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  1. Article ; Online: Does time-restricted eating add benefits to calorie restriction? A systematic review.

    Ezzati, Armin / McLaren, Christian / Bohlman, Carly / Tamargo, Javier A / Lin, Yi / Anton, Stephen D

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 640–654

    Abstract: Objective: A growing body of evidence has supported the health benefits of extended daily fasting, known as time-restricted eating (TRE); however, whether the addition of TRE enhances the known benefits of calorie restriction (CR) remains unclear.: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: A growing body of evidence has supported the health benefits of extended daily fasting, known as time-restricted eating (TRE); however, whether the addition of TRE enhances the known benefits of calorie restriction (CR) remains unclear.
    Methods: PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through April 2023. This systematic review includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CR + TRE with CR alone in energy-matched conditions of at least 8 weeks in duration that assessed changes in body weight and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity.
    Results: Seven studies were identified (n = 579). Two studies reported greater weight loss and reductions in diastolic blood pressure with CR + TRE compared with CR alone after 8 to 14 weeks, whereas one study reported greater improvements in triglycerides and glucose tolerance with CR + TRE (3 days/week) compared with CR alone following 26 weeks. One study reported significant increases in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels with CR + TRE versus CR alone after 8 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in any other outcome variable between the two interventions.
    Conclusions: The addition of TRE to CR regimens resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in some studies; however, the majority of studies did not find additional benefits.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Body Weight ; Caloric Restriction ; Eating ; Fasting ; Obesity/therapy ; Overweight/therapy ; Weight Loss/physiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.23984
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease control posture along suborthogonal directions that deviate from the traditional anteroposterior and mediolateral directions.

    Mangalam, Madhur / Kelty-Stephen, Damian G / Seleznov, Ivan / Popov, Anton / Likens, Aaron D / Kiyono, Ken / Stergiou, Nick

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4117

    Abstract: A rich and complex temporal structure of variability in postural sway characterizes healthy and adaptable postural control. However, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, which often manifest as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, ... ...

    Abstract A rich and complex temporal structure of variability in postural sway characterizes healthy and adaptable postural control. However, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, which often manifest as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, disrupt this healthy variability. This study examined postural sway in young and older adults, including individuals with Parkinson's disease, under different upright standing conditions to investigate the potential connection between the temporal structure of variability in postural sway and Parkinsonism. A novel and innovative method called oriented fractal scaling component analysis was employed. This method involves decomposing the two-dimensional center of pressure (CoP) planar trajectories to pinpoint the directions associated with minimal and maximal temporal correlations in postural sway. As a result, it facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the directional characteristics within the temporal structure of sway variability. The results demonstrated that healthy young adults control posture along two orthogonal directions closely aligned with the traditional anatomical anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) axes. In contrast, older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease controlled posture along suborthogonal directions that significantly deviate from the AP and ML axes. These findings suggest that the altered temporal structure of sway variability is evident in individuals with Parkinson's disease and underlies postural deficits, surpassing what can be explained solely by the natural aging process.
    MeSH term(s) Young Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; Tremor ; Posture ; Standing Position ; Postural Balance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-54583-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Can non-nutritive sweeteners enhance outcomes of weight loss interventions?

    Anton, Stephen D

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2014  Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 1413–1414

    MeSH term(s) Beverages ; Drinking Water/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Non-Nutritive Sweeteners/administration & dosage ; Weight Loss ; Weight Reduction Programs
    Chemical Substances Drinking Water ; Non-Nutritive Sweeteners
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.20779
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Food insecurity is associated with chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in the USA

    Javier A Tamargo / Larissa J Strath / Shama D Karanth / Antoinette L Spector / Kimberly T Sibille / Stephen Anton / Yenisel Cruz-Almeida

