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Article ; Online: Formulation of silymarin binary and ternary solid dispersions

Fai A. Alkathiri / Sarah I. Bukhari / Syed Sarim Imam / Sultan Alshehri / Wael A. Mahdi

Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp e23221- (2024)

Characterization, simulation study and cell viability assessment against lung cancer cell line

1481

Abstract: Silymarin (SL) is a water-insoluble flavonoid used in the treatment of different diseases, but its therapeutic activity is limited due to its low solubility. So, in the present study, SL solid dispersions (SDs) were developed using different carriers ... ...

Abstract	Silymarin (SL) is a water-insoluble flavonoid used in the treatment of different diseases, but its therapeutic activity is limited due to its low solubility. So, in the present study, SL solid dispersions (SDs) were developed using different carriers like Kollidone VA64 (KL), Soluplus (SP), and Poloxamer 188 (PL) by solvent evaporation (SE), microwave irradiation (MI), and freeze-drying (FD) methods. The phase solubility and saturation solubility studies were assessed to estimate the stability constant as well as the carrier effect. The dissolution studies were performed for prepared SL-SDs (binary and ternary) to select the optimum SL-SDs. The selected SL-SDs (F5, F9) were further characterized for infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the comparative cell viability assay (lung cancer cell line) was performed to evaluate the change in activity after the formulation of SDs. The phase solubility and solubility study results displayed marked enhancements in solubility. The dissolution study findings showed significant enhancement in drug release from ternary solid dispersions (F7–F9) > ternary physical mixture (PM3) > binary solid dispersions (F1–F6) > binary physical mixture (PM1, PM2) in comparison to free SL. A greater release was observed from ternary SDs due to the addition of PL in the formulation, which had a synergistic effect on increasing the solubility. IR and NMR spectra revealed no chemical interaction between SL, KL, and PL. DSC, XRD, and SEM all confirmed the transformation of crystalline SL into amorphous SL. The cell viability assay demonstrated significantly enhanced results from ternary solid dispersion (F9) compared to free SL. Based on the study results, it can be said that SL-SDs are an alternative way to deliver drugs orally that can improve solubility and have anti-cancer activity.
Keywords	Silymarin ; Solid dispersion ; Solubility study ; Lung cancer ; Cell viability ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Formulation of silymarin binary and ternary solid dispersions: Characterization, simulation study and cell viability assessment against lung cancer cell line.

Alkathiri, Fai A / Bukhari, Sarah I / Imam, Syed Sarim / Alshehri, Sultan / Mahdi, Wael A

Heliyon

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) e23221

Abstract	Silymarin (SL) is a water-insoluble flavonoid used in the treatment of different diseases, but its therapeutic activity is limited due to its low solubility. So, in the present study, SL solid dispersions (SDs) were developed using different carriers like Kollidone VA64 (KL), Soluplus (SP), and Poloxamer 188 (PL) by solvent evaporation (SE), microwave irradiation (MI), and freeze-drying (FD) methods. The phase solubility and saturation solubility studies were assessed to estimate the stability constant as well as the carrier effect. The dissolution studies were performed for prepared SL-SDs (binary and ternary) to select the optimum SL-SDs. The selected SL-SDs (F5, F9) were further characterized for infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the comparative cell viability assay (lung cancer cell line) was performed to evaluate the change in activity after the formulation of SDs. The phase solubility and solubility study results displayed marked enhancements in solubility. The dissolution study findings showed significant enhancement in drug release from ternary solid dispersions (F7-F9) > ternary physical mixture (PM3) > binary solid dispersions (F1-F6) > binary physical mixture (PM1, PM2) in comparison to free SL. A greater release was observed from ternary SDs due to the addition of PL in the formulation, which had a synergistic effect on increasing the solubility. IR and NMR spectra revealed no chemical interaction between SL, KL, and PL. DSC, XRD, and SEM all confirmed the transformation of crystalline SL into amorphous SL. The cell viability assay demonstrated significantly enhanced results from ternary solid dispersion (F9) compared to free SL. Based on the study results, it can be said that SL-SDs are an alternative way to deliver drugs orally that can improve solubility and have anti-cancer activity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23221
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Formulation and Optimization of Butenafine-Loaded Topical Nano Lipid Carrier-Based Gel: Characterization, Irritation Study, and Anti-Fungal Activity.

Mahdi, Wael A / Bukhari, Sarah I / Imam, Syed Sarim / Alshehri, Sultan / Zafar, Ameeduzzafar / Yasir, Mohd

Pharmaceutics

2021 Volume 13, Issue 7

Abstract: The present study aims to prepare and optimize butenafine hydrochloride NLCs formulation using solid and liquid lipid. The optimized selected BF-NLCopt was further converted into Carbopol-based gel for topical application for the treatment of fungal ... ...

