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Article ; Online: In Search of a Feedback Signal for Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation: Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Reveals Altered Glutamate Dynamics in the Globus Pallidus in Anesthetized, 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Rats.

Chernov, Mykyta M / Swan, Christina B / Leiter, James C

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a surgical procedure for alleviating motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The pattern of DBS (e.g., the electrode pairs used and the intensity of stimulation) is usually optimized by ...

Abstract	Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a surgical procedure for alleviating motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The pattern of DBS (e.g., the electrode pairs used and the intensity of stimulation) is usually optimized by trial and error based on a subjective evaluation of motor function. We tested the hypotheses that DBS releases glutamate in selected basal ganglia nuclei and that the creation of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced nigrostriatal lesions alters glutamate release during DBS in those basal ganglia nuclei. We studied the relationship between a pseudo-random binary sequence of DBS and glutamate levels in the STN itself or in the globus pallidus (GP) in anesthetized, control, and 6-OHDA-treated rats. We characterized the stimulus-response relationships between DBS and glutamate levels using a transfer function estimated using System Identification. Stimulation of the STN elevated glutamate levels in the GP and in the STN. Although the 6-OHDA treatment did not affect glutamate dynamics in the STN during DBS in the STN, the transfer function between DBS in the STN and glutamate levels in the GP was significantly altered by the presence or absence of 6-OHDA-induced lesions. Thus, glutamate responses in the GP in the 6-OHDA-treated animals (but not in the STN) depended on dopaminergic inputs. For this reason, measuring glutamate levels in the GP may provide a useful feedback target in a closed-loop DBS device in patients with PD since the dynamics of glutamate release in the GP during DBS seem to reflect the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Subthalamic Nucleus ; Globus Pallidus ; Oxidopamine ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods ; Glutamic Acid ; Feedback ; Parkinson Disease/therapy
Chemical Substances	Oxidopamine (8HW4YBZ748) ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662125-3
ISSN	2079-6374 ; 2079-6374
ISSN (online)	2079-6374
ISSN	2079-6374
DOI	10.3390/bios13040480
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Fiberoptic array for multiple channel infrared neural stimulation of the brain.

Chernov, Mykyta M / Friedman, Robert M / Roe, Anna W

Neurophotonics

2021 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 25005

Abstract: Significance: ...

Abstract	Significance:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781943-7
ISSN	2329-4248 ; 2329-423X
ISSN (online)	2329-4248
ISSN	2329-423X
DOI	10.1117/1.NPh.8.2.025005
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Article ; Online: Head-mounted optical imaging and optogenetic stimulation system for use in behaving primates.

Zaraza, Derek / Chernov, Mykyta M / Yang, Yiyuan / Rogers, John A / Roe, Anna W / Friedman, Robert M

Cell reports methods

2022 Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) 100351

Abstract: Advances in optical technology have revolutionized studies of brain function in freely behaving mice. Here, we describe an optical imaging and stimulation device for use in primates that easily attaches to an intracranial chamber. It consists of ... ...

Abstract	Advances in optical technology have revolutionized studies of brain function in freely behaving mice. Here, we describe an optical imaging and stimulation device for use in primates that easily attaches to an intracranial chamber. It consists of affordable commercially available or 3D-printed components: a monochromatic camera, a small standard lens, a wireless μLED stimulator powered by an induction coil, and an LED array for illumination. We show that the intrinsic imaging performance of this device is comparable to a standard benchtop system in revealing the functional organization of the visual cortex for awake macaques in a primate chair or under anesthesia. Imaging revealed neural modulatory effects of wireless focal optogenetic stimulation aimed at identified functional domains. With a 1 to 2 cm field of view, 100× larger than previously used in primates without head restraint, our device permits widefield optical imaging and optogenetic stimulation for ethological studies in primates.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Optogenetics ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Primates ; Optical Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2667-2375
ISSN (online)	2667-2375
DOI	10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100351
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Article ; Online: Functionally specific optogenetic modulation in primate visual cortex.

