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  1. Article ; Online: Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Immigrant and Refugee Children Arriving in the United States: 2010.

    Taylor, Eboni M / Painter, John / Posey, Drew L / Zhou, Weigong / Shetty, Sharmila

    Journal of immigrant and minority health

    2015  Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) 966–970

    Abstract: Immigrants and refugees age 2-14 years entering the United States from countries with estimated tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate ≥20 per 100,000 population are screened for TB. Children with TB disease are treated before US arrival. Children with ... ...

    Abstract Immigrants and refugees age 2-14 years entering the United States from countries with estimated tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate ≥20 per 100,000 population are screened for TB. Children with TB disease are treated before US arrival. Children with positive tuberculin skin tests (TST), but negative TB evaluation during their pre-immigration examination, are classified with latent TB infection (LTBI) and are recommended for re-evaluation post-arrival. We examined post-immigration TB evaluation and therapy for children arriving with LTBI. We reviewed medical exam data from immigrant children with medical conditions and all refugee children arriving during 2010. Medical examination data were available for 67,334 children. Of these, 8231 (12 %) had LTBI pre-immigration; 5749 (70 %) were re-evaluated for TB post-immigration, and 64 % were retested by TST or IGRA. The pre-immigration LTBI diagnosis was changed for 38 % when retested by TST and for 71 % retested by IGRA. Estimated LTBI therapy initiation and completion rates were 68 and 12 %. In this population, testing with IGRA may limit the number of children targeted for therapy. Increased pre-immigration TB screening with post-immigration follow-up evaluation leading to completion of LTBI therapy should be encouraged to prevent TB reactivation.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Latent Tuberculosis/ethnology ; Male ; Refugees ; Tuberculin Test ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2220162-2
    ISSN 1557-1920 ; 1557-1912
    ISSN (online) 1557-1920
    ISSN 1557-1912
    DOI 10.1007/s10903-015-0273-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Correction

    Heather M Scobie / Christina R Phares / Kathleen A Wannemuehler / Edith Nyangoma / Eboni M Taylor / Anna Fulton / Nuttapong Wongjindanon / Naw Rody Aung / Philippe Travers / Kashmira Date

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 7, p e

    Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014.

    2017  Volume 0005810

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210.].
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Correction: Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014.

    Scobie, Heather M / Phares, Christina R / Wannemuehler, Kathleen A / Nyangoma, Edith / Taylor, Eboni M / Fulton, Anna / Wongjindanon, Nuttapong / Aung, Naw Rody / Travers, Philippe / Date, Kashmira

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    2017  Volume 11, Issue 7, Page(s) e0005810

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2429704-5
    ISSN 1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
    ISSN (online) 1935-2735
    ISSN 1935-2727
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005810
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hepatitis B screening and prevalence among resettled refugees - United States, 2006-2011.

    Scott, Kevin C / Taylor, Eboni M / Mamo, Blain / Herr, Nathaniel D / Cronkright, Peter J / Yun, Katherine / Altshuler, Marc / Shetty, Sharmila

    MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

    2015  Volume 64, Issue 21, Page(s) 570–573

    Abstract: Globally, more than two billion persons have been infected at some time with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and approximately 3.5 million refugees have chronic HBV infection. The endemicity of HBV varies by region. Because chronic hepatitis B is infectious ...

