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Article ; Online: Quantified impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in 13 African countries, 2020-2022.

Gharpure, Radhika / Olsen, Sonja J / Davis, William W

2024 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) e13241

Abstract: Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for SARS-CoV-2 disrupted circulation of influenza. We used data from 13 African countries and generalized linear models to identify associations between levels of NPIs, using the Oxford Stringency Index, and ... ...

Abstract	Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for SARS-CoV-2 disrupted circulation of influenza. We used data from 13 African countries and generalized linear models to identify associations between levels of NPIs, using the Oxford Stringency Index, and seasonal influenza activity, using parameters derived from 2020-2022 seasonal influenza surveillance. We found that for each step increase in school closings, the average percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza across the influenza season dropped by 20% (95% CI: 1-38%); no other NPI was significant. These findings may inform interventions to slow influenza circulation in pandemics and possibly during seasonal epidemics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Africa/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.13241
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Article ; Online: First-Dose COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff.

Gharpure, Radhika / Patel, Anita / Link-Gelles, Ruth

JAMA

2021 Volume 325, Issue 16, Page(s) 1670–1671

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/standards ; Pharmacies ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration ; Skilled Nursing Facilities/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination Coverage/organization & administration ; Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2021.2352
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Article ; Online: Seasonal influenza vaccination in the Americas: Progress and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nogareda, Francisco / Gharpure, Radhika / Contreras, Marcela / Velandia, Martha / Lucia Pacis, Carmelita / Elena Chevez, Ana / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Salas, Daniel

Vaccine

2023 Volume 41, Issue 31, Page(s) 4554–4560

Abstract: Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent influenza illness and its complications; influenza vaccination remained important during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent additional burden on health systems strained by COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent influenza illness and its complications; influenza vaccination remained important during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent additional burden on health systems strained by COVID-19 demand. Objectives: We describe policies, coverage, and progress of seasonal influenza vaccination programs in the Americas during 2019-2021 and discuss challenges in monitoring and maintaining influenza vaccination coverage among target groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data on influenza vaccination policies and vaccination coverage reported by countries/territories via the electronic Joint Reporting Form on Immunization (eJRF) for 2019-2021. We also summarized country vaccination strategies shared with PAHO. Results: As of 2021, 39 (89 %) out of 44 reporting countries/territories in the Americas had policies for seasonal influenza vaccination. Countries/territories adapted health services and immunization delivery strategies using innovative approaches, such as new vaccination sites and expanded schedules, to ensure continuation of influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, among countries/territories that reported data to eJRF in both 2019 and 2021, median coverage decreased; the percentage point decrease was 21 % (IQR = 0-38 %; n = 13) for healthcare workers, 10 % (IQR = -1.5-38 %; n = 12) for older adults, 21 % (IQR = 5-31 %; n = 13) for pregnant women, 13 % (IQR = 4.8-20.8 %; n = 8) for persons with chronic diseases, and 9 % (IQR = 3-27 %; n = 15) for children. Conclusions: Countries/territories in the Americas successfully adapted influenza vaccination delivery to continue vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, reported influenza vaccination coverage decreased from 2019 to 2021. Reversing declines in vaccination will necessitate strategic approaches that prioritize sustainable vaccination programs across the life course. Efforts should be made to improve the completeness and quality of administrative coverage data. Lessons learned from COVID-19 vaccination, such as the rapid development of electronic vaccination registries and digital certificates, might facilitate advances in coverage estimation.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Seasons ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Americas/epidemiology ; Influenza Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.024
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Costs and cost-effectiveness of influenza illness and vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review from 2012 to 2022.

