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  1. Article ; Online: Association of osteogenesis imperfecta and glaucoma: case report.

    Alpogan, Oksan

    Ophthalmic genetics

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 475–479

    Abstract: Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder characterized by bone fragility. Type I OI is the most common type of OI, and is autosomal dominantly-inherited. Type I OI develops due to pathogenic variants in the collagen 1 Alpha 1 ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder characterized by bone fragility. Type I OI is the most common type of OI, and is autosomal dominantly-inherited. Type I OI develops due to pathogenic variants in the collagen 1 Alpha 1 (COL1A1) gene on chromosome 17. Collagen proteins are important components of the extracellular matrix of the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and lamina cribrosa, which play a role in the development of glaucoma.
    Purpose: To report a father and his daughter who were diagnosed with glaucoma and OI type I.
    Materials and methods: Case report.
    Results: A 58-year-old man and his 31-year-old daughter were diagnosed with OI type 1 [NM_000088.4 (COL1A1): c.3008del (p.Pro1003fs)]. In addition, both subjects had glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
    Conclusions: In this report, we presented a pathogenic variant in a father and his daughter with OI and coexisting glaucoma. The abnormalities in collagen may contribute to the risk of glaucoma development in patients with COL1A1-associated OI. Therefore, screening for glaucoma may be indicated when caring for patients with this diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/complications ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/genetics ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/pathology ; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain ; Collagen Type I/genetics ; Collagen/genetics ; Glaucoma/genetics ; Mutation
    Chemical Substances Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen (9007-34-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1199279-7
    ISSN 1744-5094 ; 0167-6784 ; 1381-6810
    ISSN (online) 1744-5094
    ISSN 0167-6784 ; 1381-6810
    DOI 10.1080/13816810.2022.2138454
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Effects of menopause on the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex and on intraocular pressure.

    Alpogan, Oksan / Tekcan, Hatice

    Menopause (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 460–464

    Abstract: Objective: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and intraocular pressure in reproductive age and postmenopausal women.: Methods: The study included 94 eyes of 47 reproductive age women (Group 1) ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and intraocular pressure in reproductive age and postmenopausal women.
    Methods: The study included 94 eyes of 47 reproductive age women (Group 1) and 94 eyes of 47 postmenopausal women (Group 2). In all women, RNFL and GCC thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure levels were measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to test the differences between groups. Age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted partial correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between parameters.
    Results: There was a statistically significant difference in age and BMI between the two groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). There was no difference in all RNFL and GCC values between the reproductive age and postmenopausal women. The duration of postmenopause versus average, superior hemisphere, and superior values of RNFL and superior and inferior values of GCC were positively correlated with statistical significance in age- and BMI-adjusted partial correlation coefficient tests (r = 0.254, P = 0.017; r = 0.303, P = 0.004; r = 0.317, P = 0.003; r = 0.301, P = 0.004; r = 0.313, P = 0.003; r = 0.271, P = 0.011, with 95% confidence, respectively).
    Conclusions: In this study, there was no significant difference in all RNFL and GCC values between the reproductive age and postmenopausal women after adjusting for age and BMI. However, we observed that a long postmenopausal period was associated with higher RNFL and GCC values.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Menopause ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1205262-0
    ISSN 1530-0374 ; 1072-3714
    ISSN (online) 1530-0374
    ISSN 1072-3714
    DOI 10.1097/GME.0000000000001936
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Investigation of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lacrimal sac and sustainability of lacrimal surgeries during the pandemic period

    Oksan Alpogan / Cemile Anil Aslan

    Dicle Medical Journal, Vol 49, Iss 3, Pp 408-

    2022  Volume 413

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate the reliability of dacryocystorhinostomy operations in terms of viral spread by examining the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona-virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the lacrimal sac. Methods: A total of 15 eyes ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate the reliability of dacryocystorhinostomy operations in terms of viral spread by examining the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona-virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the lacrimal sac. Methods: A total of 15 eyes in 14 patients of nasolacrimal duct obstruction that was scheduled for external dacryocystorhinostomy operation were prospectively included in the study. Patients who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had recovered from COVID-19, have a history of close contact with COVID-19 infected persons, and are with vaccination were not included in the study. A nasopharyngeal swab was taken from the surgery planned side of each patient 24 hours before their operation. All cases were real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) negative. Lacrimal swabs were taken from the lacrimal sac during surgery in these cases. The compatibility of the RT-PCR test results from the lacrimal sac and nasopharyngeal swab was evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.04 ± 14.91 years. The mean duration of nasolacrimal duct occlusion was 3.93 ± 3.40 years. RT-PCR was negative in the swabs taken from the lacrimal sac of all cases (100%). This result showed agreement with the RT-PCR test results of the nasopharyngeal swabs. Conclusions: Viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the lacrimal sac in this study. Lacrimal sac surgeries can be performed by taking the necessary precautions.
    Keywords covid-19 ; dacryocystorhinostomy ; lacrimal sac surgery ; pandemics ; sars-cov-2 ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Dicle University Medical School
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma as a Predictor of Refractive Surprise After Uneventful Cataract Surgery.

