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  1. Article ; Online: Is there an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms.

    Teesing, G R / van Straten, B / de Man, P / Horeman-Franse, T

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2020  Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 246–253

    Abstract: Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.: Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
    Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials.
    Methods: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April-May 2020. Masks were tested to determine whether they filtered a minimum of 35% of 0.3-μm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed.
    Findings: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3-μm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing.
    Conclusions: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS-CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM₁ 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Equipment Design/standards ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Masks/standards ; Netherlands ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Respiratory Protective Devices/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Textiles/standards
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Is there an adequate alternative for commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms

    Teesing, G R / Straten, Bart van / Man, Peter de / Horeman, Tim

    J. hosp. infect

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide shortage of medical grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. AIM: To conclude if there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide shortage of medical grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. AIM: To conclude if there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials. METHODS: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April-May 2020. Masks were tested to see if they filter a minimum of 35% of 0.3É¥m particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed. FINDINGS: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3É¥m particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing. CONCLUSIONS: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM1 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #694722
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Is there an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms

    Teesing, G.R. (G. R.) / van Straten, B. (B.) / de Man, P. (P.) / Horeman-Franse, T. (T.)

    Journal of Hospital Infection vol. 106 no. 2, pp. 246-253

    2020  

    Abstract: Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials. Methods: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April–May 2020. Masks were tested to determine whether they filtered a minimum of 35% of 0.3-μm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed. Findings: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3-μm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing. Conclusions: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS-CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM₁ 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.
    Keywords Cloth ; ePM1 ; Filter ; MERV ; Surgical mask ; covid19
    Subject code 930
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Population-based screening in a municipality after a primary school outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant, the Netherlands, December 2020-February 2021.

    van Beek, Janko / Teesing, Gwen / Oude Munnink, Bas B / Meima, Abraham / Vriend, Henrike J / Elzakkers, Jessica / de Graaf, Miranda / Langeveld, Jeroen / Medema, Gert-Jan / Molenkamp, Richard / Voeten, Helene / Fanoy, Ewout / Koopmans, Marion

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) e0276696

    Abstract: An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant (Pango lineage B.1.1.7) was detected at a primary school (School X) in Lansingerland, the Netherlands, in December 2020. The outbreak was studied retrospectively, and population-based screening was used to assess ... ...

    Abstract An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant (Pango lineage B.1.1.7) was detected at a primary school (School X) in Lansingerland, the Netherlands, in December 2020. The outbreak was studied retrospectively, and population-based screening was used to assess the extent of virus circulation and decelerate transmission. Cases were SARS-CoV-2 laboratory confirmed and were residents of Lansingerland (November 16th 2020 until February 22th 2021), or had an epidemiological link with School X or neighbouring schools. The SARS-CoV-2 variant was determined using variant PCR or whole genome sequencing. A questionnaire primarily assessed clinical symptoms. A total of 77 Alpha variant cases were found with an epidemiological link to School X, 16 Alpha variant cases linked to the neighbouring schools, and 146 Alpha variant cases among residents of Lansingerland without a link to the schools. The mean number of self-reported symptoms was not significantly different among Alpha variant infected individuals compared to non-Alpha infected individuals. The secondary attack rate (SAR) among Alpha variant exposed individuals in households was 52% higher compared to non-Alpha variant exposed individuals (p = 0.010), with the mean household age, and mean number of children and adults per household as confounders. Sequence analysis of 60 Alpha variant sequences obtained from cases confirmed virus transmission between School X and neighbouring schools, and showed that multiple introductions of the Alpha variant had already taken place in Lansingerland at the time of the study. The alpha variant caused a large outbreak at both locations of School X, and subsequently spread to neighbouring schools, and households. Population-based screening (together with other public health measures) nearly stopped transmission of the outbreak strain, but did not prevent variant replacement in the Lansingerland municipality.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Schools
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0276696
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Association of environmental surface contamination with hand hygiene and infections in nursing homes: a prospective cohort study.