Gharpure, Radhika / Chard, Anna N / Cabrera Escobar, Maria / Zhou, Weigong / Valleau, Molly M / Yau, Tat S / Bresee, Joseph S / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Pallas, Sarah W / Lafond, Kathryn E

PLoS medicine

2024 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) e1004333

Abstract: Background: Historically, lack of data on cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination has been identified as a barrier to vaccine use in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations describing (1) costs of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Historically, lack of data on cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination has been identified as a barrier to vaccine use in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations describing (1) costs of influenza illness; (2) costs of influenza vaccination programs; and (3) vaccination cost-effectiveness from low- and middle-income countries to assess if gaps persist that could hinder global implementation of influenza vaccination programs. Methods and findings: We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus in January 2022 and October 2023 using a combination of the following key words: "influenza" AND "cost" OR "economic." The search included studies with publication years 2012 through 2022. Studies were eligible if they (1) presented original, peer-reviewed findings on cost of illness, cost of vaccination program, or cost-effectiveness of vaccination for seasonal influenza; and (2) included data for at least 1 low- or middle-income country. We abstracted general study characteristics and data specific to each of the 3 study types. Of 54 included studies, 26 presented data on cost-effectiveness, 24 on cost-of-illness, and 5 on program costs. Represented countries were classified as upper-middle income (UMIC; n = 12), lower-middle income (LMIC; n = 7), and low-income (LIC; n = 3). The most evaluated target groups were children (n = 26 studies), older adults (n = 17), and persons with chronic medical conditions (n = 12); fewer studies evaluated pregnant persons (n = 9), healthcare workers (n = 5), and persons in congregate living settings (n = 1). Costs-of-illness were generally higher in UMICs than in LMICs/LICs; however, the highest national economic burden, as a percent of gross domestic product and national health expenditure, was reported from an LIC. Among studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccine introduction, most (88%) interpreted at least 1 scenario per target group as either cost-effective or cost-saving, based on thresholds designated in the study. Key limitations of this work included (1) heterogeneity across included studies; (2) restrictiveness of the inclusion criteria used; and (3) potential for missed influenza burden from use of sentinel surveillance systems. Conclusions: The 54 studies identified in this review suggest an increased momentum to generate economic evidence about influenza illness and vaccination from low- and middle-income countries during 2012 to 2022. However, given that we observed substantial heterogeneity, continued evaluation of the economic burden of influenza illness and costs/cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination, particularly in LICs and among underrepresented target groups (e.g., healthcare workers and pregnant persons), is needed. Use of standardized methodology could facilitate pooling across settings and knowledge sharing to strengthen global influenza vaccination programs.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Developing Countries ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2185925-5
ISSN	1549-1676 ; 1549-1277
ISSN (online)	1549-1676
ISSN	1549-1277
DOI	10.1371/journal.pmed.1004333
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Article ; Online: Advancing public health informatics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from a public-private partnership with pharmacies.

Jones-Jack, Nkenge / El Kalach, Roua / Yassanye, Diana / Link-Gelles, Ruth / Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem / deMartino, Amee Khamar / Elam, Mattie / Romerhausen, Doug / Vazquez, Marley / Duggar, Chris / Kim, Christine / Patel, Anita / Guo, Angela / Gharpure, Radhika / Tippins, Ashley / Moore, Lori

Vaccine

2024

Abstract: To support efforts to vaccinate millions of Americans across the United States (US) against COVID-19, the US federal government (USG) launched the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program (PPP) in December 2020 and the Federal Retail Pharmacy ... ...