Abstract	The present study aims to prepare and optimize butenafine hydrochloride NLCs formulation using solid and liquid lipid. The optimized selected BF-NLCopt was further converted into Carbopol-based gel for topical application for the treatment of fungal infection. Box Behnken design was employed to optimize the nanostructure lipids carriers (NLCs) using the lipid content (A), Tween 80 (B), and homogenization cycle (C) as formulation factors at three levels. Their effects were observed on the particle size (Y
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics13071087
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Formulation of Chitosan-Coated Apigenin Bilosomes: In Vitro Characterization, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Assessment.

Imam, Syed Sarim / Alshehri, Sultan / Altamimi, Mohammad A / Almalki, Raed Khalid Hassan / Hussain, Afzal / Bukhari, Sarah I / Mahdi, Wael A / Qamar, Wajhul

Polymers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 5

Abstract: We prepared apigenin (APG)-loaded bilosomes (BLs) and evaluated them for vesicle size, zeta-potential and encapsulation efficiency. The formulations were prepared with cholesterol (CHL), sodium deoxy cholate (SDC), Tween 80 (T80) and phosphatidylcholine ( ...

Abstract	We prepared apigenin (APG)-loaded bilosomes (BLs) and evaluated them for vesicle size, zeta-potential and encapsulation efficiency. The formulations were prepared with cholesterol (CHL), sodium deoxy cholate (SDC), Tween 80 (T80) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) using solvent evaporation method. The prepared formulations showed the optimum result was coated with much mucoadhesive polymer chitosan (CH, 0.25 and 0.5% w/v). The chitosan-coated bilosomes (CH-BLs) were further evaluated for surface morphology, drug−polymer interaction, mucoadhesion, permeation, antimicrobial activity and cell viability. The prepared APG-BLs showed nano-metric size (211 ± 2.87 nm to 433 ± 1.98 nm), polydispersibility index <0.5, negative zeta potential (−15 to −29 mV) and enhanced encapsulation efficiency (69.5 ± 0.93 to 81.9 ± 1.3%). Based on these findings, selected formulation (F2) was further coated with chitosan and showed a marked increase in vesicle size (298 ± 3.56 nm), a positive zeta potential (+17 mV), superior encapsulation efficiency (88.1 ± 1.48%) and improved drug release (69.37 ± 1.34%). Formulation F2C1 showed significantly enhanced permeation and mucoadhesion (p < 0.05) compared to formulation F2 due to the presence of CH as a mucoadhesive polymer. The presence of CH on the surfaces of BLs helps to open the tight membrane junctions and leads to enhanced permeation. A TEM study revealed non-aggregated smooth surface vesicles. The antimicrobial and cell viability assessment revealed better effects in terms of zone of inhibition and cell line assessment against two different cancer cell line. From the study, it can be concluded that APG-CHBLs could be a superior alternative to conventional delivery systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym14050921
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Telehealth in the times of SARS-CoV-2 infection for the otolaryngologist.

Huang, Victoria W / Imam, Sarah A / Nguyen, Shaun A

World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery

2020 Volume 6, Page(s) S49–S53

Abstract: Objective: In response to the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery's recommendations to limit patient care activities in the times of SARS-CoV-2, many elective surgeries have been canceled without patient clinics transitioning to ... ...

Abstract	Objective: In response to the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery's recommendations to limit patient care activities in the times of SARS-CoV-2, many elective surgeries have been canceled without patient clinics transitioning to virtual visits. With regulations for telemedicine loosened, new possibilities for the practice of otolaryngology have opened. To address the uncertain duration of this pandemic, a review was conducted of current literature on use of telemedicine services in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and in previous national emergencies to reveal the role telemedicine can play for otolaryngology practices. Data sources: Pubmed articles with an independent search query were utilized. Methods: Literature review performed by one author searched for all published English-language literature on telehealth in the SARS-CoV-2 era. Articles were considered for discussion if they provided relevant developments for telemedicine in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results: Telemedicine can be up-scaled in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic where exposure containment is of the utmost priority. With patient interaction possible through virtual communication, telemedicine allows continued patient care while minimizing the risk of viral spread. In the realm of otolaryngology, telemedicine has been used in the past during disasters with other studies demonstrating high diagnostic concordance with inpatient visits. Many institutions have recognized the potential for such care as they begin utilize both virtual visits and in-person care during this pandemic. Conclusion: To limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, we support the AAO-HNS recommendation for the adoption of novel ways to employ telemedicine in this era. Many emergency departments and health care systems have the infrastructure necessary for synchronous video telemedicine visits that can be leveraged to provide quality care with patients. With the continued need to socially distance, telemedicine can protect both physicians and patients from unnecessary exposure to the virus.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2589-1081
ISSN (online)	2589-1081
DOI	10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.04.008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Anosmia, hyposmia, and dysgeusia as indicators for positive SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Lao, Wilson P / Imam, Sarah A / Nguyen, Shaun A

World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery

2020 Volume 6, Page(s) S22–S25

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-17
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2589-1081
ISSN (online)	2589-1081
DOI	10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.04.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Head and neck survivorship care in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Huang, Victoria W / Imam, Sarah A / Nguyen, Shaun A

Head & neck

2020 Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 1664–1667

Abstract: With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% ...