    Abstract Globally, more than two billion persons have been infected at some time with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and approximately 3.5 million refugees have chronic HBV infection. The endemicity of HBV varies by region. Because chronic hepatitis B is infectious and persons with chronic infection benefit from treatment, CDC recommends screening for HBV among all refugees who originate in countries where the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; a marker for acute or chronic infection) is ≥2% or who are at risk for HBV because of personal characteristics such as injection drug use or household contact with an individual with HBV infection. Currently, almost all refugees are routinely screened for hepatitis B. However, prevalence rates of HBV infection in refugee populations recently resettled in the United States have not been determined. A multisite, retrospective study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of past HBV infection, current infection, and immunity among refugees resettled in the United States; to better characterize the burden of hepatitis B in this population; and to inform screening recommendations. The study incorporated surveillance data from a large state refugee health program and chart reviews from three U.S. sites that conduct medical screenings of refugees. The prevalence of HBV infection (current or past as determined by available titer levels) varied among refugees originating in different countries and was higher among Burmese refugees than among refugees from Bhutan or Iraq. Current or past HBV infection was also higher among adults (aged >18 years) and male refugees. These data might help inform planning by states and resettlement agencies, as well as screening decisions by health care providers.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Bhutan/ethnology ; Female ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Humans ; Iraq/ethnology ; Male ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Myanmar/ethnology ; Prevalence ; Refugees/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412775-4
    ISSN 1545-861X ; 0149-2195
    ISSN (online) 1545-861X
    ISSN 0149-2195
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Cost analysis of measles in refugees arriving at Los Angeles International Airport from Malaysia.

    Coleman, Margaret S / Burke, Heather M / Welstead, Bethany L / Mitchell, Tarissa / Taylor, Eboni M / Shapovalov, Dmitry / Maskery, Brian A / Joo, Heesoo / Weinberg, Michelle

    Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

    2017  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 1084–1090

    Abstract: Background On August 24, 2011, 31 US-bound refugees from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL) arrived in Los Angeles. One of them was diagnosed with measles post-arrival. He exposed others during a flight, and persons in the community while disembarking and ... ...

    Abstract Background On August 24, 2011, 31 US-bound refugees from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL) arrived in Los Angeles. One of them was diagnosed with measles post-arrival. He exposed others during a flight, and persons in the community while disembarking and seeking medical care. As a result, 9 cases of measles were identified. Methods We estimated costs of response to this outbreak and conducted a comparative cost analysis examining what might have happened had all US-bound refugees been vaccinated before leaving Malaysia. Results State-by-state costs differed and variously included vaccination, hospitalization, medical visits, and contact tracing with costs ranging from $621 to $35,115. The total of domestic and IOM Malaysia reported costs for US-bound refugees were $137,505 [range: $134,531 - $142,777 from a sensitivity analysis]. Had all US-bound refugees been vaccinated while in Malaysia, it would have cost approximately $19,646 and could have prevented 8 measles cases. Conclusion A vaccination program for US-bound refugees, supporting a complete vaccination for US-bound refugees, could improve refugees' health, reduce importations of vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States, and avert measles response activities and costs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2664176-8
    ISSN 2164-554X ; 2164-5515
    ISSN (online) 2164-554X
    ISSN 2164-5515
    DOI 10.1080/21645515.2016.1271518
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014.

    Heather M Scobie / Christina R Phares / Kathleen A Wannemuehler / Edith Nyangoma / Eboni M Taylor / Anna Fulton / Nuttapong Wongjindanon / Naw Rody Aung / Phillipe Travers / Kashmira Date

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 12, p e

    2016  Volume 0005210

    Abstract: Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are relatively new public health interventions, and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures-safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH). To assess OCV ... ...

    Abstract Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are relatively new public health interventions, and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures-safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH). To assess OCV acceptability and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding cholera and WaSH, we conducted cross-sectional surveys, 1 month before (baseline) and 3 and 12 months after (first and second follow-up) a preemptive OCV campaign in Maela, a long-standing refugee camp on the Thailand-Burma border. We randomly selected households for the surveys, and administered questionnaires to female heads of households. In total, 271 (77%), 187 (81%), and 199 (85%) households were included in the baseline, first and second follow-up surveys, respectively. Anticipated OCV acceptability was 97% at baseline, and 91% and 85% of household members were reported to have received 1 and 2 OCV doses at first follow-up. Compared with baseline, statistically significant differences (95% Wald confidence interval not overlapping zero) were noted at first and second follow-up among the proportions of respondents who correctly identified two or more means of cholera prevention (62% versus 78% and 80%), reported boiling or treating drinking water (19% versus 44% and 69%), and washing hands with soap (66% versus 77% and 85%); a significant difference was also observed in the proportion of households with soap available at handwashing areas (84% versus 90% and 95%), consistent with reported behaviors. No significant difference was noted in the proportion of households testing positive for Escherichia coli in stored household drinking water at second follow-up (39% versus 49% and 34%). Overall, we observed some positive, and no negative changes in cholera- and WaSH-related KAPs after an OCV campaign in Maela refugee camp. OCV campaigns may provide opportunities to reinforce beneficial WaSH-related KAPs for comprehensive cholera prevention and control.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Formative Work and Community Engagement Approaches for Implementing an HIV Intervention in Botswana Schools.

