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Book ; Thesis: Hemoglobin acetaldehyde adducts

Sillanaukee, Pekka

determination and use as a biological marker of alcohol abuse

(Acta Universitatis Tamperensis : Ser. A ; 347)

1992

Author's details	Pekka Sillanaukee
Series title	Acta Universitatis Tamperensis : Ser. A ; 347 Acta Universitatis Tamperensis Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ; Ser. A
Collection	Acta Universitatis Tamperensis Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ; Ser. A
Keywords	Hämoglobin ; Acetaldehyd ; Addukt
Subject	Ethanal ; Äthanal ; Roter Blutfarbstoff
Size	Getr. Zählung : graph. Darst.
Publisher	Univ. of Tampere
Publishing place	Tampere
Publishing country	Finland
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Tampere, Univ., Diss., 1992
HBZ-ID	HT004331047
ISBN	951-44-3189-8 ; 978-951-44-3189-0
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article: Laboratory markers of alcohol abuse.

Sillanaukee, P

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

1996 Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 613–616

Abstract: A number of routine laboratory markers provide objective information about alcohol use and abuse. The usefulness of these markers is discussed. One such marker recently developed is serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which has a greater ... ...

Abstract	A number of routine laboratory markers provide objective information about alcohol use and abuse. The usefulness of these markers is discussed. One such marker recently developed is serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which has a greater overall marker potential than other existing tests. The use of CDT in combination with some of the other markers is likely to enhance the detection of alcohol abuse or heavy consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Alcoholism/blood ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Biomarkers/blood ; Ethanol/pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transferrin/analogs & derivatives ; Transferrin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Transferrin ; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604956-4
ISSN	1464-3502 ; 0735-0414 ; 0309-1635
ISSN (online)	1464-3502
ISSN	0735-0414 ; 0309-1635
DOI	10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008199
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Article: The diagnostic value of a discriminant score in the detection of alcohol abuse.

Sillanaukee, P

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

1992 Volume 116, Issue 9, Page(s) 924–929

Abstract: To detect alcoholism and alcohol consumption in its early phase, the diagnostic values of a discriminant score and a combination of laboratory tests were examined. Seventy-eight men with a well-documented history of chronic alcoholism, 76 male heavy ... ...

Abstract	To detect alcoholism and alcohol consumption in its early phase, the diagnostic values of a discriminant score and a combination of laboratory tests were examined. Seventy-eight men with a well-documented history of chronic alcoholism, 76 male heavy drinkers, and 165 male controls were classified according to self-reported alcohol consumption and the Malmö-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. The present study documented the efficiency of the acetaldehyde-induced hemoglobin fraction, ie, HbA1ach in heavy drinkers, aspartate aminotransferase in alcoholics, and, additionally, mean corpuscular volume and gamma-glutamyltransferase in both groups of alcohol abusers. The discriminant score, formed from gamma-glutamyltransferase, HbA1ach, and the mean corpuscular volume, gave a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 73% in detecting heavy drinkers as compared with the best single discriminant, ie, mean corpuscular volume, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 69%. The best discriminant score values for alcoholics were the result of the combination of aspartate aminotransferase, mean corpuscular volume, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase, giving a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96%. In conclusion, I recommend the use of a discriminant score for the detection of alcohol abuse in clinical settings and especially in its early phase. The results of this study also confirm the assumption that alcohol abuse in all phases, like alcoholism and heavy drinking, may not be detected optimally with the use of only one marker or even combinations of them.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alcoholism/blood ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Analysis of Variance ; Discriminant Analysis ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis
Chemical Substances	Glycated Hemoglobin A
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	194119-7
ISSN	1543-2165 ; 0003-9985 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528
ISSN (online)	1543-2165
ISSN	0003-9985 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528
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Article: Alcohol consumption profile by time in middle-aged men: A longitudinal study based on three different diagnostic instruments

Sillanaukee, P.

Alcohol and Alcoholism

1999 Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–70

Abstract: ... transferrin (CDT). Self-reported alcohol consumption decreased with years (142 vs 105g/week, P=0.01), as did ... CDT (16.9 vs 14.4U/L, P=0.02), but there was no change in the Mm-MAST results. There was no ...

