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Article ; Online: What do we need to know about the monkeypox virus infection in humans?

Brasil, Patrícia / Martins, Ezequias Batista / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro

2022 Volume 38, Issue 9, Page(s) e00129222

Title translation	O que precisamos saber sobre a infecção humana pelo vírus monkeypox?
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Monkeypox virus
Language	Portuguese
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1115730-6
ISSN	1678-4464 ; 0102-311X
ISSN (online)	1678-4464
ISSN	0102-311X
DOI	10.1590/0102-311XPT129222
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Article ; Online: Oral manifestations of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients: a cross-sectional study.

Fernandes, Tatiana Jorge / Ogrzewalska, Maria / Martins, Ezequias Batista / de Siqueira, Marilda Agudo Mendonça Teixeira / Brasil, Patrícia / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral

BMC oral health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 696

Abstract: Background: Early studies have highlighted the possible development of dysgeusia and anosmia in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and these manifestations should be considered a potential indication of coronavirus ... ...

Abstract	Background: Early studies have highlighted the possible development of dysgeusia and anosmia in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and these manifestations should be considered a potential indication of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). As potential contributors to these symptoms, dentists should perform careful oral and oropharyngeal examinations and document suspicious oral lesions in patients with COVID-19, especially in those who complain of loss of taste and smell. The study's objective was to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations among ambulatory unvaccinated symptomatic patients with suspected COVID-19 during the acute phase of the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated oral manifestations in adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare data between the groups (rRT-PCR-positive and rRT-PCR-negative patients). Results: One hundred thirty-six participants were included. Most were female (n = 79; 58.1%), with a mean age of 39.53 (± 14.17) years. Of these, 54 (39.7%) had a positive rRT-PCR test, and 82 (60.3%) had negative rRT-PCR results. Oral manifestations were observed in 40 participants (74.1%) in the rRT-PCR-positive group and 67 participants (81.7%) in the rRT-PCR-negative group. The most common oral manifestations were xerostomia (n = 85; 62.5%) and dysgeusia/ageusia (n = 57; 41.9%). Different rates of gingivitis (n = 12; 22.2% vs. n = 5; 6.1%; p = 0.005) and halitosis (n = 7; 13.0% vs. n = 1; 1.2%; p = 0.007) were observed between the rRT-PCR-positive and -negative groups, respectively. Mouth ulcers, glossitis, tongue coating, and petechiae were reported in both groups without significant differences. Conclusions: A high prevalence of oral manifestations was observed in symptomatic patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Clinical relevance: This study highlights the importance of routine oral examinations by dentists as part of the multidisciplinary care of COVID-19 patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dysgeusia/epidemiology ; Dysgeusia/etiology ; Dysgeusia/diagnosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-023-03325-z
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Article ; Online: Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in body fluids associated with sexual activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Kara, Edna / Gonsalves, Lianne / Seuc, Armando Humberto / de Oliveira, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes / Thwin, Soe Soe / Gomez Ponce de León, Rodolfo / Gámez, Maité Cabrera / Peña, Gilda Monteagudo / Pendás, Bertha Victoria Rodríguez / Alzugaray, Manuel Gómez / Carballo, Gisel Ovies / Cala, Duniesky Cintra / Guimarães, Patrícia Machado Quintaes / Bonet, Mercedes / Taylor, Melanie / Thorson, Anna / Kim, Caron / Ali, Moazzam /

Broutet, Nathalie

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e073084

Abstract: Objective: To identify and summarise the evidence on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection and persistence in body fluids associated with sexual activity (saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal ...

Abstract	Objective: To identify and summarise the evidence on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection and persistence in body fluids associated with sexual activity (saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal secretion). Eligibility: All studies that reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal swabs. Information sources: The WHO COVID-19 database from inception to 20 April 2022. Risk of bias assessment: The National Institutes of Health tools. Synthesis of results: The proportion of patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 and the proportion of patients with a viral duration/persistence of at least 14 days in each fluid was calculated using fixed or random effects models. Included studies: A total of 182 studies with 10 023 participants. Results: The combined proportion of individuals with detection of SARS-CoV-2 was 82.6% (95% CI: 68.8% to 91.0%) in saliva, 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9% to 2.6%) in semen, 2.7% (95% CI: 1.8% to 4.0%) in vaginal secretion, 3.8% (95% CI: 1.9% to 7.6%) in urine and 31.8% (95% CI: 26.4% to 37.7%) in faeces/rectal swabs. The maximum viral persistence for faeces/rectal secretions was 210 days, followed by semen 121 days, saliva 112 days, urine 77 days and vaginal secretions 13 days. Culturable SARS-CoV-2 was positive for saliva and faeces. Limitations: Scarcity of longitudinal studies with follow-up until negative results. Interpretation: SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in all fluids associated with sexual activity but was rare in semen and vaginal secretions. Ongoing droplet precautions and awareness of the potential risk of contact with faecal matter/rectal mucosa are needed. Prospero registration number: CRD42020204741.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; RNA, Viral ; Virus Shedding ; Body Fluids ; Sexual Behavior
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073084
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Article ; Online: Challenges of acute febrile illness diagnosis in a national infectious diseases center in Rio de Janeiro: 16-year experience of syndromic surveillance.