Chernov, Mykyta M / Friedman, Robert M / Chen, Gang / Stoner, Gene R / Roe, Anna Wang

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2018 Volume 115, Issue 41, Page(s) 10505–10510

Abstract: In primates, visual perception is mediated by brain circuits composed of submillimeter nodes linked together in specific networks that process different types of information, such as eye specificity and contour orientation. We hypothesized that ... ...

Abstract	In primates, visual perception is mediated by brain circuits composed of submillimeter nodes linked together in specific networks that process different types of information, such as eye specificity and contour orientation. We hypothesized that optogenetic stimulation targeted to cortical nodes could selectively activate such cortical networks. We used viral transfection methods to confer light sensitivity to neurons in monkey primary visual cortex. Using intrinsic signal optical imaging and single-unit electrophysiology to assess effects of targeted optogenetic stimulation, we found that (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Channelrhodopsins/genetics ; Haplorhini ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Photic Stimulation ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
Chemical Substances	Channelrhodopsins
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1802018115
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Zs.A 1148: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: A 16-channel loop array for in vivo macaque whole-brain imaging at 3 T.

Quan, Zhiyan / Gao, Yang / Qu, Shuxian / Wang, Xiaojie / Friedman, Robert M / Chernov, Mykyta M / Kroenke, Christopher D / Roe, Anna Wang / Zhang, Xiaotong

Magnetic resonance imaging

2020 Volume 68, Page(s) 167–172

Abstract: Non-human primates (NHPs) are vital models for neuroscience research. These animals have been widely used in behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular, and more recently, multimodal neuroimaging and neuro-engineering studies. Several RF coil arrays ... ...

Abstract	Non-human primates (NHPs) are vital models for neuroscience research. These animals have been widely used in behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular, and more recently, multimodal neuroimaging and neuro-engineering studies. Several RF coil arrays have been designed for functional, high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but few have been designed to accommodate multimodal devices. In the present study, a 16-channel array coil was constructed for brain imaging of macaques at 3 Tesla (3 T). To construct this coil, a close-fitting helmet-shaped form was designed to host 16 coil loops for whole-brain coverage. This assembly is mountable onto stereotaxic head frame bars, and the coil functions while the monkey is in the sphinx position with a clear line of vision of stimuli presented from outside of the MRI system. In addition, 4 openings were allocated in the coil housing, allowing multimodal devices to directly access visual cortical regions such as V1-V4 and MT. Coil performance was evaluated in an anesthetized macaque by quantifying and comparing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), noise correlations, and g-factor maps to a vendor-supplied human pediatric coil frequently used for NHP MRI. The result from in vivo experiments showed that the NHP coil was well-decoupled, had higher SNRs in cortical regions, and improved data acquisition acceleration capability compared with a vendor-supplied human pediatric coil that has been frequently used in macaque MRI studies. Furthermore, whole-brain anatomic imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and functional brain imaging have also been conducted: the details of brain anatomical structure, such as cerebellum and brainstem, can be clearly visualized in T2-SPACE images; b0 SNR calculated from b0 maps was higher than the human pediatric coil in all regions of interest (ROIs); the time-course SNR (tSNR) map calculated for GRE-EPI images demonstrates that the presented coil can be used for high-resolution functional imaging at 3 T.
MeSH term(s)	Acceleration ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Anisotropy ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Stem/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Haplorhini ; Head ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Macaca ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuroimaging ; Radio Waves ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Visual Cortex/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604885-7
ISSN	1873-5894 ; 0730-725X
ISSN (online)	1873-5894
ISSN	0730-725X
DOI	10.1016/j.mri.2020.02.008
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Zs.A 1817: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: In Vivo Mapping of Cortical Columnar Networks in the Monkey with Focal Electrical and Optical Stimulation.

