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Article ; Online: Modeling Provincial Covid-19 Epidemic Data Using an Adjusted Time-Dependent SIRD Model.

Ferrari, Luisa / Gerardi, Giuseppe / Manzi, Giancarlo / Micheletti, Alessandra / Nicolussi, Federica / Biganzoli, Elia / Salini, Silvia

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 12

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a forecasting model for the spread of COVID-19 infection at a provincial (i.e., EU NUTS-3) level in Italy by using official data from the Italian Ministry of Health integrated with data extracted from daily official press ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we develop a forecasting model for the spread of COVID-19 infection at a provincial (i.e., EU NUTS-3) level in Italy by using official data from the Italian Ministry of Health integrated with data extracted from daily official press conferences of regional authorities and local newspaper websites. This data integration is needed as COVID-19 death data are not available at the NUTS-3 level from official open data channels. An adjusted time-dependent SIRD model is used to predict the behavior of the epidemic; specifically, the number of susceptible, infected, deceased, recovered people and epidemiological parameters. Predictive model performance is evaluated using comparison with real data.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Epidemics ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18126563
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Article: Ionizing radiation microbeam facilities for radiobiological studies in Europe.

Gerardi, Silvia

Journal of radiation research

2009 Volume 50 Suppl A, Page(s) A13–20

Abstract: A growing body of experimental evidence gathered in the last 10-15 years with regard to targeted and non-targeted effects of low doses of ionizing radiation (hyper-radiosensitivity, induced radio-resistance, adaptive response, genomic instability, ... ...

Abstract	A growing body of experimental evidence gathered in the last 10-15 years with regard to targeted and non-targeted effects of low doses of ionizing radiation (hyper-radiosensitivity, induced radio-resistance, adaptive response, genomic instability, bystander effects) has pushed the radiobiology research towards a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, the extent to which they are active in-vivo, and how they are inter-related. In such a way factors could be obtained and included in the estimation of potential cancer risk to the human population of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. Different experimental approaches have been developed and employed to study such effects in-vitro (medium transfer experiments; broad-field irradiation at low doses also with insert or shielding systems...). In this regard, important contributions came from ionizing radiation microbeam facilities that turn to be powerful tools to perform selective irradiations of individual cells inside a population with an exact, defined and reproducible dose (i.e. number of particles, in case of charged particle microbeams). Over the last 20 years the use of microbeams for radiobiological applications increased substantially and a continuously growing number of such facilities, providing X-rays, electrons, light and heavy ions, has been developing all over the world. Nowadays, just in Europe there are 12 microbeam facilities fully-operational or under-development, out of more than 30 worldwide. An overview of the European microbeam facilities for radiobiological studies is presented and discussed in this paper.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Assay/instrumentation ; Biological Assay/methods ; Bystander Effect/physiology ; Bystander Effect/radiation effects ; Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Equipment Design ; Europe ; Humans ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiobiology/instrumentation ; Radiobiology/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603983-2
ISSN	0449-3060
ISSN	0449-3060
DOI	10.1269/jrr.08133s
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Article ; Online: Ballistic Deficit Pulse Processing in Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Pixel Detectors for High-Flux X-ray Measurements.

Buttacavoli, Antonino / Principato, Fabio / Gerardi, Gaetano / Bettelli, Manuele / Zappettini, Andrea / Seller, Paul / Veale, Matthew C / Zanettini, Silvia / Abbene, Leonardo

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 9

Abstract: High-flux X-ray measurements with high-energy resolution and high throughput require the mitigation of pile-up and dead time effects. The reduction of the time width of the shaped pulses is a key approach, taking into account the distortions from the ... ...

Abstract	High-flux X-ray measurements with high-energy resolution and high throughput require the mitigation of pile-up and dead time effects. The reduction of the time width of the shaped pulses is a key approach, taking into account the distortions from the ballistic deficit, non-linearity, and time instabilities. In this work, we will present the performance of cadmium−zinc−telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors equipped with digital shapers faster than the preamplifier peaking times (ballistic deficit pulse processing). The effects on energy resolution, throughput, energy-linearity, time stability, charge sharing, and pile-up are shown. The results highlight the absence of time instabilities and high-energy resolution (<4% FWHM at 122 keV) when ballistic deficit pulse processing (dead time of 90 ns) was used in CZT pixel detectors. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of spectroscopic imagers for medical applications (mammography, computed tomography) and non-destructive testing in the food industry.
MeSH term(s)	Cadmium ; Tellurium/chemistry ; X-Rays ; Zinc/chemistry
Chemical Substances	CdZnTe ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Tellurium (NQA0O090ZJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22093409
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Article ; Online: Risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions showed low inter-rater reliability and challenges in its application.