    Tekcan, Hatice / Alpogan, Oksan / Imamoglu, Serhat

    Journal of glaucoma

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 272–279

    Abstract: Prcis: The pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group produced higher mean absolute error (MAE) and higher percentages of large-magnitude prediction error, in all investigated intraocular lens formulas. Postoperative anterior chamber angle and change in ... ...

    Abstract Prcis: The pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group produced higher mean absolute error (MAE) and higher percentages of large-magnitude prediction error, in all investigated intraocular lens formulas. Postoperative anterior chamber angle and change in intraocular pressure (IOP) were associated with absolute error.
    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate refractive outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and to determine the predictive factors for refractive errors.
    Materials and methods: Fifty-four eyes with PXG, 33 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 58 normal eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, in Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this prospective study. The follow-up was 3 months. Preoperative and postoperative anterior segment parameters measured by Scheimpflug camera were compared after adjusting for age, sex, and axial length. The mean prediction error, MAE, and percentages of large-magnitude prediction error (>±1.0 D) in SRK/T, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF formulas were compared.
    Results: There was a significantly greater anterior chamber angle (ACA) enlargement in PXG eyes compared with POAG ( P =0.006) and normals ( P =0.04). The PXG group showed significantly higher MAE in SRK/T, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF (0.72, 0.79, and 0.79 D, respectively) than POAG (0.43, 0.25, and 0.31 D, respectively) and normals (0.34, 0.36, 0.31 D, respectively) ( P <0.0001). The large-magnitude error was significantly more frequent in the PXG group among the 3 groups with SRK/T (37%, 18%, and 12%, respectively) ( P =0.005), Barrett Universal II (32%, 9%, and 10%, respectively) ( P =0.005), and Hill-RBF (32%, 9%, and 9%, respectively) ( P =0.002). The MAE was correlated with postoperative ACA and IOP decrease in Barrett Universal II ( P =0.02 and 0.007, respectively) and Hill-RBF ( P =0.03 and 0.02, respectively).
    Conclusions: PXG may be a predictor for refractive surprise after cataract surgery. Prediction errors may be due to IOP-lowering effect of surgery and larger postoperative ACA than expected, in the presence of zonular weakness.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/complications ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Intraocular Pressure ; Refraction, Ocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Exfoliation Syndrome/complications ; Exfoliation Syndrome/diagnosis ; Exfoliation Syndrome/surgery ; Cataract/complications ; Cataract/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Biometry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 913494-3
    ISSN 1536-481X ; 1057-0829
    ISSN (online) 1536-481X
    ISSN 1057-0829
    DOI 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002187
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Lactoferrin: The Natural Protector of the Eye against Coronavirus-19.

    Alpogan, Oksan / Karakucuk, Sarper

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 751–752

    Abstract: Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19), which has affected the whole world in a very short time, can infect the eye by using the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptor. Viral prevalence in the conjunctiva was reported to be between 3% and 16% in patients with Covid- ...

    Abstract Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19), which has affected the whole world in a very short time, can infect the eye by using the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptor. Viral prevalence in the conjunctiva was reported to be between 3% and 16% in patients with Covid-19. Although Covid-19 has been reported to cause symptoms of conjunctivitis and rash in the eye, no complete evidence has yet been presented that the virus is transmitted from the eye. The low rate of PCR positivity in conjunctival swabs may be due to the effect of lactoferrin (LF), which is among the tear defense systems. LF, the natural protein found in tears, plays a major role in the eye's immune system. The antiviral effect of LF on the SARS-CoV pseudotype, which is in the same family as SARS-CoV-2, has been demonstrated in-vitro.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/virology ; Eye Infections, Viral/etiology ; Eye Infections, Viral/prevention & control ; Humans ; Lactoferrin/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents ; Lactoferrin (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2021.1954202
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Effects of Androgens on the Thickness of Retinal Layers in Transgender Men and in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