Institution	FIN-33101 Tampere University of Tampere, Medical School
Abstract	This longitudinal study aimed at comparing aggregate measures of heavy or problem drinking and their variations across time among the same subjects. The authors examined middle-aged men participating in a health survey over a 5-year interval. Of the 133 consecutive men in the whole age group interviewed as 40-year-olds in 1989, 114 were reached and re-interviewed in 1994. Alcohol consumption was measured by self-report, Malmoe-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Mm-MAST), and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). Self-reported alcohol consumption decreased with years (142 vs 105g/week, P=0.01), as did CDT (16.9 vs 14.4U/L, P=0.02), but there was no change in the Mm-MAST results. There was no significant difference in the number of heavy-drinkers (either Mm-MAST score >/=3, or by self-reported alcohol consumption >/=280g/week, or by CDT >/=20U/L) at 40 and 45 years of age (37 and 47% respectively). At the individual level, alcohol consumption both increased and decreased with age. At 45 years of age 5/114 (4%) of the men reported than they had increased their alcohol consumption by more than 80g/week and 25/114 (22%) said that they had reduced their drinking by the same amount. The remaining 84 (74%) reported drinking the same amount as 5 years earlier (+/-80g/week). This indicates that alcohol drinking habits are not stable in middle aged. Most heavy drinkers in both age groups were detected by Mm-MAST and this proportion increased with age while the proportion of positive self-reports and CDTs decreased. Thus, the social consequences, measured here by the Mm-MAST, may be more readily experienced with years even at smaller consumption levels.
Keywords	Alkohol ; Konsumverhalten ; Mann ; Erwachsener 30-50 Jahre ; Verhaltensaenderung ; Befragung ; Laengsschnittstudie ; Suchtgefaehrdung
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Social Medicine (SOMED)

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Article: Improved diagnostic classification of alcohol abusers by combining carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase.

Sillanaukee, P / Olsson, U

Clinical chemistry

2001 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 681–685

Abstract: ... under nonparametric ROC plots, was significantly better (P<0.001) for the new combined marker [gamma-CDT ...

Abstract	Background: Biochemical markers can provide objective evidence of high alcohol consumption. However, currently available markers have limitations in their diagnostic performance. Methods: The diagnostic values of the most frequently used markers [carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and mean corpuscular volume] were studied in an analysis of six different clinical studies (n = 1412) on alcohol abusers and social drinkers. The purpose of the analyses was to determine whether a combination of markers would improve the diagnosis of subjects. Results: Discrimination between alcohol abusers and social drinkers, as measured by the areas under nonparametric ROC plots, was significantly better (P<0.001) for the new combined marker [gamma-CDT = 0.8. ln(GGT) + 1.3. ln(CDT)] than for any of the separate markers or combination of CDT or GGT with other markers. The cutoff values for gamma-CDT (6.5) can be taken to be the same among males and females. Conclusions: The combined variable gamma-CDT is a powerful tool to discriminate alcohol abusers from social drinkers and is recommended for clinical use.
MeSH term(s)	Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Biomarkers/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transferrin/analogs & derivatives ; Transferrin/analysis ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Transferrin ; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
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Article: Substance use-related outpatient consultations in specialized health care: an underestimated entity.

Sillanaukee, Päivi / Kääriäinen, Janne / Sillanaukee, Pekka / Poutanen, Pauli / Seppä, Kaija

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

2002 Volume 26, Issue 9, Page(s) 1359–1364

Abstract: Background: To study the occurrence and documentation of substance use related outpatient visits in specialized health care.: Methods: The diagnosis recorded in retrospective discharge data in Tampere University Hospital for 6 years was compared with ...

Abstract	Background: To study the occurrence and documentation of substance use related outpatient visits in specialized health care. Methods: The diagnosis recorded in retrospective discharge data in Tampere University Hospital for 6 years was compared with the prospective data gathered from separately completed forms added during an 8-week period to every outpatient's discharge data. In this form, the relation of substance use and the actual reason for the consultation were specifically elicited. Results: On the basis of diagnoses, retrospectively, 0.4% (6,666 of 1,555,898) of outpatient visits were caused by substance use. In the prospective part of the study, 5.6% of visits (1,401/25,014) were related to substance use. Retrospective study demonstrated 2% prevalence of substance use, whereas prospective study showed 36% substance use-related visits at the emergency room. According to the retrospective discharge data, alcohol-related organ damages were the major reason for substance use-related outpatient visits. In the prospective study, the proportion of acute traumas was most prevalent. Conclusions: Our study indicates that substance use-related visits often remain undetected in specialized health care. Substance use-related visits were underdocumented/undetected in the emergency room. Using a simple separate form could dramatically increase the detection of substance use-related visits.
MeSH term(s)	Ambulatory Care/methods ; Ambulatory Care/psychology ; Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data ; Analysis of Variance ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/methods ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/statistics & numerical data ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	428999-7
ISSN	1530-0277 ; 0145-6008
ISSN (online)	1530-0277
ISSN	0145-6008
DOI	10.1097/01.ALC.0000030562.11516.1B
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Article: Compliance rate and associated factors for entering an alcohol brief intervention treatment programme.

Aalto, M / Sillanaukee, P

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

2000 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 372–376

Abstract: The study aim was to ascertain the compliance rate and to compare associated factors among heavy drinkers willing and unwilling to enter an alcohol brief intervention treatment programme. Patients aged 20-60 years visiting five primary healthcare clinics ...