Minozzi, Silvia / Cinquini, Michela / Gianola, Silvia / Castellini, Greta / Gerardi, Chiara / Banzi, Rita

Journal of clinical epidemiology

2019 Volume 112, Page(s) 28–35

Abstract: Objective: To assess the inter-rater reliability (IRR) and usability of the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool (ROBINS-I).: Study design and setting: We designed a cross-sectional study. Five raters independently applied ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the inter-rater reliability (IRR) and usability of the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool (ROBINS-I). Study design and setting: We designed a cross-sectional study. Five raters independently applied ROBINS-I to the nonrandomized cohort studies in three systematic reviews on vaccines, opiate abuse, and rehabilitation. We calculated Fleiss' Kappa for multiple raters as a measure of IRR and discussed the application of ROBINS-I to identify difficulties and possible reasons for disagreement. Results: Thirty one studies were included (195 evaluations). IRRs were slight for overall judgment (IRR 0.06, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.12) and individual domains (from 0.04, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.12 for the domain "selection of reported results" to 0.18, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.26 for the domain "deviation from intended interventions"). Mean time to apply the tool was 27.8 minutes (SD 12.6) per study. The main difficulties were due to poor reporting of primary studies, misunderstanding of the question, translation of questions into a final judgment, and incomplete guidance. Conclusion: We found ROBINS-I difficult and demanding, even for raters with substantial expertise in systematic reviews. Calibration exercises and intensive training before its application are needed to improve reliability.
MeSH term(s)	Ankle Injuries/rehabilitation ; Bias ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Vaccines/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639306-8
ISSN	1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
ISSN (online)	1878-5921
ISSN	0895-4356
DOI	10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.04.001
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Article ; Online: Sonodynamic therapy and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound: new therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma.

Bonosi, Lapo / Marino, Silvia / Benigno, Umberto Emanuele / Musso, Sofia / Buscemi, Felice / Giardina, Kevin / Gerardi, Rosamaria / Brunasso, Lara / Costanzo, Roberta / Iacopino, Domenico Gerardo / Maugeri, Rosario

Journal of neuro-oncology

2023 Volume 163, Issue 1, Page(s) 219–238

Abstract: Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. In recent years, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and magnetic resonance focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) have emerged as ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. In recent years, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and magnetic resonance focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) have emerged as promising approaches for the treatment of GB. SDT uses ultrasound waves in combination with a sonosensitizer to selectively damage cancer cells, while MRgFUS delivers high-intensity ultrasound waves to precisely target tumor tissue and disrupt the blood-brain barrier to enhance drug delivery. In this review, we explore the potential of SDT as a novel therapeutic strategy for GB. We discuss the principles of SDT, its mechanisms of action, and the preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated its use in Gliomas. We also highlight the challenges, the limitations, and the future perspectives of SDT. Overall, SDT and MRgFUS hold promise as novel and potentially complementary treatment modalities for GB. Further research is needed to optimize their parameters and determine their safety and efficacy in humans, but their potential for selective and targeted tumor destruction makes them an exciting area of investigation in the field of brain cancer therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glioblastoma/diagnostic imaging ; Glioblastoma/therapy ; Glioma/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/therapy ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Brain/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Cell Line, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604875-4
ISSN	1573-7373 ; 0167-594X
ISSN (online)	1573-7373
ISSN	0167-594X
DOI	10.1007/s11060-023-04333-3
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Article ; Online: Modeling Provincial Covid-19 Epidemic Data Using an Adjusted Time-Dependent SIRD Model

Luisa Ferrari / Giuseppe Gerardi / Giancarlo Manzi / Alessandra Micheletti / Federica Nicolussi / Elia Biganzoli / Silvia Salini

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 6563, p

2021 Volume 6563

Abstract	In this paper, we develop a forecasting model for the spread of COVID-19 infection at a provincial (i.e., EU NUTS-3) level in Italy by using official data from the Italian Ministry of Health integrated with data extracted from daily official press conferences of regional authorities and local newspaper websites. This data integration is needed as COVID-19 death data are not available at the NUTS-3 level from official open data channels. An adjusted time-dependent SIRD model is used to predict the behavior of the epidemic; specifically, the number of susceptible, infected, deceased, recovered people and epidemiological parameters. Predictive model performance is evaluated using comparison with real data.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SIRD-derived models ; Italy ; EU NUTS-3 regions ; epidemic data ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Clinical Management of Long-Term Survivors after Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Bari, Alessia / Gerardi, Chiara / Allocati, Eleonora / Puzzovivo, Agata / De Sanctis, Vitaliana / Tucci, Alessandra / Balzarotti, Monica / Franceschetti, Silvia / Merli, Francesco / Guarini, Attilio / Gini, Guido / Minoia, Carla

Cancers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 23

Abstract: Compared to other patients suffering from hematological malignancies, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients have a long life expectancy when in complete remission at the end of first, or sometimes second, ... ...

Abstract	Compared to other patients suffering from hematological malignancies, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients have a long life expectancy when in complete remission at the end of first, or sometimes second, line treatments [...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers14235960
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Article ; Online: Potentialities of High-Resolution 3-D CZT Drift Strip Detectors for Prompt Gamma-Ray Measurements in BNCT.