    Public Health Nutrition, Vol

    2024  Volume 27

    Abstract: Abstract Objective: This study evaluated whether food insecurity (US Adult Food Security Survey) was associated with chronic pain (≥ 3 months) and high-impact chronic pain (i.e. pain that limits work and life) among US adults. Design: Cross-sectional ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Objective: This study evaluated whether food insecurity (US Adult Food Security Survey) was associated with chronic pain (≥ 3 months) and high-impact chronic pain (i.e. pain that limits work and life) among US adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalised adults in the USA. Participants: 79 686 adults from the National Health Interview Survey (2019–2021). Results: Marginal, low and very low food security were associated with increased prevalence odds of chronic pain (OR: 1·58 (95 % CI 1·44, 1·72), 2·28 (95 % CI 2·06, 2·52) and 3·37 (95 % CI 3·01, 3·78), respectively) and high-impact chronic pain (OR: 1·28 (95 % CI 1·14, 1·42), 1·55 (95 % CI 1·37, 1·75) and 1·90 (95 % CI 1·65, 2·18), respectively) in a dose–response fashion (P-trend < 0·0001 for both), adjusted for sociodemographic, socio-economic and clinically relevant factors. Participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and age modified the association between food insecurity and chronic pain. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the impact of socio-economic factors on chronic pain and suggest that food insecurity may be a social determinant of chronic pain. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between food insecurity and chronic pain and to identify targets for interventions. Moreover, the consideration of food insecurity in the clinical assessment of pain and pain-related conditions among socio-economically disadvantaged adults may be warranted.
    Keywords Food insecurity ; Social determinants of health ; Chronic pain ; High-impact chronic pain ; Health disparities ; Vulnerable populations ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ; RC620-627
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Association between Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Primary Osteoporosis Patients and Bone Loss.

    Waldbaum, Julien D H / Xhumari, Jessica / Akinsuyi, Oluwamayowa S / Arjmandi, Bahram / Anton, Stephen / Roesch, Luiz Fernando Wurdig

    Aging and disease

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 2081–2095

    Abstract: In recent decades, gut microbiome research has experienced significant growth, driven by technological advances that enable quantifying bacterial taxa with greater precision. Age, diet, and living environment have emerged as three key factors influencing ...

    Abstract In recent decades, gut microbiome research has experienced significant growth, driven by technological advances that enable quantifying bacterial taxa with greater precision. Age, diet, and living environment have emerged as three key factors influencing gut microbes. Dysbiosis, resulting from alterations in these factors, may lead to changes in bacterial metabolites that regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and consequently impact bone health. Restoration of a healthy microbiome signature could mitigate inflammation and potentially reduce bone loss associated with osteoporosis or experienced by astronauts during spaceflight. However, current research is hindered by contradictory findings, insufficient sample sizes, and inconsistency in experimental conditions and controls. Despite progress in sequencing technology, defining a healthy gut microbiome across global populations remains elusive. Challenges persist in identifying accurate gut bacterial metabolics, specific taxa, and their effects on host physiology. We suggest greater attention be directed towards this issue in Western countries as the cost of treating osteoporosis in the United States reaches billions of dollars annually, with expenses projected to continue rising.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2625789-0
    ISSN 2152-5250 ; 2152-5250
    ISSN (online) 2152-5250
    ISSN 2152-5250
    DOI 10.14336/AD.2023.0425
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Interpretable Cognitive Ability Prediction: A Comprehensive Gated Graph Transformer Framework for Analyzing Functional Brain Networks.

    Qu, Gang / Orlichenko, Anton / Wang, Junqi / Zhang, Gemeng / Xiao, Li / Zhang, Kun / Wilson, Tony W / Stephen, Julia M / Calhoun, Vince D / Wang, Yu-Ping

    IEEE transactions on medical imaging

    2024  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 1568–1578

    Abstract: Graph convolutional deep learning has emerged as a promising method to explore the functional organization of the human brain in neuroscience research. This paper presents a novel framework that utilizes the gated graph transformer (GGT) model to predict ...

    Abstract Graph convolutional deep learning has emerged as a promising method to explore the functional organization of the human brain in neuroscience research. This paper presents a novel framework that utilizes the gated graph transformer (GGT) model to predict individuals' cognitive ability based on functional connectivity (FC) derived from fMRI. Our framework incorporates prior spatial knowledge and uses a random-walk diffusion strategy that captures the intricate structural and functional relationships between different brain regions. Specifically, our approach employs learnable structural and positional encodings (LSPE) in conjunction with a gating mechanism to efficiently disentangle the learning of positional encoding (PE) and graph embeddings. Additionally, we utilize the attention mechanism to derive multi-view node feature embeddings and dynamically distribute propagation weights between each node and its neighbors, which facilitates the identification of significant biomarkers from functional brain networks and thus enhances the interpretability of the findings. To evaluate our proposed model in cognitive ability prediction, we conduct experiments on two large-scale brain imaging datasets: the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The results show that our approach not only outperforms existing methods in prediction accuracy but also provides superior explainability, which can be used to identify important FCs underlying cognitive behaviors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cognition ; Diffusion ; Walking ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 622531-7
    ISSN 1558-254X ; 0278-0062
    ISSN (online) 1558-254X
    ISSN 0278-0062
    DOI 10.1109/TMI.2023.3343365
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Latent Similarity Identifies Important Functional Connections for Phenotype Prediction.