Roe, Anna Wang / Chernov, Mykyta M / Friedman, Robert M / Chen, Gang

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

2015 Volume 9, Page(s) 135

Abstract: There are currently largescale efforts to understand the brain as a connection machine. However, there has been little emphasis on understanding connection patterns between functionally specific cortical columns. Here, we review development and ... ...

Abstract	There are currently largescale efforts to understand the brain as a connection machine. However, there has been little emphasis on understanding connection patterns between functionally specific cortical columns. Here, we review development and application of focal electrical and optical stimulation methods combined with optical imaging and fMRI mapping in the non-human primate. These new approaches, when applied systematically on a large scale, will elucidate functionally specific intra-areal and inter-areal network connection patterns. Such functionally specific network data can provide accurate views of brain network topology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452969-2
ISSN	1662-5129
ISSN	1662-5129
DOI	10.3389/fnana.2015.00135
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Article ; Online: Microelectrode array stimulation combined with intrinsic optical imaging: A novel tool for functional brain mapping.

Chernov, Mykyta M / Chen, Gang / Torre-Healy, Luke A / Friedman, Robert M / Roe, Anna W

Journal of neuroscience methods

2016 Volume 263, Page(s) 7–14

Abstract: Background: Functional brain mapping via cortical microstimulation is a widely used clinical and experimental tool. However, data are traditionally collected point by point, making the technique very time consuming. Moreover, even in skilled hands, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Functional brain mapping via cortical microstimulation is a widely used clinical and experimental tool. However, data are traditionally collected point by point, making the technique very time consuming. Moreover, even in skilled hands, consistent penetration depths are difficult to achieve. Finally, the effects of microstimulation are assessed behaviorally, with no attempt to capture the activity of the local cortical circuits being stimulated. New method: We propose a novel method for functional brain mapping, which combines the use of a microelectrode array with intrinsic optical imaging. The precise spacing of electrodes allows for fast, accurate mapping of the area of interest in a regular grid. At the same time, the optical window allows for visualization of local neural connections when stimulation is combined with intrinsic optical imaging. Results: We demonstrate the efficacy of our technique using the primate motor cortex as a sample application, using a combination of microstimulation, imaging and electrophysiological recordings during wakefulness and under anesthesia. Comparison with current method: We find the data collected with our method is consistent with previous data published by others. We believe that our approach enables data to be collected faster and in a more consistent fashion and makes possible a number of studies that would be difficult to carry out with the traditional approach. Conclusions: Our technique allows for simultaneous modulation and imaging of cortical sensorimotor networks in wakeful subjects over multiple sessions which is highly desirable for both the study of cortical organization and the design of brain machine interfaces.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Forelimb/physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Microelectrodes ; Movement/physiology ; Optical Imaging ; Wakefulness
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	282721-9
ISSN	1872-678X ; 0165-0270
ISSN (online)	1872-678X
ISSN	0165-0270
DOI	10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.01.018
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Zs.A 1486: Show issues

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Ionic mechanisms of central CO(2) chemosensitivity.

Chernov, Mykyta M / Erlichman, Joseph S / Leiter, J C

Respiratory physiology & neurobiology

2010 Volume 173, Issue 3, Page(s) 298–304

Abstract: A comparative analysis of chemosensory systems in invertebrates and vertebrates reveals that different animals use similar strategies when sensing CO(2) to control respiration. A variety of animals possess neurons that respond to changes in pH. These ... ...