Abstract	To support efforts to vaccinate millions of Americans across the United States (US) against COVID-19, the US federal government (USG) launched the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program (PPP) in December 2020 and the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) in February 2021. These programs consisted of a collaborative partnership with the USG and 21 pharmacy organizations, including large retail chains, coordinating pharmacy services administrative organizations (PSAOs) representing independent retail and long-term care pharmacies, and pharmacy network administrators. These pharmacy organizations represented over 46,000 providers and created a robust channel for far-reaching COVID-19 vaccination across 56 state and local jurisdictions. PPP reported more than 8 million COVID-19 doses administered to residents and staff in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) as of June 2021. In addition, FRPP was responsible for administering more than 304 million doses, accounting for approximately 49% of all COVID-19 doses administered as of June 2023. This unprecedented public-private partnership allowed USG to rapidly adapt, expand, and aim to provide equitable access to vaccines for adults and eligible-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the largest federal COVID-19 vaccination program, the FRPP exemplifies how public-private partnerships can expand access to immunizations during a public health emergency. End-to-end informatics support helped pharmacies meet critical national public health goals and served as convenient access points for sustained health services. This manuscript describes lessons learned regarding informatics coordination with participating pharmacy partners to support the rapid and safe administration of COVID-19 vaccines across the US. The processes of onboarding to CDC's complex data network, establishing connections to state and local immunization information systems (IIS), and monitoring the quality of data pharmacy partners submitted to the CDC Data Clearinghouse (DCH) in alignment with the COVID-19 Vaccine Reporting Specifications (CVRS) are highlighted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.092
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Estimating averted illnesses from influenza vaccination for children and pregnant women - El Salvador, Panama, and Peru, 2011-2018.

Chard, Anna N / Machingaidze, Chiedza / Loayza, Sergio / Gharpure, Radhika / Nogareda, Francisco / González, Rosalba / Domínguez, Rhina / Tinoco, Yeny O / Dawood, Fatimah S / Carreon, Joseph Daniel / Lafond, Kathryn E / Jara, Jorge / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Cozza, Vanessa / Couto, Paula / Rolfes, Melissa A / Tempia, Stefano

Vaccine

2024

Abstract: Background: Estimating the burden of disease averted by vaccination can assist policymakers to implement, adjust, and communicate the value of vaccination programs. Demonstrating the use of a newly available modeling tool, we estimated the burden of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Estimating the burden of disease averted by vaccination can assist policymakers to implement, adjust, and communicate the value of vaccination programs. Demonstrating the use of a newly available modeling tool, we estimated the burden of influenza illnesses averted by seasonal influenza vaccination in El Salvador, Panama, and Peru during 2011-2017 among two influenza vaccine target populations: children aged 6-23 months and pregnant women. Methods: We derived model inputs, including incidence, vaccine coverage, vaccine effectiveness, and multipliers from publicly available country-level influenza surveillance data and cohort studies. We also estimated changes in illnesses averted when countries' vaccine coverage was achieved using four different vaccine deployment strategies. Results: Among children aged 6-23 months, influenza vaccination averted an estimated cumulative 2,161 hospitalizations, 81,907 medically-attended illnesses, and 126,987 overall illnesses during the study period, with a prevented fraction ranging from 0.3 % to 12.5 %. Among pregnant women, influenza vaccination averted an estimated cumulative 173 hospitalizations, 6,122 medically attended illnesses, and 16,412 overall illnesses, with a prevented fraction ranging from 0.2 % to 10.9 %. Compared to an influenza vaccine campaign with equal vaccine distribution during March-June, scenarios in which total cumulative coverage was achieved in March and April consistently resulted in the greatest increase in averted illness (23 %-3,129 % increase among young children and 22 %-3,260 % increase among pregnant women). Discussion: Influenza vaccination campaigns in El Salvador, Panama, and Peru conducted between 2011 and 2018 prevented hundreds to thousands of influenza-associated hospitalizations and illnesses in young children and pregnant women. Existing vaccination programs could prevent additional illnesses, using the same number of vaccines, by achieving the highest possible coverage within the first two months of an influenza vaccine campaign.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.007
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalisation in Latin America during three pandemic waves, 2021-2022: a test-negative case-control design.