    Teesing, G R / de Graaf, M / Petrignani, M / Erasmus, V / Klaassen, C H W / Schapendonk, C M E / Verduijn-Leenman, A / Schols, J M G A / Vos, M C / Koopmans, M P G / Richardus, J H / Voeten, H

    Infection prevention in practice

    2021  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 100129

    Abstract: Background: Little is known about the presence of infections in nursing home residents, the causative micro-organisms, how hand hygiene (HH) influences the presence of infections in residents, and the extent to which environmental contamination is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Little is known about the presence of infections in nursing home residents, the causative micro-organisms, how hand hygiene (HH) influences the presence of infections in residents, and the extent to which environmental contamination is associated with the incidence of infection among residents.
    Aims: To establish if environmental contamination can be used as an indicator for HH compliance, and if environmental contamination is associated with the incidence of infection.
    Methods: Environmental surface samples (ESS) were collected in an exploratory study as part of a HH intervention in 60 nursing homes. ESS results from three distinct surfaces (nurses' station, communal toilet and residents' shared living area) were compared with nurses' HH compliance and the incidence of infection among residents. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect norovirus genogroup I and II, rhinovirus and
    Findings: Rhinovirus (nurses' station: 41%; toilet: 14%; living area: 29%), norovirus (nurses' station: 18%; toilet: 12%; living area: 16%) and
    Conclusion: Rhinovirus, norovirus and
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-0889
    ISSN (online) 2590-0889
    DOI 10.1016/j.infpip.2021.100129
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Hand hygiene and glove use in nursing homes before and after an intervention.

    Teesing, Gwen R / Richardus, Jan Hendrik / Erasmus, Vicki / Petrignani, Mariska / Koopmans, Marion P G / Vos, Margreet C / Schols, Jos M G A / Voeten, Helene A C M

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 1511–1513

    Abstract: We investigated whether an intervention to improve hand hygiene compliance in nursing homes changed glove use. Hand hygiene compliance increased, but substitution of hand hygiene with gloves did not decrease. We observed a reduction of inappropriately ... ...

    Abstract We investigated whether an intervention to improve hand hygiene compliance in nursing homes changed glove use. Hand hygiene compliance increased, but substitution of hand hygiene with gloves did not decrease. We observed a reduction of inappropriately unchanged gloves after exposure to body fluids.Clinical trials identifier: Netherlands Trial Register, trial NL6049 (NTR6188): https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6049.
    MeSH term(s) Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Gloves, Protective ; Guideline Adherence ; Hand Disinfection ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Netherlands ; Nursing Homes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2020.1415
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Is there an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms

    Teesing, G R / van Straten, B / de Man, P / Horeman-Franse, T

    J Hosp Infect

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. AIM: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. AIM: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials. METHODS: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April-May 2020. Masks were tested to determine whether they filtered a minimum of 35% of 0.3-µm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed. FINDINGS: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3-µm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing. CONCLUSIONS: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS-CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM1 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #739030
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Is there an adequate alternative to commercially manufactured face masks? A comparison of various materials and forms

    Teesing, G. R. (author) / van Straten, B.J. (author) / de Man, P. (author) / Horeman, T. (author)

    2020  

    Abstract: Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a worldwide shortage of medical-grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Aim: To conclude whether there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials. Methods: We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April–May 2020. Masks were tested to determine whether they filtered a minimum of 35% of 0.3-μm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed. Findings: Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3-μm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing. Conclusions: It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS-CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM₁ 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment.

    Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology
    Keywords Cloth ; ePM1 ; Filter ; MERV ; Surgical mask ; covid19
    Subject code 930
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: The effect of a hand hygiene intervention on infections in residents of nursing homes: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

    Teesing, G R / Richardus, J H / Nieboer, D / Petrignani, M / Erasmus, V / Verduijn-Leenman, A / Schols, J M G A / Koopmans, M P G / Vos, M C / Voeten, H A C M

    Antimicrobial resistance and infection control

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 80

    Abstract: Background: The primary goal of hand hygiene is to reduce infectious disease rates. We examined if a nursing home's participation in a hand hygiene intervention resulted in residents having fewer healthcare associated infections (HAIs) when compared to ... ...

