies show that endoscopic approaches have more frequent recurrence compared to open techniques.
    Summary: SGS arises from various etiologies, and further understanding of its pathogenesis can aid in the development of novel therapies. It is imperative to obtain a thorough history for each patient presenting with respiratory complaints, as misdiagnosis can delay proper treatment. Endoscopic and open surgical techniques continue to be investigated in a growing number of prospective clinical trials to determine optimal treatment protocols. In-office injections are gaining popularity and show promise in the treatment of SGS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2199-2428
    ISSN 2199-2428
    DOI 10.1007/s13665-022-00286-6
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  4. Article: SJL/J resistance to mouse hepatitis virus-JHM-induced neurologic disease can be partially overcome by viral variants of S and host immunosuppression.

    Pasick, J M / Wilson, G A / Morris, V L / Dales, S

    Microbial pathogenesis

    1992  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–15

    Abstract: The basis of the resistance of SJL/J mice to various strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) has ... involved. Our previous work demonstrated that resistance by primary SJL/J glial cultures may involve events ... by primary SJL/J glial cells. Variants possessing deletions within the S coding region were able to grow ...

    Abstract The basis of the resistance of SJL/J mice to various strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) has been the subject of some debate, especially as it relates to the number and nature of the determinants involved. Our previous work demonstrated that resistance by primary SJL/J glial cultures may involve events subsequent to viral gene expression, possibly due to a defect in cell-to-cell spread of the infection. Since S, the virion's major spike glycoprotein, is known to facilitate the spread of infection due to its syncytiogenic properties, we decided to investigate the role of this viral structural protein in resistance by primary SJL/J glial cells. Variants possessing deletions within the S coding region were able to grow in SJL/J glial cells 10-100 times easier and fuse five-times more efficiently than wt virus. Induction of neurologic disease in SJL/J mice following intracranial inoculation with either wt JHMV or the S deletion variant, AT11f cord, was age-dependent, occurring only in animals inoculated under 4 weeks of age. Resistance in older animals to wt and variant viruses could be abrogated by immunosuppression with cyclosporin A. However, both disease incidence and viral brain titers were higher in animals receiving the JHM variant AT11f cord virus, suggesting that SJL/J resistance to neurologic disease may manifest itself through interactions between inefficient cell-to-cell spread of the infection and protective aspects of the immune response.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Central Nervous System Diseases/genetics ; Central Nervous System Diseases/immunology ; Central Nervous System Diseases/microbiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunosuppression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Murine hepatitis virus/genetics ; Murine hepatitis virus/immunology ; Neuroglia/microbiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Spinal Cord/microbiology ; Viral Structural Proteins/genetics ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Viral Structural Proteins
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632772-2
    ISSN 1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
    ISSN (online) 1096-1208
    ISSN 0882-4010
    DOI 10.1016/0882-4010(92)90027-l
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  5. Article ; Online: Airway fires in otolaryngologic surgery: A database review.

    Pasick, Luke J / Tong, Jane Y / Benito, Daniel A / Sargi, Zoukaa / Anis, Mursalin M

    American journal of otolaryngology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 104003

    Abstract: Purpose: An estimated 34 % of reported operating room fires involve the airway. Despite the inherent risks in otolaryngologic surgery, education regarding prevention and management of airway fires is limited in graduate medical training. One ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: An estimated 34 % of reported operating room fires involve the airway. Despite the inherent risks in otolaryngologic surgery, education regarding prevention and management of airway fires is limited in graduate medical training. One contributing factor is a lack of reporting of such rare events in our literature.
    Methods: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database was queried for reports of adverse events related to fires occurring during surgical procedures of the airway from January 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020.
    Results: 3687 reports were identified and 49 unique reports of airway fire were included. Sustained fires were described in 16 (32.7 %) reports and 33 (67.3 %) described transient flares. 2 fires extended beyond the airway and 9 (18.4 %) were noted to have occurred at the start of the case. Fires were reported most commonly during tonsillectomy (n = 22 [44.9 %]), vocal fold excision (n = 5 [10.2 %]), and adenoidectomy (n = 4 [8.2 %]). 46 reports attributed flare initiation to a specific element of the fire triangle. 16 patient and 2 operator injuries were reported. Saline washing was utilized in 7 (14.3 %) cases overall. Patients were extubated immediately in 2 (12.5 %) of the 16 reports of sustained fires. 0 mortalities were reported.
    Conclusion: Airway fires were reported in a variety of upper airway procedures performed regularly by otolaryngologists. The triggering factor that led to fire was identified as a spark or char in about half of the reported cases, and only 2 reports described immediate removal of the endotracheal tube.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fires/prevention & control ; Operating Rooms ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Larynx ; Intubation, Intratracheal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604541-8
    ISSN 1532-818X ; 0196-0709
    ISSN (online) 1532-818X
    ISSN 0196-0709
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104003
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  6. Article ; Online: Sex Bias in Laryngology Research and Publishing.