    Miller, Kim S / Cham, Haddi J / Taylor, Eboni M / Berrier, Faith L / Duffy, Meghan / Vig, Jessica / Chipazi, Lily / Chakalisa, Chawada / Sidibe, Sekou / Swart, Kenau / Tau, Nontobeko Sylvia / Clark, Leslie F

    American journal of public health

    2016  Volume 106, Issue 8, Page(s) 1439–1441

    Abstract: Providing adolescents with evidence-based sexual risk reduction interventions is critical to addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Project AIM (Adult Identity Mentoring) is an innovative, evidence-based, youth ... ...

    Abstract Providing adolescents with evidence-based sexual risk reduction interventions is critical to addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Project AIM (Adult Identity Mentoring) is an innovative, evidence-based, youth development intervention that is being evaluated for the first time in Botswana through a 3-year (2015-2017), 50-school cluster randomized controlled trial, including testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 as a sexual activity biomarker. Conducting a trial of this magnitude requires the support and collaboration of government and community stakeholders. All school staff, including teachers, must be well informed about the study; dedicated staff placed at each school can help to improve school and community familiarity with the study, improve the information flow, and relieve some of the burden study activities places on schools.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Botswana ; Child ; Community Participation/methods ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Inservice Training/organization & administration ; Male ; Program Evaluation ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Education/organization & administration ; Sexual Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 121100-6
    ISSN 1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    ISSN (online) 1541-0048
    ISSN 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303225
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Physical and mental health status of Iraqi refugees resettled in the United States.

    Taylor, Eboni M / Yanni, Emad A / Pezzi, Clelia / Guterbock, Michael / Rothney, Erin / Harton, Elizabeth / Montour, Jessica / Elias, Collin / Burke, Heather

    Journal of immigrant and minority health

    2013  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 1130–1137

    Abstract: We conducted a survey among Iraqi refugees resettled in the United States to assess their physical and mental health status and healthcare access and utilization following the initial 8-month, post-arrival period. We randomly selected Iraqi refugees: ≥18 ...

    Abstract We conducted a survey among Iraqi refugees resettled in the United States to assess their physical and mental health status and healthcare access and utilization following the initial 8-month, post-arrival period. We randomly selected Iraqi refugees: ≥18 years of age; living in the United States for 8–36 months; and residents of Michigan, California, Texas and Idaho. Participants completed a household questionnaire and mental health assessment. We distributed 366 surveys. Seventy-five percent of participants had health insurance at the time of the survey; 43 % reported delaying or not seeking care for a medical problem in the past year. Sixty percent of participants reported one chronic condition; 37 % reported ≥2 conditions. The prevalence of emotional distress, anxiety, and depression was approximately 50 % of participants; 31 % were at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. Iraqi refugees in this evaluation reported a high prevalence of chronic conditions and mental health symptoms despite relatively high access to healthcare. It is important for resettlement partners to be aware of the distinctive health concerns of this population to best address needs within this community.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease/ethnology ; Delivery of Health Care/ethnology ; Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Behavior/ethnology ; Health Services Accessibility ; Health Status ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Iraq/ethnology ; Male ; Mental Health/ethnology ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Refugees/psychology ; Refugees/statistics & numerical data ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2220162-2
    ISSN 1557-1920 ; 1557-1912
    ISSN (online) 1557-1920
    ISSN 1557-1912
    DOI 10.1007/s10903-013-9893-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014.