Bressan, Clarisse da Silveira / Teixeira, Maria de Lourdes Benamor / Gouvêa, Maria Isabel Fragoso da Silveira / de Pina-Costa, Anielle / Santos, Heloísa Ferreira Pinto / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Lupi, Otilia / Siqueira, Andre Machado / Valls-de-Souza, Rogério / Valim, Clarissa / Brasil, Patrícia

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2023 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0011232

Abstract: Introduction: Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are a frequent chief complaint in outpatients. Because the capacity to investigate the causative pathogen of AFIs is limited in low- and middle-income countries, patient management may be suboptimal. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are a frequent chief complaint in outpatients. Because the capacity to investigate the causative pathogen of AFIs is limited in low- and middle-income countries, patient management may be suboptimal. Understanding the distribution of causes of AFI can improve patient outcomes. This study aims to describe the most common etiologies diagnosed over a 16-years period in a national reference center for tropical diseases in a large urban center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: From August 2004-December 2019, 3591 patients > 12 years old, with AFI and/or rash were eligible. Complementary exams for etiological investigation were requested using syndromic classification as a decision guide. Results. Among the 3591 patients included, endemic arboviruses such as chikungunya (21%), dengue (15%) and zika (6%) were the most common laboratory-confirmed diagnosis, together with travel-related malaria (11%). Clinical presumptive diagnosis lacked sensitivity for emerging diseases such as zika (31%). Rickettsia disease and leptospirosis were rarely investigated and an infrequent finding when based purely on clinical features. Respiratory symptoms increased the odds for the diagnostic remaining inconclusive. Conclusions: Numerous patients did not have a conclusive etiologic diagnosis. Since syndromic classification used for standardization of etiological investigation and presumptive clinical diagnosis had moderate accuracy, it is necessary to incorporate new diagnostic technologies to improve diagnostic accuracy and surveillance capacity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Travel ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Travel-Related Illness ; Communicable Diseases ; Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; Zika Virus ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0011232
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Article ; Online: Paracoccidioidomycosis and pregnancy: A 40-year single-center cohort study in the endemic area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Benko, Lorena Macedo Pestana / Vieira da Silva, Mariana Evangelista de Souza / Falcão, Eduardo Mastrangelo Marinho / Freitas, Dayvison Francis Saraiva / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Almeida, Marcos de Abreu / Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo / Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely Maria / do Valle, Antonio Carlos Francesconi / de Macedo, Priscila Marques

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2023 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0011645

Abstract: The occurrence of acute paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) in urban areas of the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, has emerged in recent years. Therefore, young populations, including pregnant women, are at a higher risk of infection. Furthermore, young women ... ...

Abstract	The occurrence of acute paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) in urban areas of the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, has emerged in recent years. Therefore, young populations, including pregnant women, are at a higher risk of infection. Furthermore, young women undergoing itraconazole treatment for PCM have increased chances to get pregnant because this medication may reduce the effectiveness of contraceptives. Acute PCM is invasive, reaching abdominal organs, posing a maternal-fetal risk. PCM treatment in pregnant women is also challenging due to the teratogenicity associated with the currently available oral drugs. There are scarce studies on PCM and pregnancy, mainly consisting of case reports and experimental murine models that highlight the severity of this association. We conducted a database research at a PCM reference center in Rio de Janeiro state from 1980 to 2020. We included patients diagnosed with PCM who were pregnant shortly before, at admission, or at any moment of their PCM follow-up care. Data related to pregnancy, childbirth, and the newborn were obtained from the Brazilian official public databases. We also reviewed the epidemiological and clinical features of these patients. During the study period, we identified 18 pregnant patients, with a median age of 26 years (range: 16-38). Among these cases, six (33.3%) were detected in the last 5 years, and 14 (77.8%) presented acute PCM, supporting the recent shift in the epidemiological profile towards acute PCM. Most pregnancies occurred during PCM treatment (n = 11, 61.1%), which led to challenges in the therapeutic management. Maternal-fetal complications occurred in some of these cases, including vaginal bleeding (n = 1), preeclampsia (n = 1), prematurity (n = 2), low birth weight (n = 4), and fetal deaths (n = 2). PCM during pregnancy presents a significant public health concern in the context of the emergence of acute PCM in urban areas.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Paracoccidioidomycosis/drug therapy ; Paracoccidioidomycosis/epidemiology ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Itraconazole ; Databases, Factual
Chemical Substances	Itraconazole (304NUG5GF4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0011645
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Article ; Online: Long COVID-19 syndrome associated with Omicron XBB.1.5 infection: a case report.