Nogareda, Francisco / Regan, Annette K / Couto, Paula / Fowlkes, Ashley L / Gharpure, Radhika / Loayza, Sergio / Leite, Juliana Almeida / Rodríguez, Angel / Vicari, Andrea / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Salas, Daniel

Lancet regional health. Americas

2023 Volume 27, Page(s) 100626

Abstract: Background: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) is essential to monitor the performance of vaccines and generate strategic information to guide decision making. We pooled data from six Latin American countries to estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) is essential to monitor the performance of vaccines and generate strategic information to guide decision making. We pooled data from six Latin American countries to estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation during three different pandemic waves from February 2021 to September 2022. Methods: We used a test-negative case-control design in hospitalised adults in Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Uruguay. We estimated adjusted VE by age group (18-64 and ≥65 years), vaccine type and product for primary series vaccination and booster vaccination and by time since last dose during the Omicron variant dominant period. We used mixed effects logistic regression models adjusting for sex, age, week of onset of symptom onset and pre-existing conditions with country fit as a random effect term. Findings: We included 15,241 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients in the analysis. Among adults 18-64 years, VE estimates for primary series vaccination during pre-Delta and Delta periods ranged by product from 66.5% to 95.1% and from 33.5% to 88.2% for older adults. During the Omicron period, VE estimates for primary series were lower and decreased by time since last vaccination, but VE increased to between 26.4% and 57.4% when a booster was administered. Interpretation: mRNA and viral vector vaccines presented higher VE for both primary series and booster. While VE decreased over time, protection against severe COVID-19-associated hospitalisation increased when booster doses were administered. Vaccination with additional doses should be recommended, particularly for persons at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19. Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through cooperative agreements with the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-193X
ISSN (online)	2667-193X
DOI	10.1016/j.lana.2023.100626
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Article ; Online: Introducing seasonal influenza vaccine in Bhutan: Country experience and achievements.

Wangchuk, Sonam / Prabhakaran, Aslesh O / Dhakal, Guru Prasad / Zangmo, Cheten / Gharpure, Radhika / Dawa, Tashi / Phuntsho, Sangay / Burkhardsmeier, Britni / Saha, Siddhartha / Wangmo, Dechen / Lafond, Kathryn E

Vaccine

2023 Volume 41, Issue 48, Page(s) 7259–7264

Abstract: Bhutan successfully introduced multiple vaccines since the establishment of the Vaccine Preventable Disease Program in 1979. Surveillance and subsequent introduction of influenza vaccination became a public health priority for the Ministry of Health ... ...

Abstract	Bhutan successfully introduced multiple vaccines since the establishment of the Vaccine Preventable Disease Program in 1979. Surveillance and subsequent introduction of influenza vaccination became a public health priority for the Ministry of Health following the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. Sentinel surveillance for influenza in Bhutan began in 2008, and a study of severe acute respiratory infection was conducted in 2017, which found the highest influenza burden in children aged <5 years and adults ≥50 years. Following review of surveillance and burden of disease data, the National Technical Advisory Group presented recommendations to Bhutan's Ministry of Health which approved influenza vaccine introduction for all five high-risk groups in the country. Upon the official launch of the program in June 2018, the Vaccine Preventable Disease Program began planning, budgeting, and procurement processes with technical and financial support from the Partnership for Influenza Vaccine Introduction, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Bhutan Health Trust Fund, and the World Health Organization. Influenza vaccination for high-risk groups was integrated into Bhutan's routine immunization services in all health care facilities beginning in November 2019 and vaccinated all populations in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Coverage levels between 2019 and 2022 were highest in children aged 6-24 months (62.5%-96.9%) and lowest in pregnant women (47.7%-62.5%). Bhutan maintained high coverage levels despite the COVID-19 pandemic by continued provision of influenza vaccine services at health centers during lockdowns, conducting communication and sensitization efforts, and using catch-up campaigns. Bhutan's experience with introducing and scaling up the influenza vaccine program contributed to the country's capacity to rapidly deploy its COVID-19 vaccination program in 2021.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Bhutan/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; COVID-19/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.053
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri: A Global Review.