    Pasick, Luke J / Yeakel, Heather / Sataloff, Robert T

    Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 389–395

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate sex bias in laryngology research and publishing.: Materials and methods: Articles published in 2019 in seven mainstream otolaryngology journals were reviewed. Original manuscripts were included. Study type (medical, speech- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate sex bias in laryngology research and publishing.
    Materials and methods: Articles published in 2019 in seven mainstream otolaryngology journals were reviewed. Original manuscripts were included. Study type (medical, speech-language pathology, basic science, or pedagogy), subject sex, ≥50% sex-matching (SM
    Results: Of 1619 publications reviewed, 259 patient-centered original laryngology studies were included, totaling 7,130,991 subjects (3,411,741 [47.8%] male; 3,718,694 [52.1%] female; 556 [0.0%] unreported). 29 studies included subjects of a single sex and 14 did not report sex. 114 (44%) studies met SM
    Conclusion: Laryngology research exhibits sex bias in subject enrollment and sex-based analysis. Female authorship was representative of national demographics and author sex did not influence the rate of sex bias.
    MeSH term(s) Authorship ; Bibliometrics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Otolaryngology ; Publishing ; Sexism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 17459-2
    ISSN 1873-4588 ; 1557-8658 ; 0892-1997
    ISSN (online) 1873-4588 ; 1557-8658
    ISSN 0892-1997
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.06.021
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  7. Article ; Online: Laryngeal Melanosis.

    Pasick, Luke J / Paknezhad, Hassan / Sataloff, Robert T

    Ear, nose, & throat journal

    2019  Volume 98, Issue 2, Page(s) 70–71

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases/complications ; Laryngeal Diseases/pathology ; Larynx/pathology ; Melanosis/complications ; Melanosis/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngitis/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 750153-5
    ISSN 1942-7522 ; 0145-5613
    ISSN (online) 1942-7522
    ISSN 0145-5613
    DOI 10.1177/0145561318823317
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    Zs.B 107: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Prevalence and Long-term Consequences of Vocal Fold Hemorrhage in Patients who Underwent Microscopic Laryngeal Surgery or Type I Thyroplasty.

    Paknezhad, Hassan / Pasick, Luke J / Sataloff, Robert T

    Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation

    2019  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–150

    Abstract: Objective: Examine incidence of postoperative vocal fold (VF) hemorrhage (PVFH) in patients who underwent microscopic laryngeal surgery and type I thyroplasty and determine the long-term consequences of hemorrhage on the outcome of the surgery.: Study ...

    Abstract Objective: Examine incidence of postoperative vocal fold (VF) hemorrhage (PVFH) in patients who underwent microscopic laryngeal surgery and type I thyroplasty and determine the long-term consequences of hemorrhage on the outcome of the surgery.
    Study design: Retrospective study.
    Patients and methods: Medical records of patients from a quaternary care laryngology practice who underwent microdirect laryngoscopy (MDL) or type I thyroplasty between November 2015 and December 2018 were reviewed as a consecutive sample. MDL procedures not performed on the VF were excluded. Demographic and medical history data associated with risk of bleeding were collected, and records were reviewed for the incidence of PVFH and long-term consequences of PVFH through Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and preoperative and postoperative videostroboscopic findings. We considered each VF surgery as one procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square analysis for categorical data and a student t test for means. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.
    Result: Total 155 patients were enrolled. The patients underwent 182 MDL surgeries, (122 bilateral and 60 unilateral), and 60 Type 1 thyroplasty surgeries (13 bilateral and 47 unilateral). In the MDL group, 34 of 304 procedures (11%) resulted in VFH. In the thyroplasty group, 10 of 73 procedures (13.7%) were associated with PVFH. Bilateral MDL procedures were associated with a higher incidence of PVFH in comparison with unilateral procedures (P= 0.03), but bilateral thyroplasties were not (P= 0.33). None of the demographic factors significantly increased or decreased risk of PVFH. Comparing the difference between preoperative and 3-6 month postoperative VF mucosal function, and preoperative and 3-6 month postoperative VHI-10 in both MDL and thyroplasty groups, no statistically significant difference was found between patients who had experienced PVFH and those who had not.
    Conclusion: This is the largest investigation into the incidence and long-term consequences of the PVFH. 11% of the patients in the MDL group experienced PVFH; the vibratory margin of the VF was involved in only 1.3%.; and 13.7 % of the procedures in the thyroplasty group resulted in PVFH. However, PVFH was not associated with significant increase in VHI-10 or decrease in VF vibratory function during 3-6 month postoperative follow-up visits. The incidence of PVFH was related significantly to postoperative phonotrauma and upper respiratory infection, but not to gender, age, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, pulmonary and cardiovascular comorbidities, or pre-existing VF varicosities or ectasias.
    MeSH term(s) Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laryngoplasty/adverse effects ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vocal Cord Paralysis/diagnosis ; Vocal Cord Paralysis/epidemiology ; Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology ; Vocal Cords/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 17459-2
    ISSN 1873-4588 ; 1557-8658 ; 0892-1997
    ISSN (online) 1873-4588 ; 1557-8658
    ISSN 0892-1997
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.012
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  9. Article ; Online: Anatomical Study of Two Cricothyroid Approaches to the Cadaver Larynx.