    Orlichenko, Anton / Qu, Gang / Zhang, Gemeng / Patel, Binish / Wilson, Tony W / Stephen, Julia M / Calhoun, Vince D / Wang, Yu-Ping

    IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering

    2023  Volume 70, Issue 6, Page(s) 1979–1989

    Abstract: Objective: Endophenotypes such as brain age and fluid intelligence are important biomarkers of disease status. However, brain imaging studies to identify these biomarkers often encounter limited numbers of subjects but high dimensional imaging features, ...

    Abstract Objective: Endophenotypes such as brain age and fluid intelligence are important biomarkers of disease status. However, brain imaging studies to identify these biomarkers often encounter limited numbers of subjects but high dimensional imaging features, hindering reproducibility. Therefore, we develop an interpretable, multivariate classification/regression algorithm, called Latent Similarity (LatSim), suitable for small sample size but high feature dimension datasets.
    Methods: LatSim combines metric learning with a kernel similarity function and softmax aggregation to identify task-related similarities between subjects. Inter-subject similarity is utilized to improve performance on three prediction tasks using multi-paradigm fMRI data. A greedy selection algorithm, made possible by LatSim's computational efficiency, is developed as an interpretability method.
    Results: LatSim achieved significantly higher predictive accuracy at small sample sizes on the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) dataset. Connections identified by LatSim gave superior discriminative power compared to those identified by other methods. We identified 4 functional brain networks enriched in connections for predicting brain age, sex, and intelligence.
    Conclusion: We find that most information for a predictive task comes from only a few (1-5) connections. Additionally, we find that the default mode network is over-represented in the top connections of all predictive tasks.
    Significance: We propose a novel prediction algorithm for small sample, high feature dimension datasets and use it to identify connections in task fMRI data. Our work can lead to new insights in both algorithm design and neuroscience research.
    MeSH term(s) Reproducibility of Results ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Algorithms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 160429-6
    ISSN 1558-2531 ; 0018-9294
    ISSN (online) 1558-2531
    ISSN 0018-9294
    DOI 10.1109/TBME.2022.3232964
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Food insecurity is associated with chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in the USA.

    Tamargo, Javier A / Strath, Larissa J / Karanth, Shama D / Spector, Antoinette L / Sibille, Kimberly T / Anton, Stephen / Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel

    Public health nutrition

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) e7

    Abstract: Objective: This study evaluated whether food insecurity (US Adult Food Security Survey) was associated with chronic pain (≥ 3 months) and high-impact chronic pain (i.e. pain that limits work and life) among US adults.: Design: Cross-sectional ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study evaluated whether food insecurity (US Adult Food Security Survey) was associated with chronic pain (≥ 3 months) and high-impact chronic pain (i.e. pain that limits work and life) among US adults.
    Design: Cross-sectional analysis.
    Setting: Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalised adults in the USA.
    Participants: 79 686 adults from the National Health Interview Survey (2019-2021).
    Results: Marginal, low and very low food security were associated with increased prevalence odds of chronic pain (OR: 1·58 (95 % CI 1·44, 1·72), 2·28 (95 % CI 2·06, 2·52) and 3·37 (95 % CI 3·01, 3·78), respectively) and high-impact chronic pain (OR: 1·28 (95 % CI 1·14, 1·42), 1·55 (95 % CI 1·37, 1·75) and 1·90 (95 % CI 1·65, 2·18), respectively) in a dose-response fashion (
    Conclusions: These findings illustrate the impact of socio-economic factors on chronic pain and suggest that food insecurity may be a social determinant of chronic pain. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between food insecurity and chronic pain and to identify targets for interventions. Moreover, the consideration of food insecurity in the clinical assessment of pain and pain-related conditions among socio-economically disadvantaged adults may be warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Chronic Pain/epidemiology ; Chronic Pain/etiology ; Poverty ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Food Supply ; Food Assistance ; Food Insecurity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1436024-x
    ISSN 1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
    ISSN (online) 1475-2727
    ISSN 1368-9800
    DOI 10.1017/S1368980023002732
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Effect of Physical Activity Intervention on Gait Speed by Frailty Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Custodero, Carlo / Agosti, Pasquale / Anton, Stephen D / Manini, Todd M / Lozupone, Madia / Panza, Francesco / Pahor, Marco / Sabbà, Carlo / Solfrizzi, Vincenzo