    Scobie, Heather M / Phares, Christina R / Wannemuehler, Kathleen A / Nyangoma, Edith / Taylor, Eboni M / Fulton, Anna / Wongjindanon, Nuttapong / Aung, Naw Rody / Travers, Phillipe / Date, Kashmira

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    2016  Volume 10, Issue 12, Page(s) e0005210

    Abstract: Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are relatively new public health interventions, and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures-safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH). To assess OCV ... ...

    Abstract Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are relatively new public health interventions, and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures-safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH). To assess OCV acceptability and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding cholera and WaSH, we conducted cross-sectional surveys, 1 month before (baseline) and 3 and 12 months after (first and second follow-up) a preemptive OCV campaign in Maela, a long-standing refugee camp on the Thailand-Burma border. We randomly selected households for the surveys, and administered questionnaires to female heads of households. In total, 271 (77%), 187 (81%), and 199 (85%) households were included in the baseline, first and second follow-up surveys, respectively. Anticipated OCV acceptability was 97% at baseline, and 91% and 85% of household members were reported to have received 1 and 2 OCV doses at first follow-up. Compared with baseline, statistically significant differences (95% Wald confidence interval not overlapping zero) were noted at first and second follow-up among the proportions of respondents who correctly identified two or more means of cholera prevention (62% versus 78% and 80%), reported boiling or treating drinking water (19% versus 44% and 69%), and washing hands with soap (66% versus 77% and 85%); a significant difference was also observed in the proportion of households with soap available at handwashing areas (84% versus 90% and 95%), consistent with reported behaviors. No significant difference was noted in the proportion of households testing positive for Escherichia coli in stored household drinking water at second follow-up (39% versus 49% and 34%). Overall, we observed some positive, and no negative changes in cholera- and WaSH-related KAPs after an OCV campaign in Maela refugee camp. OCV campaigns may provide opportunities to reinforce beneficial WaSH-related KAPs for comprehensive cholera prevention and control.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholera/epidemiology ; Cholera/microbiology ; Cholera/prevention & control ; Cholera Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Cholera Vaccines/immunology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drinking Water/microbiology ; Drinking Water/standards ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hand Hygiene/standards ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Refugees ; Rural Health ; Sanitation/standards ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Cholera Vaccines ; Drinking Water
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2429704-5
    ISSN 1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
    ISSN (online) 1935-2735
    ISSN 1935-2727
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Sex ratio, poverty, and concurrent partnerships among men and women in the United States: a multilevel analysis.

    Adimora, Adaora A / Schoenbach, Victor J / Taylor, Eboni M / Khan, Maria R / Schwartz, Robert J / Miller, William C

    Annals of epidemiology

    2013  Volume 23, Issue 11, Page(s) 716–719

    Abstract: Purpose: Social and economic contextual factors may promote concurrent sexual partnerships, which can accelerate population HIV transmission and are more common among African Americans than U.S. Whites. We investigated the relationship between ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Social and economic contextual factors may promote concurrent sexual partnerships, which can accelerate population HIV transmission and are more common among African Americans than U.S. Whites. We investigated the relationship between contextual factors and concurrency.
    Methods: We analyzed past 12-month concurrency prevalence in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and its contextual database in relation to county sex ratio (among respondent's racial and ethnic group), percentage in poverty (among respondent's racial and ethnic group), and violent crime rate. Analyses examined counties with balanced (0.95-1.05 males/female) or low (<0.9) sex ratios.
    Results: Concurrency prevalence was greater (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) in counties with low sex ratios (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17-2.39), more poverty (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98-1.42 per 10 percentage-point increase), and higher crime rates (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09 per 1000 population/year). Notably, 99.5% of Whites and 93.7% of Hispanics, but only 7.85% of Blacks, lived in balanced sex ratio counties; about 5% of Whites, half of Hispanics, and three-fourths of Blacks resided in counties with >20% same-race poverty.
    Conclusions: The dramatic Black-White differences in contextual factors in the United States and their association with sexual concurrency could contribute to the nation's profound racial disparities in HIV infection.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/ethnology ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multilevel Analysis ; Poverty ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior/ethnology ; Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Partners ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; White People/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1074355-8
    ISSN 1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2585
    ISSN 1047-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.08.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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