Espíndola, Otávio / Resende, Paola C / Guaraldo, Lusiele / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Fuller, Trevon L / Penetra, Stephanie Lema Suarez / Santos, Heloisa Ferreira Pinto / Pina-Costa, Anielle / da Silva, Michele Fernanda Borges / Moraes, Isabella Campos Vargas / Medeiros, Fernando / Whitworth, Jimmy / Smith, Christopher / Nielsen-Saines, Karin / Siqueira, Marilda M / Brasil, Patrícia

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

2023 Volume 118, Page(s) e230069

Abstract: Background: There is interest in lingering non-specific symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, referred to as Long coronavirus disease 2019 (Long COVID-19). It remains unknown whether the risk of Long ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is interest in lingering non-specific symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, referred to as Long coronavirus disease 2019 (Long COVID-19). It remains unknown whether the risk of Long COVID-19 is associated with pre-existing comorbidities or initial COVID-19 severity, including infections due to new Omicron lineages which predominated in 2023. Objectives: The aim of this case report was to characterize the clinical features of acute XBB.1.5 infection followed by Long COVID-19. Methods: We followed a 73-year old female resident of Rio de Janeiro with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection and subsequent months. The SARS-CoV-2 lineage was determined by genome sequencing. Findings: The participant denied comorbidities and had completed a two-dose vaccination schedule followed by two booster doses eight months prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary infection by viral lineage XBB.1.5. was clinically mild, but the participant subsequently reported persistent fatigue. Main conclusions: This case demonstrates that Long COVID-19 may develop even after mild disease due to SARS-CoV-2 in fully vaccinated and boosted individuals without comorbidities. Continued monitoring of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated clinical outcomes is warranted. Measures to prevent infection should continue to be implemented including development of new vaccines and antivirals effective against novel variants.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Aged ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Brazil ; Chromosome Mapping
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	953293-6
ISSN	1678-8060 ; 0074-0276
ISSN (online)	1678-8060
ISSN	0074-0276
DOI	10.1590/0074-02760230069
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Article ; Online: Challenges of acute febrile illness diagnosis in a national infectious diseases center in Rio de Janeiro

Clarisse da Silveira Bressan / Maria de Lourdes Benamor Teixeira / Maria Isabel Fragoso da Silveira Gouvêa / Anielle de Pina-Costa / Heloísa Ferreira Pinto Santos / Guilherme Amaral Calvet / Otilia Lupi / Andre Machado Siqueira / Rogério Valls-de-Souza / Clarissa Valim / Patrícia Brasil

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 4, p e

16-year experience of syndromic surveillance.

2023 Volume 0011232

Abstract: Introduction Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are a frequent chief complaint in outpatients. Because the capacity to investigate the causative pathogen of AFIs is limited in low- and middle-income countries, patient management may be suboptimal. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) are a frequent chief complaint in outpatients. Because the capacity to investigate the causative pathogen of AFIs is limited in low- and middle-income countries, patient management may be suboptimal. Understanding the distribution of causes of AFI can improve patient outcomes. This study aims to describe the most common etiologies diagnosed over a 16-years period in a national reference center for tropical diseases in a large urban center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods From August 2004-December 2019, 3591 patients > 12 years old, with AFI and/or rash were eligible. Complementary exams for etiological investigation were requested using syndromic classification as a decision guide. Results. Among the 3591 patients included, endemic arboviruses such as chikungunya (21%), dengue (15%) and zika (6%) were the most common laboratory-confirmed diagnosis, together with travel-related malaria (11%). Clinical presumptive diagnosis lacked sensitivity for emerging diseases such as zika (31%). Rickettsia disease and leptospirosis were rarely investigated and an infrequent finding when based purely on clinical features. Respiratory symptoms increased the odds for the diagnostic remaining inconclusive. Conclusions Numerous patients did not have a conclusive etiologic diagnosis. Since syndromic classification used for standardization of etiological investigation and presumptive clinical diagnosis had moderate accuracy, it is necessary to incorporate new diagnostic technologies to improve diagnostic accuracy and surveillance capacity.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Cohort-profile: Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Brasil, Patrícia / Damasceno, Luana / Fuller, Trevon / Bastos, Leonardo S / Cruz, Oswaldo G / Medeiros, Fernando / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Resende, Paola / Whitworth, Jimmy / Smith, Chris / Siqueira, Marilda M / Carvalho, Marilia

BMJ open

2022 Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) e067212

Abstract: Purpose: To better understand the household transmission of SARS-COV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022).: Participants: This is an open prospective cohort study of children ≤12 years old and their ...