Abstract	A comparative analysis of chemosensory systems in invertebrates and vertebrates reveals that different animals use similar strategies when sensing CO(2) to control respiration. A variety of animals possess neurons that respond to changes in pH. These respiratory chemoreceptor neurons seem to rely largely on pH-dependent inhibition of potassium channels, but the channels do not appear to be uniquely adapted to detect pH. The 'chemosensory' potassium channels identified thus far are widely distributed, common potassium channels. The pH-sensitivity is a common feature of the channels whether the channels are in chemosensory neurons or not. Thus, the pattern of synaptic connectivity and the mix of potassium channels expressed seem to determine whether a neuron is chemosensory or not, rather than any special adaptation of a channel for pH-sensitivity. Moreover, there are often multiple pH-sensitive channels in each chemosensory neuron. These ionic mechanisms may, however, be only part of the chemosensory process, and pH-dependent modulation of synaptic activity seems to contribute to central chemosensitivity as well. In addition, the exploration of the mechanisms of pH-dependent modulation of ion channel activity in chemosensory cells is incomplete: additional mechanisms of pH modulation of channel activity may be found, and addition conductances, other than potassium channels, may participate in the chemosensory process.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Brain/physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Chemoreceptor Cells/cytology ; Chemoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Chemical Substances	Ion Channels ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2077867-3
ISSN	1878-1519 ; 1569-9048
ISSN (online)	1878-1519
ISSN	1569-9048
DOI	10.1016/j.resp.2010.03.022
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Zs.A 519: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Focal infrared neural stimulation with high-field functional MRI: A rapid way to map mesoscale brain connectomes.

Xu, Augix Guohua / Qian, Meizhen / Tian, Feiyan / Xu, Bin / Friedman, Robert M / Wang, Jianbao / Song, Xuemei / Sun, Yi / Chernov, Mykyta M / Cayce, Jonathan M / Jansen, E Duco / Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita / Zhang, Xiaotong / Chen, Gang / Roe, Anna Wang

Science advances

2019 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) eaau7046

Abstract: We have developed a way to map brain-wide networks using focal pulsed infrared neural stimulation in ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patterns of connections revealed are similar to those of connections previously mapped with ... ...

Abstract	We have developed a way to map brain-wide networks using focal pulsed infrared neural stimulation in ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patterns of connections revealed are similar to those of connections previously mapped with anatomical tract tracing methods. These include connections between cortex and subcortical locations and long-range cortico-cortical connections. Studies of local cortical connections reveal columnar-sized laminar activation, consistent with feed-forward and feedback projection signatures. This method is broadly applicable and can be applied to multiple areas of the brain in different species and across different MRI platforms. Systematic point-by-point application of this method may lead to fundamental advances in our understanding of brain connectomes.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Animals ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Connectome ; Electrophysiology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Infrared Rays ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/physiology ; Saimiri ; Visual Cortex/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.aau7046
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Article: Infrared neural stimulation: a new stimulation tool for central nervous system applications.

Chernov, Mykyta / Roe, Anna Wang

Neurophotonics

2014 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 11011

Abstract: The traditional approach to modulating brain function (in both clinical and basic science applications) is to tap into the neural circuitry using electrical currents applied via implanted electrodes. However, it suffers from a number of problems, ... ...

Abstract	The traditional approach to modulating brain function (in both clinical and basic science applications) is to tap into the neural circuitry using electrical currents applied via implanted electrodes. However, it suffers from a number of problems, including the risk of tissue trauma, poor spatial specificity, and the inability to selectively stimulate neuronal subtypes. About a decade ago, optical alternatives to electrical stimulation started to emerge in order to address the shortcomings of electrical stimulation. We describe the use of one optical stimulation technique, infrared neural stimulation (INS), during which short (of the order of a millisecond) pulses of infrared light are delivered to the neural tissue. Very focal stimulation is achieved via a thermal mechanism and stimulation location can be quickly adjusted by redirecting the light. After describing some of the work done in the peripheral nervous system, we focus on the use of INS in the central nervous system to investigate functional connectivity in the visual and somatosensory areas, target specific functional domains, and influence behavior of an awake nonhuman primate. We conclude with a positive outlook for INS as a tool for safe and precise targeted brain stimulation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2781943-7
ISSN	2329-4248 ; 2329-423X
ISSN (online)	2329-4248
ISSN	2329-423X
DOI	10.1117/1.NPh.1.1.011011
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