    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 489–496

    Abstract: Objectives: There is uncertainty about effects of physical activity on physical performance, such as gait speed, among community-dwelling older adults according to their physical frailty status. We determined whether a long-term, moderate-intensity ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: There is uncertainty about effects of physical activity on physical performance, such as gait speed, among community-dwelling older adults according to their physical frailty status. We determined whether a long-term, moderate-intensity physical activity program was associated with different responses on gait speed over 4 m and 400 m based on physical frailty status.
    Design: Post hoc analysis from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) (NCT01072500), a single-blind randomized clinical trial testing the effect of physical activity intervention compared with health education program.
    Setting and participants: We analyzed data on 1623 community-dwelling older adults (78.9 ± 5.2 years) at risk for mobility disability.
    Methods: Physical frailty was assessed at baseline using the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty index. Gait speed over 4 m and 400 m was measured at baseline, and 6, 12, and 24 months.
    Results: We estimated significantly better 400-m gait speed at 6, 12, and 24 months for nonfrail older adults in the physical activity group, but not for frail participants. Among frail participants, physical activity showed a potentially clinically meaningful benefit on 400-m gait speed at 6 months (0.055; 95% CI 0.016-0.094; P = .005), compared with the healthy educational intervention, only in those who, at baseline, were able to rise from a chair 5 times without using their arms.
    Conclusions and implications: A well-structured physical activity program produced a faster 400-m gait speed potentially able to prevent mobility disability among physically frail individuals with preserved muscle strength in lower limbs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Frailty ; Walking Speed ; Single-Blind Method ; Exercise ; Life Style ; Frail Elderly
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2171030-2
    ISSN 1538-9375 ; 1525-8610
    ISSN (online) 1538-9375
    ISSN 1525-8610
    DOI 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.01.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Novel insights on the role of spexin as a biomarker of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease.

    Kumar, Seema / Mankowski, Robert T / Anton, Stephen D / Babu Balagopal, P

    International journal of obesity (2005)

    2021  Volume 45, Issue 10, Page(s) 2169–2178

    Abstract: Spexin (SPX) is a 14-amino acid neuropeptide, discovered recently using bioinformatic techniques. It is encoded by the Ch12:orf39 gene that is widely expressed in different body tissues/organs across species, and secreted into systemic circulation. ... ...

    Abstract Spexin (SPX) is a 14-amino acid neuropeptide, discovered recently using bioinformatic techniques. It is encoded by the Ch12:orf39 gene that is widely expressed in different body tissues/organs across species, and secreted into systemic circulation. Recent reports have highlighted a potentially important regulatory role of SPX in obesity and related comorbidities. SPX is also ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, including white adipose tissue. The circulating concentration of SPX is significantly lower in individuals with obesity compared to normal weight counterparts. SPX's role in obesity appears to be related to various factors, such as the regulation of energy expenditure, appetite, and eating behaviors, increasing locomotion, and inhibiting long-chain fatty acid uptake into adipocytes. Recent reports have also suggested SPX's relationship with novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and glucose metabolism and evoked the potential role of SPX as a key biomarker/player in the early loss of cardiometabolic health and development of CVD and diabetes later in life. Data on age-related changes in SPX and SPX's response to various interventions are also emerging. The current review focuses on the role of SPX in obesity and related comorbidities across the life span, and its response to interventions in these conditions. It is expected that this article will provide new ideas for future research on SPX and its metabolic regulation, particularly related to cardiometabolic diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/analysis ; Biomarkers/blood ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/blood ; Metabolic Syndrome/genetics ; Obesity/blood ; Obesity/genetics ; Peptide Hormones/analysis ; Peptide Hormones/metabolism ; Peptide Hormones/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Peptide Hormones ; SPX protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 752409-2
    ISSN 1476-5497 ; 0307-0565
    ISSN (online) 1476-5497
    ISSN 0307-0565
    DOI 10.1038/s41366-021-00906-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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