Abbene, Leonardo / Principato, Fabio / Buttacavoli, Antonino / Gerardi, Gaetano / Bettelli, Manuele / Zappettini, Andrea / Altieri, Saverio / Auricchio, Natalia / Caroli, Ezio / Zanettini, Silvia / Protti, Nicoletta

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 4

Abstract: Recently, new high-resolution cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) drift strip detectors for room temperature gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging were developed by our group. The CZT detectors equipped with orthogonal anode/cathode collecting strips, drift strips ... ...

Abstract	Recently, new high-resolution cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) drift strip detectors for room temperature gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging were developed by our group. The CZT detectors equipped with orthogonal anode/cathode collecting strips, drift strips and dedicated pulse processing allow a detection area of 6 × 20 mm
MeSH term(s)	Boron Neutron Capture Therapy/methods ; Cadmium ; Gamma Rays ; Tellurium/chemistry ; Zinc
Chemical Substances	CdZnTe ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Tellurium (NQA0O090ZJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22041502
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Article: Late Neurological and Cognitive Sequelae and Long-Term Monitoring of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Survivors: A Systematic Review by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi.

Franceschetti, Silvia / Annunziata, Maria Antonietta / Agostinelli, Giulia / Gerardi, Chiara / Allocati, Eleonora / Minoia, Carla / Guarini, Attilio

Cancers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 14

Abstract: Background: The continuously improving treatment outcome for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) over the last 25 years has led to a high number of long-term survivors. The impact of treatment, however, can ... ...

Abstract	Background: The continuously improving treatment outcome for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) over the last 25 years has led to a high number of long-term survivors. The impact of treatment, however, can sometimes be dramatic and long-lasting. Focusing on peripheral neuropathy (PN), cognitive impairment, fatigue, anxiety, and depression, researchers of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi conducted a systematic review of the literature to collect the available data on sequelae incidence as well as evidence of follow-up strategies for long-term cHL and DLBCL survivors. Methods: The review was carried out under the methodological supervision of the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy. The literature search was conducted on three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) updated to November 2019. The selection process and data extraction were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 2236 abstracts were screened, 247 full texts were analyzed, and 35 papers were included in the final analysis. Fatigue was the most extensively studied among neuropsychological sequelae, with a mean prevalence among cHL survivors of 10-43%. Although many of the papers showed an increased incidence of PN, cognitive impairment, and anxiety and depression in long-term cHL and DLBCL survivors, no definite conclusions can be drawn because of the methodological limitations of the analyzed studies. No data on monitoring and follow-up strategies of PN and other neuropsychological sequelae were highlighted. Conclusions: Based on our findings, future studies in this setting should include well-defined study populations and have a longitudinal trial design to assess the outcomes of interest over time, thus as to structure follow-up programs that can be translated into daily practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers13143401
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Article ; Online: Preapproval and postapproval evidence on drugs for multiple sclerosis.

Gerardi, Chiara / Bertele', Vittorio / Rossi, Silvia / Garattini, Silvio / Banzi, Rita

Neurology

2018 Volume 90, Issue 21, Page(s) 964–973

Abstract: Objective: To review the evidence supporting the European Union marketing authorization of drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) and assess how far postmarketing research addresses information gaps at the time of approval.: Methods: Through its database, ...

Abstract	Objective: To review the evidence supporting the European Union marketing authorization of drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) and assess how far postmarketing research addresses information gaps at the time of approval. Methods: Through its database, we identified drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency and gathered data on pivotal trials from the European Public Assessment Reports and corresponding publications. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and trial registries for postmarketing randomized controlled trials testing the drugs identified in any form of the disease. Results: Since approval of interferon and glatiramer up to 2017, the Agency has examined 10 drugs for the treatment of MS, and 8 were included in this study: alemtuzumab, daclizumab, dimethyl fumarate, fampridine, fingolimod, peginterferon-β-1a, natalizumab, and teriflunomide. We analyzed 16 pivotal trials enrolling almost 16,000 participants. Eleven compared new drugs to placebo, 5 to interferon-β-1a. Annualized relapse rate was the primary outcome in two-thirds and coprimary with disability progression in the 2 studies of alemtuzumab. Of the 52 postmarketing trials, 24 reported final results and 28 were ongoing, terminated, or completed but no results were available. None directly compared the approved drugs, thus leaving their respective therapeutic values unknown. Data on the prevention of disease progression were scarce: none of the disease-modifying drugs showed any effect on disability progression. Conclusion: The lack of comparative evidence and data on clinical effectiveness hamper the assessment of therapeutic value and place in therapy of drugs approved for MS.
MeSH term(s)	4-Aminopyridine/therapeutic use ; Alemtuzumab/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Crotonates/therapeutic use ; Daclizumab/therapeutic use ; Dimethyl Fumarate/therapeutic use ; Drug Development ; European Union ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Interferon-beta/therapeutic use ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Natalizumab/therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Toluidines/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Crotonates ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Natalizumab ; Toluidines ; teriflunomide (1C058IKG3B) ; Alemtuzumab (3A189DH42V) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4) ; 4-Aminopyridine (BH3B64OKL9) ; Daclizumab (CUJ2MVI71Y) ; Dimethyl Fumarate (FO2303MNI2) ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride (G926EC510T) ; peginterferon beta-1a (I8309403R0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000005561
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