    Alpogan, Oksan / Donmez, Emin Erhan / Vural, Fisun / Balık, Ayşe Özlem

    Transgender health

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 363–370

    Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between androgens and the retinal thickness by comparing the macular thickness (MT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness of female-to-male transgender men ( ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between androgens and the retinal thickness by comparing the macular thickness (MT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness of female-to-male transgender men (TGM), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and cisgender women (CW).
    Methods: Thirty-four eyes of 34 TGM, 34 eyes of 34 women with PCOS, and 45 eyes of 45 CW were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. One-way analysis of variance and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted one-way analysis of covariance were conducted to test the differences between groups for statistical evaluation.
    Results: The parafoveal MT in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (
    Conclusions: In this study, there was a significant difference between the TGM group and the CW group for the thickness of the nasal RNFL and parafoveal and perifoveal macular area. Androgens may have the potential to increase retinal thickness in TGM; however, there is a need for validation in larger study groups. Clinical Trial Registration Number: HNEAH-KAEK 2021/4.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-4887
    ISSN 2688-4887
    DOI 10.1089/trgh.2022.0061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The effect of uneventful cataract surgery on Schlemm's canal and the trabecular meshwork in cases with pseudoexfoliation.

    Alpogan, Oksan / Tekcan, Hatice / Imamoglu, Serhat / Ozturk, Yucel / Bolac, Ruveyde

    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

    2023  Volume 262, Issue 4, Page(s) 1271–1279

    Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of uneventful cataract surgery on Schlemm's canal (SC) and the trabecular meshwork (TM) in cases with pseudoexfoliation (PX).: Methods: In this prospective study, 37 PX and 37 normal eyes, who underwent cataract ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of uneventful cataract surgery on Schlemm's canal (SC) and the trabecular meshwork (TM) in cases with pseudoexfoliation (PX).
    Methods: In this prospective study, 37 PX and 37 normal eyes, who underwent cataract surgery, were included. The PX group was further divided into two subgroups: PX syndrome (PXS) and PX glaucoma (PXG). Preoperative complete ophthalmologic examination, anterior segment (AS) imaging using a Scheimpflug camera, and measurements of SC length and area and TM thickness and length using AS optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) were performed in all cases. All measurements were repeated at the first and third months after surgery.
    Results: Preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), AS parameters, SC, and TM values showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). After surgery, there was a significant increase in AS parameter values and a significant decrease in IOP values in both the PX and control groups (p < 0.05). The nasal and temporal SC area showed a significant increase in the PX group after surgery (p = 0.007, p = 0.003, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, the only significant change in the nasal and temporal SC area was in the PXS group (p = 0.006, p = 0.003, respectively).
    Conclusion: Cataract surgery resulted in an increase in the SC area in patients with PXS. This increase may be due to multiple mechanisms including the IOP-lowering effect of cataract removal, change in AS, and removal of intraocular PX material after surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Trabecular Meshwork/surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Schlemm's Canal ; Sclera ; Intraocular Pressure ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Exfoliation Syndrome/complications ; Exfoliation Syndrome/diagnosis ; Exfoliation Syndrome/surgery ; Cataract/complications ; Cataract/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 8435-9
    ISSN 1435-702X ; 0721-832X
    ISSN (online) 1435-702X
    ISSN 0721-832X
    DOI 10.1007/s00417-023-06349-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Evaluation of the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment on choroidal vascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Bolac, Ruveyde / Bas, Suleyman / Ozkan, Esma Merve Arda / Balci, Sevcan / Alpogan, Oksan

    Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy

    2023  Volume 44, Page(s) 103804

    Abstract: Background: To evaluate the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment on choroidal vascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).: Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with T2DM without diabetic retinopathy ... ...

    Abstract Background: To evaluate the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment on choroidal vascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
    Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with T2DM without diabetic retinopathy and 20 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched patients as the control group were included in the study. The patients were evaluated using enhanced depth imaging optic coherence tomography before treatment and at the third month of treatment. The choroidal images were binarized into luminal areas (LAs) and stromal areas (SAs). The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was defined as the ratio of the LA to the total circumscribed choroid area (TCA).
    Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.65±8.41 years. The patients' mean disease duration was 6.65±5.72 years, the mean HbA1c level was 8.89±1.62%, and the mean body mass index was 33.13±4.84 kg/m
    Conclusions: Empagliflozin provides an improvement in diabetic choroidal changes through its effect on choroidal vascularity parameters.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Choroid/blood supply ; Glucose ; Sodium ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U) ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2149918-4
    ISSN 1873-1597 ; 1572-1000
    ISSN (online) 1873-1597
    ISSN 1572-1000
    DOI 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103804
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Refractive Outcomes of Uneventful Cataract Surgery in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.