    Abstract Background: The primary goal of hand hygiene is to reduce infectious disease rates. We examined if a nursing home's participation in a hand hygiene intervention resulted in residents having fewer healthcare associated infections (HAIs) when compared to nursing homes without the hand hygiene intervention.
    Methods: This study is a part of a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 33 nursing homes to improve hand hygiene (HANDSOME). The incidence of five illnesses was followed over 13 months: gastroenteritis, influenza-like illness, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and infections from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Incidence rates per study arm were reported for baseline (October-December 2016) and two follow-up periods (January-April 2017, May-October 2017). HAI rates were compared in a Poisson multilevel analysis, correcting for baseline differences (the baseline infection incidence and the size of the nursing home), clustering of observations within nursing homes, and period in the study.
    Results: There was statistically significantly more gastroenteritis (p < 0.001) and statistically significantly less influenza-like illness (p < 0.01) in the intervention arm when compared to the control arm. There were no statistically significant differences or pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and MRSA infections in the intervention arm when compared to the control arm. In a sensitivity analysis, gastroenteritis was no longer statistically significantly higher in the intervention arm (p = 0.92).
    Conclusions: As in comparable studies, we could not conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of an HH intervention in reducing HAIs among residents of nursing homes, despite the use of clearly defined outcome measures, a standardized reporting instrument, and directly observed HH in a multicenter cluster RCT. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register, trial NL6049 (NTR6188). Registered October 25, 2016, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6049 .
    MeSH term(s) Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control/methods ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Nursing Homes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2666706-X
    ISSN 2047-2994 ; 2047-2994
    ISSN (online) 2047-2994
    ISSN 2047-2994
    DOI 10.1186/s13756-021-00946-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance in Nursing Homes: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (HANDSOME Study).

    Teesing, Gwen R / Erasmus, Vicki / Petrignani, Mariska / Koopmans, Marion P G / de Graaf, Miranda / Vos, Margreet C / Klaassen, Corné H W / Verduijn-Leenman, Annette / Schols, Jos M G A / Richardus, Jan Hendrik / Voeten, Helene A C M

    JMIR research protocols

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) e17419

    Abstract: Background: Hand hygiene compliance is considered the most (cost-)effective measure for preventing health care-associated infections. While hand hygiene interventions have frequently been implemented and assessed in hospitals, there is limited knowledge ...

    Abstract Background: Hand hygiene compliance is considered the most (cost-)effective measure for preventing health care-associated infections. While hand hygiene interventions have frequently been implemented and assessed in hospitals, there is limited knowledge about hand hygiene compliance in other health care settings and which interventions and implementation methods are effective.
    Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of a multimodal intervention to increase hand hygiene compliance of nurses in nursing homes through a cluster randomized controlled trial (HANDSOME study).
    Methods: Nursing homes were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 trial arms: receiving the intervention at a predetermined date, receiving the identical intervention after an infectious disease outbreak, or serving as a control arm. Hand hygiene was evaluated in nursing homes by direct observation at 4 timepoints. We documented compliance with the World Health Organization's 5 moments of hand hygiene, specifically before touching a patient, before a clean/aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings. The primary outcome is hand hygiene compliance of the nurses to the standards of the World Health Organization. The secondary outcome is infectious disease incidence among residents. Infectious disease incidence was documented by a staff member at each nursing home unit. Outcomes will be compared with the presence of norovirus, rhinovirus, and Escherichia coli on surfaces in the nursing homes, as measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
    Results: The study was funded in September 2015. Data collection started in October 2016 and was completed in October 2017. Data analysis will be completed in 2020.
    Conclusions: HANDSOME studies the effectiveness of a hand hygiene intervention specifically for the nursing home environment. Nurses were taught the World Health Organization's 5 moments of hand hygiene guidelines using the slogan "Room In, Room Out, Before Clean, After Dirty," which was developed for nursing staff to better understand and remember the hygiene guidelines. HANDSOME should contribute to improved hand hygiene practice and a reduction in infectious disease rates and related mortality.
    Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register (NTR6188) NL6049; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6049.
    International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/17419.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719222-2
    ISSN 1929-0748
    ISSN 1929-0748
    DOI 10.2196/17419
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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