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  1. Article ; Online: Quirky conversations: how people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia do dialogue differently.

    Howes, Christine / Lavelle, Mary

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2023  Volume 378, Issue 1875, Page(s) 20210480

    Abstract: ... not, particularly when the speaker switch occurs from one control (C) participant ... for C participants interacting with a PSz. As well as offering some insights into how the presence ...

    Abstract People with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (PSz) have difficulty engaging in social interaction, but little research has focused on dialogues involving PSz interacting with partners who are unaware of their diagnosis. Using quantitative and qualitative methods on a unique corpus of triadic dialogues of PSz first social encounters, we show that turn-taking is disrupted in dialogues involving a PSz. Specifically, there are on average longer gaps between turns in groups which contain a PSz compared to those which do not, particularly when the speaker switch occurs from one control (C) participant to the other. Furthermore, the expected link between gesture and repair is not present in dialogues with a PSz, particularly for C participants interacting with a PSz. As well as offering some insights into how the presence of a PSz affects an interaction, our results also demonstrate the flexibility of our mechanisms for interaction. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction'.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Gestures ; Social Group ; Social Interaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2021.0480
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  2. Article: Rise in quats observed during coronavirus crisis

    Howes, Laura

    C&EN Global Enterprise

    Abstract: ... have linked quats to reproductive and developmental problems, and some Guomao Zheng, Gabriel M ...

    Abstract An analysis of household dust shows an increase in levels of quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats, this year compared with 2018 and 2019 ( 2020, DOI: ) Quats, such as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), are disinfectants found in many consumer cleaning products that the US Environmental Protection Agency suggests could be effective against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 But studies in mice have linked quats to reproductive and developmental problems, and some Guomao Zheng, Gabriel M Filippelli, and Amina Salamova at Indiana University Bloomington used mass spectrometry to analyze dust collected in June 2020 from 40 households in Indiana and compared the data with those from previous years They found that amounts of all quats had increased, and ADBAC levels had almost doubled The researchers say may expose people to quats in the home, and more tests are needed to see if the increase in quat exposure holds true [ ]
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #792317
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article: Reduction in Arterial Stiffness Index (SI) in Response to Combination Antioxidant Therapy.

    Howes, Laurence Guy / Unni, Tanya / Hamza, Ameer / Howes, Jan B / Jayasinghe, Rohan

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 21

    Abstract: ... review of the antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and beta-carotenes (the most commonly studied ... antioxidants) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) found an effect size of only -0.20 (approximately -16 m/s or -2.5 ... in a diverse group of 78 volunteers. SI fell by -1.7 m/s relative to placebo (95% confidence intervals -0.6 ...

    Abstract Antioxidants reduce arterial stiffness, but the effects previously reported are weak. A systematic review of the antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and beta-carotenes (the most commonly studied antioxidants) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) found an effect size of only -0.20 (approximately -16 m/s or -2.5%). Studies in rats of the potent pro-oxidant substance acetaldehyde have shown that combinations of sulfur-containing antioxidants, including thiamine and l-cysteine, with ascorbic acid potently protect against oxidative-stress-mediated mortality. The effects of these combinations of oxidants on PWV have not been studied. The present study evaluated the effects of 2 weeks of therapy with a combination of sulfur-containing antioxidants (cysteine, thiamine, and pyridoxine) in combination with ascorbic acid on stiffness index (SI), a measure of arterial stiffness that is strongly correlated with PWV, using a Pulse Trace recorder in a diverse group of 78 volunteers. SI fell by -1.7 m/s relative to placebo (95% confidence intervals -0.6 to -2.7 m/s), a reduction of -19% (95% confidence intervals -9% to -31%). The Glass effect size was 1.4, indicating a very strong treatment effect which was substantially greater than the effect size found in previous studies of antioxidants. PWV reduction was correlated significantly with increasing age. Further studies of similar antioxidant combinations are required to determine whether they are of value in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12216804
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  4. Article: Adversarial Argument, Belief Change, and Vulnerability.

    Howes, Moira / Hundleby, Catherine

    Topoi : an international review of philosophy

    2021  Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 859–872

    Abstract: When people argue, they are vulnerable to unwanted and costly changes in their beliefs. This vulnerability motivates the position that belief involuntarism makes argument inherently adversarial (Casey, Informal Log 40:77-108, 2020), as well as the ... ...