    Panossian, Haig / Pasick, Luke J / Sataloff, Robert T

    Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation

    2019  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 360–364

    Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the angle and depth at which the vocal folds are accessed via transcutaneous injection through two different approaches through the cricothyroid membrane.: Methods: Twenty-five cadavers preserved ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the angle and depth at which the vocal folds are accessed via transcutaneous injection through two different approaches through the cricothyroid membrane.
    Methods: Twenty-five cadavers preserved with formalin were studied. The larynges were bisected through the thyroid notch, and the skin and soft tissue were removed. A 27-gauge needle was inserted through the cricothyroid membrane, once from just inferior to the thyroid cartilage and once from just superior to the cricoid cartilage, and advanced to the midpoint of the musculomembranous vocal fold (determined as the halfway point from anterior commissure to vocal process), immediately lateral to the vocalis muscle without penetrating the epithelium. The angle of approach was determined after taking multiple measurements with a Castroviejo caliper. The depth of the needle was measured.
    Results: Ten male and 15 female cadavers were studied. Their average age was 85.5 ± 12.4 years. The mean distance from midline for an injection performed with 0° of lateral angle was 5.7 ± 0.7 mm for the males, which was significantly greater than for females (4.8 ± 0.8 mm, P = 0.012). The insertion angle for the infrathyroid approach was 22.2 ± 6.9°, which was significantly different from the supracricoid angle, which was 33.0 ± 5.2° (P < 0.001). The mean insertion depth of the subthyroid approach was 11.3 ± 1.8 mm (range 8.0-15.5 mm), which was significantly less than the depth for the supracricoid approach (18.2 ± 2.4 mm, range 11.0-22.0 mm, P < 0.001.). The infrathyroid approach angle for males was 26.0 ± 8.5°, which was significantly greater than the angle for females (19.3 ± 3.4°, P = 0.016.). The supracricoid approach angle for males was 37.5 ± 2.4°, which was significantly greater than the angle for females (29.7 ± 4.1°, P < 0.001.). The insertion depth for males was 19.6 ± 1.4 mm, which was significantly greater than that for females (17.2 ± 2.6 mm, P = 0.021).
    Conclusions: Comparison of a supracricoid and infrathyroid approach through the cricothyroid membrane to the middle third of the vocal folds demonstrated significant differences in angle of approach. We also identified a significant difference in the angle of entry between male and female larynges in both approaches, as well as an increased depth of insertion required in males for the supracricoid approach.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cadaver ; Cricoid Cartilage ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Muscles ; Larynx/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Thyroid Cartilage/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Cartilage/surgery ; Vocal Cords/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 17459-2
    ISSN 1873-4588 ; 1557-8658 ; 0892-1997
    ISSN (online) 1873-4588 ; 1557-8658
    ISSN 0892-1997
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.11.007
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  10. Article ; Online: Cost-effectiveness of Inpatient Tympanostomy Prophylaxis.

    Yeakel, Heather / Pasick, Luke J / Kirchner, Gregory J / McKinnon, Brian J / Chiffer, Rebecca C

    Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 10, Page(s) 1521–1526

    Abstract: Objective: Tympanostomy is the most common pediatric ambulatory surgery. Post-tympanostomy otorrhea is a prevalent complication leading to high costs to patients for treatment. The cost-effectiveness of intraoperative prophylaxis for both patient and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Tympanostomy is the most common pediatric ambulatory surgery. Post-tympanostomy otorrhea is a prevalent complication leading to high costs to patients for treatment. The cost-effectiveness of intraoperative prophylaxis for both patient and institution has not been examined.
    Study design: An analytical observational study of data collected from the literature and purchasing records.
    Methods: A break-even analysis was performed to determine the required absolute risk reduction (ARR) and final infection rate in post-tympanostomy otorrhea to make intraoperative prophylaxis using ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin dexamethasone otic version cost effective with the following outpatient treatments: ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ophthalmic version, and ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic version. Absolute risk reduction is a statistic used to express the difference in risk between a treatment and control. The conservative initial infection rate used was 10%.
    Results: Ofloxacin intraoperative prophylaxis was not cost effective when prescribing ofloxacin outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.20. Ofloxacin intraoperative prophylaxis was cost-effective with an ARR of 0.08 for ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ophthalmic version outpatient treatment. Ofloxacin intraoperative prophylaxis was cost-effective for ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic version outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.01.Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone intraoperative prophylaxis was not cost-effective when prescribing ofloxacin outpatient treatment with an ARR of 1.52. Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone intraoperative prophylaxis was not cost-effective when prescribing ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ophthalmic version outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.60. Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone intraoperative prophylaxis was cost effective when prescribing ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic version outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.09.
    Conclusion: Intraoperative prophylaxis can be cost effective for preventing post-tympanostomy otorrhea. Physicians can use this economic model to determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions for their patients and institutions.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Topical ; Child ; Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Middle Ear Ventilation/adverse effects ; Ofloxacin/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Ofloxacin (A4P49JAZ9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2036790-9
    ISSN 1537-4505 ; 1531-7129
    ISSN (online) 1537-4505
    ISSN 1531-7129
    DOI 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003330
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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