    Tekcan, Hatice / Mangan, Mehmet Serhat / Imamoglu, Serhat / Alpogan, Oksan

    Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 226–235

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes after cataract surgery between patients with and without pseudoexfoliation, and to evaluate the risk factors of refractive error.: Methods: Retrospective review of 210 eyes with pseudoexfoliation (study ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes after cataract surgery between patients with and without pseudoexfoliation, and to evaluate the risk factors of refractive error.
    Methods: Retrospective review of 210 eyes with pseudoexfoliation (study group) and 510 normal eyes (control group) that underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. The study group included pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) subgroups. The main outcome measure was refractive error, defined as the difference between the target refraction and postoperative refraction in diopter (D). A refractive error >±1.0 D was identified as a large-magnitude refractive error. The frequency of the large-magnitude refractive error was compared between study and control groups, and also between each subgroup and normal eyes. The factors influencing refractive error were analyzed by logistic regression.
    Results: There was a significantly higher frequency of a refractive error >± 1.0 D and hyperopic error >1.0 D in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, PXG and poor preoperative visual acuity were related with a large-magnitude refractive error (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) Refractive error >± 1.0 D and hyperopic error >1.0 D were noted more often in PXG eyes that had an intraocular pressure spike >25 mmHg at postoperative first 24 hours (p = 0.01 and p=0.03, respectively).
    Conclusions: The eyes with pseudoexfoliation were at a high risk for refractive error, especially in the presence of glaucoma. In PXG, the only significant risk factor for refractive error was observed to be the presence of an intraocular pressure spike.
    MeSH term(s) Cataract ; Exfoliation Syndrome/complications ; Exfoliation Syndrome/diagnosis ; Exfoliation Syndrome/surgery ; Glaucoma/complications ; Glaucoma/diagnosis ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Phacoemulsification ; Refractive Errors/complications ; Refractive Errors/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639346-9
    ISSN 2092-9382 ; 1011-8942
    ISSN (online) 2092-9382
    ISSN 1011-8942
    DOI 10.3341/kjo.2021.0183
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Changes in pupil size, ocular wavefront aberrations, and accommodation in healthcare workers using FFP3 masks.

    Ercalik, Nimet Yesim / Turkseven Kumral, Esra / Mangan, Mehmet Serhat / Alpogan, Oksan / Imamoglu, Serhat / Ozcelik Kose, Alev / Tekcan, Hatice

    International ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 12, Page(s) 4991–4996

    Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate changes in pupil size, ocular wavefront aberrations (WA), and accommodation in healthcare workers after 4-h usage of Filtering Facepiece class 3 (FFP3) masks.: Material and methods: This prospective study included 22 healthy ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate changes in pupil size, ocular wavefront aberrations (WA), and accommodation in healthcare workers after 4-h usage of Filtering Facepiece class 3 (FFP3) masks.
    Material and methods: This prospective study included 22 healthy healthcare workers. Pupil size, ocular WA, and accommodation changes before and after FFP3 mask usage were evaluated using a Hartmann Schack aberrometer. Accommodative responses to stimulus ranging from 0 to 5 diopters (D) in increments of 0.5 D were assessed. Ocular high-order aberrations (HOAs) were recorded at baseline and at every accommodative stimulus. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured by pulse oximetry before and after the mask usage.
    Results: The mean age was 36.6 ± 8.5 years. The SpO2 significantly decreased from 98.95 to 97.95% after usage of the FFP3 mask (p < 0.001). The mean pupil size did not significantly differ before (6.22 ± 0.75 mm) and after (6.38 ± 0.83 mm) the 4-h mask usage (p = 0.093). The mean total RMS of the total HOAs was 0.36 ± 0.17 before and 0.39 ± 0.15 after the mask usage (p = 0.071). Post-mask accommodation showed a significant decrease at the 2 D (p = 0.041), 2.5D (p = 0.022), and 3 D (p = 0.025) stimuli.
    Conclusion: The present study shows that after 4 h-usage of FFP3 mask, both SpO2 and accommodative response to increasing stimuli might be significantly decreased.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Refraction, Ocular ; Pupil/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Masks ; Accommodation, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800087-6
    ISSN 1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
    ISSN (online) 1573-2630
    ISSN 0165-5701
    DOI 10.1007/s10792-023-02902-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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