Abstract	The study aim was to ascertain the compliance rate and to compare associated factors among heavy drinkers willing and unwilling to enter an alcohol brief intervention treatment programme. Patients aged 20-60 years visiting five primary healthcare clinics for any reason were both asked to complete a health questionnaire and interviewed to identify early phase heavy drinkers and to collect sociodemographic and health data. About half of the heavy drinkers (487/1011) complied with a recommendation for brief intervention. Gender, age, drinking variables, smoking, and exercise were associated with compliance. Women and young adults are subgroups of heavy drinkers whose compliance was lower than others and special attention should be given to them when planning brief intervention strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcoholism/rehabilitation ; Choice Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604956-4
ISSN	1464-3502 ; 0735-0414 ; 0309-1635
ISSN (online)	1464-3502
ISSN	0735-0414 ; 0309-1635
DOI	10.1093/alcalc/35.4.372
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Article: Drinking habits and detection of heavy drinking among middle-aged women

Sillanaukee, P.

British J. Addiction

1992 Volume 87, Issue 12, Page(s) 1703–1709

Abstract: Little is known about alcohol consumption and the efficiency of alcohol questionnaires among women. In the present study 40-year-old (n=90) and 45-year-old (n=75) women participating in a health screening gave a self-report about their alcohol ... ...

Institution	Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere Department of Public Health, University of Tampere
Abstract	Little is known about alcohol consumption and the efficiency of alcohol questionnaires among women. In the present study 40-year-old (n=90) and 45-year-old (n=75) women participating in a health screening gave a self-report about their alcohol consumption and filled out the Malmoe modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Mm-MAST) and the CAGE questionnaires. Teetotallers comprised 11% of the 40-year-old group and 8% of the 45-year-old women. CAGE, but not Mm-MAST worked with the traditional cutt-off point of two recommended for men. When the criterion for heavy drinking was a self-reported consumption >/=140g of absolute alcohol per week or a positive (>/=2) finding in the CAGE or >/=4 "yes" answers in the Mm-MAST, 20% of the 40-year-old and 17% of the 45-year-old group (together 19%) proved positive. Neither of the two questionnaires nor self-report alone worked perfectly for identifying the heavy drinker group (n=31) screened. Using the three above criteria; of the heavy drinkers 52% were detected by self-report, 55% by CAGE, and 45% by Mm-MAST. CAGE in combination with self-report detected 90% and this combination, being short and simple, can be recommended for clinical practice.
Keywords	Alkohol ; Konsumverhalten ; Frau ; Erwachsener 30-50 Jahre ; Abstinenz ; Suchtgefaehrdung ; Fragebogen ; Identifizierung
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	390822-7
ISSN	0952-0481 ; 0007-0890
ISSN	0952-0481 ; 0007-0890
Database	Social Medicine (SOMED)

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Article: Binge drinking and ambulatory blood pressure.

Seppä, K / Sillanaukee, P

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

1999 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–82

Abstract: ... period, both mean systolic BP and mean diastolic BP were 5 mm Hg higher (P=0.0183 and P=0.0529 ... respectively) and the pulse was 18 beats per minute faster (P=0.0001) compared with the corresponding sober ... was 4 mm Hg lower (P=0. 0331), diastolic BP was 5 mm Hg lower (P=0.0058), and pulse was 15 bpm faster ...

Abstract	-The effect of alcohol drinking in raising blood pressure (BP) is rapidly reversible. However, there is only limited information on the effect of binge drinking on BP values. In this study, 20 healthy men who were all social drinkers drank alcohol (2.2 g/kg) in controlled circumstances on a Saturday evening. Ambulatory BP measurement (ABPM) values were compared with ABPM values of the same subjects during the previous sober Saturday, separately throughout 6 hours of intoxication, throughout 6 hours when blood alcohol levels decreased, and throughout 6 hangover hours. During the intoxication period, both mean systolic BP and mean diastolic BP were 5 mm Hg higher (P=0.0183 and P=0.0529, respectively) and the pulse was 18 beats per minute faster (P=0.0001) compared with the corresponding sober period during the previous weekend. While blood alcohol levels decreased after drinking, mean systolic BP was 4 mm Hg lower (P=0. 0331), diastolic BP was 5 mm Hg lower (P=0.0058), and pulse was 15 bpm faster (P=0.0001) than during the sober weekend. No statistically significant difference was found between the weekends in BP values during the hangover period. Drinking seems to increase both systolic and diastolic BP during intoxication but not during hangover. During the period when blood alcohol levels are decreasing, usually at night, both pressure levels fall to less than the basic level. These major and rapid changes in BP values might increase the likelihood of strokes, which are seen in increased numbers among young adults, especially during weekends and holidays.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholic Intoxication/blood ; Alcoholic Intoxication/physiopathology ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology ; Diastole ; Ethanol/blood ; Holidays ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulse ; Risk Factors ; Systole ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423736-5
ISSN	1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
ISSN (online)	1524-4563
ISSN	0194-911X ; 0362-4323
DOI	10.1161/01.hyp.33.1.79
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Article: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a useful marker for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse.

Allen, J / Sillanaukee, P

European journal of clinical investigation

1999 Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 899–901

MeSH term(s)	Alcoholism/blood ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/blood ; Liver Diseases/complications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transferrin/analogs & derivatives ; Transferrin/analysis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Transferrin
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	186196-7
ISSN	1365-2362 ; 0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
ISSN	0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
DOI	10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00556.x
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