Gharpure, Radhika / Bliton, John / Goodman, Alexandra / Ali, Ibne Karim M / Yoder, Jonathan / Cope, Jennifer R

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2020 Volume 73, Issue 1, Page(s) e19–e27

Abstract: Background: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal condition caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri. To estimate the global occurrence, characterize the epidemiology, and describe the clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal condition caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri. To estimate the global occurrence, characterize the epidemiology, and describe the clinical features of PAM, we report a series of PAM cases published in the international literature and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods: We performed a literature search of PAM case reports published through 2018. Additionally, we included cases reported through the CDC's Free-Living Ameba surveillance or diagnosed via CDC's Free-Living and Intestinal Amebas Laboratory. Cases were classified as confirmed, probable, or suspect on the basis of confirmatory testing, presentation, exposure, and disease course. Results: A total of 381 PAM cases were identified. Seven reported survivors were classified as confirmed. The most commonly reported exposure associated with PAM was swimming/diving, and the most common class of water source was lakes/ponds/reservoirs. Patients were predominantly male (75%), with a median age of 14 years. Confirmed and probable cases were similar in their survival, course of illness, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. Conclusions: PAM is a rare but deadly disease with worldwide occurrence. Improved clinician awareness, resulting in earlier diagnosis and treatment, may contribute to increased survival among PAM patients. The case definition of probable used in this study appears to capture cases of PAM, as evidenced by similarities in outcomes, clinical course, and CSF profile to confirmed cases. In the absence of confirmatory testing, clinicians could use this case definition to identify cases of PAM.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Amebiasis/diagnosis ; Amebiasis/epidemiology ; Amoeba ; Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/diagnosis ; Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Meningoencephalitis ; Naegleria fowleri
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciaa520
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Zs.A 1505: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 480: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Disparities in Incidence and Severity of Shigella Infections Among Children-Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2009-2018.

Gharpure, Radhika / Marsh, Zachary A / Tack, Danielle M / Collier, Sarah A / Strysko, Jonathan / Ray, Logan / Payne, Daniel C / Garcia-Williams, Amanda G

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

2021 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) 782–788

Abstract: Background: Shigella infections are an important cause of diarrhea in young children and can result in severe complications. Disparities in Shigella infections are well documented among US adults. Our objective was to characterize disparities in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Shigella infections are an important cause of diarrhea in young children and can result in severe complications. Disparities in Shigella infections are well documented among US adults. Our objective was to characterize disparities in incidence and severity of Shigella infections among US children. Methods: We analyzed laboratory-diagnosed Shigella infections reported to FoodNet, an active, population-based surveillance system in 10 US sites, among children during 2009-2018. We calculated the incidence rate stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, Shigella species, and disease severity. Criteria for severe classification were hospitalization, bacteremia, or death. The odds of severe infection were calculated using logistic regression. Results: During 2009-2018, 10 537 Shigella infections were reported in children and 1472 (14.0%) were severe. The incidence rate was 9.5 infections per 100 000 child-years and the incidence rate of severe infections was 1.3 per 100 000 child-years. Incidence was highest among children aged 1-4 years (19.5) and lowest among children aged 13-17 years (2.3); however, children aged 13-17 years had the greatest proportion of severe infections (21.2%). Incidence was highest among Black (16.2 total; 2.3 severe), Hispanic (13.1 total; 2.3 severe), and American Indian/Alaska Native (15.2 total; 2.5 severe) children. Infections caused by non-sonnei species had higher odds of severity than infections caused by Shigella sonnei (adjusted odds ratio 2.58; 95% confidence interval 2.12-3.14). Conclusions: The incidence and severity of Shigella infections among US children vary by age, race/ethnicity, and Shigella species, warranting investigation of unique risk factors among pediatric subpopulations.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dysentery, Bacillary/epidemiology ; Foodborne Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Shigella ; Watchful Waiting
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2668791-4
ISSN	2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
ISSN (online)	2048-7207
ISSN	2048-7193
DOI	10.1093/jpids/piab045
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