Abstract	Purpose: To better understand the household transmission of SARS-COV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). Participants: This is an open prospective cohort study of children ≤12 years old and their household contacts. During home visits over 24 months, we collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural data, clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) RT-PCR and anti-S antibody tests. Among adults, the majority of participants were women (62%). Findings to date: We enrolled 845 families from May 2020 to May 2022. The median number of residents per household was four. The median household density, defined as the number of persons per room, was 0.95. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 occurrence was higher in households with a high number of persons per room. Children were not the principal source of SARS-CoV-2 infections in their households during the first wave of the pandemic. Future plans: Future studies will investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is relevant for the design of vaccines, antivirals and monoclonal antibodies. We will also engage in outreach to encourage vaccination as a means of limiting the transmission of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging pathogens.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Antibodies
Chemical Substances	Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067212
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Article ; Online: Zika virus infection: epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis.

Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Santos, Flavia Barreto Dos / Sequeira, Patricia Carvalho

Current opinion in infectious diseases

2016 Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 459–466

Abstract: Purpose of review: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus previously believed to cause only a mild and self-limiting illness. Recently, it has emerged as a new public health threat that caused a large outbreak in French Polynesia in 2013-2014 and since 2015 ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus previously believed to cause only a mild and self-limiting illness. Recently, it has emerged as a new public health threat that caused a large outbreak in French Polynesia in 2013-2014 and since 2015 an explosive outbreak in Brazil, with an increase in severe congenital malformations (microcephaly) and neurological complications, mainly Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Since then, it has spread through the Americas. On 1 February 2016, the WHO declared the ZIKV epidemic in Brazil a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. We reviewed the epidemiology of ZIKV infection, clinical presentations and diagnosis. We highlighted the clinical features and nonvector borne transmission of the virus. Recent findings: Association between ZIKV infection and severe foetal outcomes, including microcephaly and other birth defects; increased rate of GBS and other neurological complications due to the ongoing ZIKV outbreak; increased evidence to date of ZIKV being the only arbovirus linked to sexual transmission; the challenge of ZIKV diagnosis; and the need for a specific point-of care test in epidemic scenarios. Summary: The findings illustrate the emergence of a viral disease with the identification of new associated disorders, new modes of transmission, including maternal-foetal and sexual transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Americas/epidemiology ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/virology ; Humans ; Microcephaly/virology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/virology ; Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection/complications ; Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; Zika Virus Infection/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000000301
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Article ; Online: Evidence of Zika Virus Reinfection by Genome Diversity and Antibody Response Analysis, Brazil.

da Costa Castilho, Marcia / de Filippis, Ana Maria Bispo / Machado, Lais Ceschini / de Lima Calvanti, Thaise Yasmine Vasconcelos / Lima, Morganna Costa / Fonseca, Vagner / Giovanetti, Marta / Docena, Cassia / Neto, Armando Menezes / Bôtto-Menezes, Camila Helena Aguiar / Kara, Edna Oliveira / de La Barrera, Rafael / Modjarrad, Kayvon / Giozza, Silvana Pereira / Pereira, Gerson Fernando / Alcantara, Luiz Carlos Junior / Broutet, Nathalie Jeanne Nicole / Calvet, Guilherme Amaral / Wallau, Gabriel Luz /

Franca, Rafael Freitas Oliveira

Emerging infectious diseases

2024 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 310–320

Abstract: We generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 persons in Brazil who had samples collected over 1 year to evaluate virus persistence. Phylogenetic inference clustered the genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from northern Brazil, ... ...

Abstract	We generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 persons in Brazil who had samples collected over 1 year to evaluate virus persistence. Phylogenetic inference clustered the genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from northern Brazil, showing that ZIKV has been remained relatively stable over time. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed limited within-host diversity among most ZIKV-persistent infected associated samples. However, we detected unusual virus temporal diversity from >5 persons, uncovering the existence of divergent genomes within the same patient. All those patients showed an increase in neutralizing antibody levels, followed by a decline at the convalescent phase of ZIKV infection. Of interest, in 3 of those patients, titers of neutralizing antibodies increased again after 6 months of ZIKV infection, concomitantly with real-time reverse transcription PCR re-positivity, supporting ZIKV reinfection events. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the existence of ZIKV reinfection events.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Zika Virus/genetics ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; Antibody Formation ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Reinfection ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid3002.230122
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