Abstract	With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for patients with cancer, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of patients with head and neck cancer in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety/etiology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Depression/etiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/psychology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation ; Social Support ; Survivorship ; Telemedicine ; Time-to-Treatment
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645165-2
ISSN	1097-0347 ; 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
ISSN (online)	1097-0347
ISSN	0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
DOI	10.1002/hed.26235
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Article: Recent Progress in Lipid Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics: Opportunity and Challenges.

Bukhari, Sarah I / Imam, Syed Sarim / Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki / Vuddanda, Parameswara Rao / Alshehri, Sultan / Mahdi, Wael A / Ahmad, Javed

Pharmaceutics

2021 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: Cancer is one of the major leading causes of mortality in the world. The implication of nanotherapeutics in cancer has garnered splendid attention owing to their capability to efficiently address various difficulties associated with conventional drug ... ...

Abstract	Cancer is one of the major leading causes of mortality in the world. The implication of nanotherapeutics in cancer has garnered splendid attention owing to their capability to efficiently address various difficulties associated with conventional drug delivery systems such as non-specific biodistribution, poor efficacy, and the possibility of occurrence of multi-drug resistance. Amongst a plethora of nanocarriers for drugs, this review emphasized lipidic nanocarrier systems for delivering anticancer therapeutics because of their biocompatibility, safety, high drug loading and capability to simultaneously carrying imaging agent and ligands as well. Furthermore, to date, the lack of interaction between diagnosis and treatment has hampered the efforts of the nanotherapeutic approach alone to deal with cancer effectively. Therefore, a novel paradigm with concomitant imaging (with contrasting agents), targeting (with biomarkers), and anticancer agent being delivered in one lipidic nanocarrier system (as cancer theranostics) seems to be very promising in overcoming various hurdles in effective cancer treatment. The major obstacles that are supposed to be addressed by employing lipidic theranostic nanomedicine include nanomedicine reach to tumor cells, drug internalization in cancer cells for therapeutic intervention, off-site drug distribution, and uptake via the host immune system. A comprehensive account of recent research updates in the field of lipidic nanocarrier loaded with therapeutic and diagnostic agents is covered in the present article. Nevertheless, there are notable hurdles in the clinical translation of the lipidic theranostic nanomedicines, which are also highlighted in the present review along with plausible countermeasures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics13060840
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Formulation of Piperine-Loaded Nanoemulsion: In Vitro Characterization, Ex Vivo Evaluation, and Cell Viability Assessment.

Alshehri, Sultan / Bukhari, Sarah I / Imam, Syed Sarim / Hussain, Afzal / Alghaith, Adel F / Altamimi, Mohammad A / AlAbdulkarim, Abdullah S / Almurshedi, Alanood

ACS omega

2023 Volume 8, Issue 25, Page(s) 22406–22413

Abstract: Piperine is an alkaloid, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to poor aqueous solubility. In this study, piperine nanoemulsions were prepared using oleic acid (oil), Cremophore EL (surfactant), and Tween 80 (co-surfactant) using the high-energy ... ...

Abstract	Piperine is an alkaloid, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to poor aqueous solubility. In this study, piperine nanoemulsions were prepared using oleic acid (oil), Cremophore EL (surfactant), and Tween 80 (co-surfactant) using the high-energy ultrasonication approach. The optimal nanoemulsion (N2) was further evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, release, permeation, antibacterial, and cell viability studies based on minimal droplet size and maximum encapsulation efficiency. The prepared nanoemulsions (N1-N6) showed a transmittance of more than 95%, a mean droplet size between 105 ± 4.11 and 250 ± 7.4 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.19 to 0.36, and a ζ potential of -19 to -39 mV. The optimized nanoemulsion (N2) showed significantly improved drug release and permeation compared with pure piperine dispersion. The nanoemulsions were stable in the tested media. The transmission electron microscopy image showed a spherical and dispersed nanoemulsion droplet. The antibacterial and cell line results of piperine nanoemulsions were significantly better than the pure piperine dispersion. The findings suggested that piperine nanoemulsions may be a more advanced nanodrug delivery system than conventional ones.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.2c08187
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Article ; Online: Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19.

Fried, Jacob / Imam, Sarah A / Lee, Joshua A / Nguyen, Shaun A

World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery

2020 Volume 6, Page(s) S33–S35

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-14
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-1081
ISSN (online)	2589-1081
DOI	10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.04.007
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