    Abstract When people argue, they are vulnerable to unwanted and costly changes in their beliefs. This vulnerability motivates the position that belief involuntarism makes argument inherently adversarial (Casey, Informal Log 40:77-108, 2020), as well as the development of alternatives to adversarial argumentation such as "invitational rhetoric" (Foss and Griffin, Commun Monogr 62:2-18, 1995). The emphasis on involuntary belief change in such accounts, in our perspective, neglects three dimensions of arguing: the diversity of arguer intentions, audience agency, and the benefits of belief change. The complex impact of arguments on both audiences and arguers involves vulnerabilities related to various forces of argument, not just the intellectual force of premise-conclusion complexes. Shifting emphasis from adversariality to vulnerability, we propose a more holistic understanding of argument, in which vulnerability reveals various sources of strength and opportunity in addition to risk.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2012661-X
    ISSN 1572-8749 ; 0167-7411
    ISSN (online) 1572-8749
    ISSN 0167-7411
    DOI 10.1007/s11245-021-09769-8
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  5. Article ; Online: Automated brightfield layerwise evaluation in three-dimensional micropatterning via two-photon polymerization.

    Sun, Jieliyue / Howes, Andrew M / Jia, Sixian / Burrow, Joshua A / Felzenszwalb, Pedro F / Dawson, Michelle R / Shao, Chenhui / Toussaint, Kimani C

    Optics express

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 7, Page(s) 12508–12519

    Abstract: Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is an advanced 3D fabrication technique capable of creating features with submicron precision. A primary challenge in TPP lies in the facile and accurate characterization of fabrication quality, particularly for structures ...

    Abstract Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is an advanced 3D fabrication technique capable of creating features with submicron precision. A primary challenge in TPP lies in the facile and accurate characterization of fabrication quality, particularly for structures possessing complex internal features. In this study, we introduce an automated brightfield layerwise evaluation technique that enables a simple-to-implement approach for in situ monitoring and quality assessment of TPP-fabricated structures. Our approach relies on sequentially acquired brightfield images during the TPP writing process and using background subtraction and image processing to extract layered spatial features. We experimentally validate our method by printing a fibrous tissue scaffold and successfully achieve an overall system-adjusted fidelity of 87.5% in situ. Our method is readily adaptable in most TPP systems and can potentially facilitate high-quality TPP manufacturing of sophisticated microstructures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.521073
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  6. Article ; Online: Variation in the use of compulsory community treatment orders between district health boards in New Zealand.

    Lees, Mathew / Newton-Howes, Giles / Frampton, Chris / Beaglehole, Ben

    Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 349–352

    Abstract: Objective: To report rates of Compulsory Community Treatment Order (CTO) use by District Health Boards (DHBs) in New Zealand and analyse whether socio-demographic factors explain any variability.: Methods: The annualised rate of CTO use per 100,000 ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To report rates of Compulsory Community Treatment Order (CTO) use by District Health Boards (DHBs) in New Zealand and analyse whether socio-demographic factors explain any variability.
    Methods: The annualised rate of CTO use per 100,000 population was calculated for the years 2009-2018 using national databases. Rates were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, and deprivation and are reported according to DHBs to allow comparisons between regions.
    Results: The annualised rate of CTO use for New Zealand was 95.5 per 100,000 population. CTO use varied between DHBs from 53 to 184 per 100,000 population. Standardising for demographic variables and deprivation made little difference to this variation. CTO use was higher in males and young adults. Rates for Māori were more than three times that of Caucasian people. CTO use increased as deprivation became more severe.
    Conclusions: CTO use increases with Maori ethnicity, young adulthood, and deprivation. Adjusting for socio-demographic factors does not explain the wide variation in CTO use between DHBs in New Zealand. Other regional factors appear to be the major driver of variation in CTO use.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Maori People ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Involuntary Treatment/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2213198-X
    ISSN 1440-1665 ; 1039-8562
    ISSN (online) 1440-1665
    ISSN 1039-8562
    DOI 10.1177/10398562231157246
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  7. Article ; Online: Reduction in Arterial Stiffness Index (SI) in Response to Combination Antioxidant Therapy

    Laurence Guy Howes / Tanya Unni / Ameer Hamza / Jan B. Howes / Rohan Jayasinghe

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 21, p

    2023  Volume 6804

    Abstract: ... review of the antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and beta-carotenes (the most commonly studied ... antioxidants) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) found an effect size of only −0.20 (approximately −16 m/s or −2.5 ... in a diverse group of 78 volunteers. SI fell by −1.7 m/s relative to placebo (95% confidence intervals −0.6 ...

    Abstract Antioxidants reduce arterial stiffness, but the effects previously reported are weak. A systematic review of the antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and beta-carotenes (the most commonly studied antioxidants) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) found an effect size of only −0.20 (approximately −16 m/s or −2.5%). Studies in rats of the potent pro-oxidant substance acetaldehyde have shown that combinations of sulfur-containing antioxidants, including thiamine and l-cysteine, with ascorbic acid potently protect against oxidative-stress-mediated mortality. The effects of these combinations of oxidants on PWV have not been studied. The present study evaluated the effects of 2 weeks of therapy with a combination of sulfur-containing antioxidants (cysteine, thiamine, and pyridoxine) in combination with ascorbic acid on stiffness index (SI), a measure of arterial stiffness that is strongly correlated with PWV, using a Pulse Trace recorder in a diverse group of 78 volunteers. SI fell by −1.7 m/s relative to placebo (95% confidence intervals −0.6 to −2.7 m/s), a reduction of −19% (95% confidence intervals −9% to −31%). The Glass effect size was 1.4, indicating a very strong treatment effect which was substantially greater than the effect size found in previous studies of antioxidants. PWV reduction was correlated significantly with increasing age. Further studies of similar antioxidant combinations are required to determine whether they are of value in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    Keywords antioxidants ; arterial stiffness ; pulse wave velocity ; stiffness index ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Metallic: A Bivalent Ambimodal Material Property?

    Spence, Charles / Carvalho, Fabiana M / Howes, David

    i-Perception

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) 20416695211037710

    Abstract: Many metallic visual stimuli, especially the so-called precious metals, have long had a rich symbolic meaning for humans. Intriguingly, however, ... ...

    Abstract Many metallic visual stimuli, especially the so-called precious metals, have long had a rich symbolic meaning for humans. Intriguingly, however, while
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2619696-7
    ISSN 2041-6695 ; 2041-6695
    ISSN (online) 2041-6695
    ISSN 2041-6695
    DOI 10.1177/20416695211037710
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  9. Article ; Online: Translation From Genes to Mechanism in Schizophrenia: Are Immune-Synaptic Interactions the Missing Link?

    Howes, Oliver / Cummings, Connor / Heurich, Meike

    Biological psychiatry

    2021  Volume 90, Issue 9, Page(s) 593–595

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Synapses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209434-4
    ISSN 1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
    ISSN (online) 1873-2402
    ISSN 0006-3223
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.014
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  10. Article ; Online: Strain-Promoted Cycloadditions in Lipid Bilayers Triggered by Liposome Fusion.

    Jumeaux, Coline / Spicer, Christopher D / Charchar, Patrick / Howes, Philip D / Holme, Margaret N / Ma, Li / Rose, Nicholas C / Nabarro, Joe / Fascione, Martin A / Rashid, M Harunur / Yarovsky, Irene / Stevens, Molly M

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2024  Volume 63, Issue 14, Page(s) e202314786

    Abstract: Due to the variety of roles served by the cell membrane, its composition and structure are complex, making it difficult to study. Bioorthogonal reactions, such as the strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), are powerful tools for exploring ... ...

    Abstract Due to the variety of roles served by the cell membrane, its composition and structure are complex, making it difficult to study. Bioorthogonal reactions, such as the strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), are powerful tools for exploring the function of biomolecules in their native environment but have been largely unexplored within the context of lipid bilayers. Here, we developed a new approach to study the SPAAC reaction in liposomal membranes using azide- and strained alkyne-functionalized Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) dye pairs. This study represents the first characterization of the SPAAC reaction between diffusing molecules inside liposomal membranes. Potential applications of this work include in situ bioorthogonal labeling of membrane proteins, improved understanding of membrane dynamics and fluidity, and the generation of new probes for biosensing assays.
    MeSH term(s) Liposomes/chemistry ; Lipid Bilayers ; Cycloaddition Reaction ; Azides/chemistry ; Alkynes/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Liposomes ; Lipid Bilayers ; Azides ; Alkynes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.202314786
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