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Article ; Online: The efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of Kyung-ok-ko: A narrative review.

Kim, Ji-Woo / Geum, Ji-Hye / Ha, Won-Bae / Woo, Hyeon-Jun / Han, Yun-Hee / Park, Shin-Hyeok / Lee, Jung-Han

2022 Volume 101, Issue 45, Page(s) e31311

Abstract: Kyung-ok-ko (KOK), a traditional medicinal formula in East Asia, has been recently studied across ...

Abstract	Kyung-ok-ko (KOK), a traditional medicinal formula in East Asia, has been recently studied across various fields. However, comprehensive reviews of clinical applications of KOK targeting clinical and experimental studies are lacking. Therefore, the application of KOK is being limited to the range of tonic medicines. To overcome this limitation, we aim to investigate the effectiveness, mechanism, and safety of KOK to obtain evidence regarding its effects in clinical applications. We searched for clinical and experimental articles in 11 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Google Scholar, Research Information Sharing Service, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Koreanstudies Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, DBpia, and ScienceON). We selected 54 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Three clinical studies used KOK for a consumptive disease and health promotion. Fifty-one experimental studies reported the antioxidant activity, neuroprotective activity, anticancer effect, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological activity, growth promotion, impacts on cardiovascular system diseases, gastrointestinal system diseases, respiratory system diseases, and metabolic bone disease, hepatoprotective function, and antifatigue function of KOK, which were considered effective and safe in consumptive, chronic, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune diseases. We identified the effectiveness of KOK in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. However, further clinical studies are warranted in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; China ; Far East
Chemical Substances	kyung-ok-ko ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000031311
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Article ; Online: Immunopathologic Role of Fungi in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Shin, Seung-Heon / Ye, Mi-Kyung / Lee, Dong-Won / Geum, Sang-Yen

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 3

Abstract: Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly associated with airway inflammatory diseases. The innate immune defense system eliminates most inhaled fungi. However, some influence the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. Fungal CRS ... ...

Abstract	Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly associated with airway inflammatory diseases. The innate immune defense system eliminates most inhaled fungi. However, some influence the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. Fungal CRS is thought of as not a common disease, and its incidence increases over time. Fungi are present in CRS patients and in healthy sinonasal mucosa. Although the immunological mechanisms have not been entirely explained, CRS patients may exhibit different immune responses than healthy people against airborne fungi. Fungi can induce Th1 and Th2 immune responses. In CRS, Th2-related immune responses against fungi are associated with pattern recognition receptors in nasal epithelial cells, the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from nasal epithelial cells, and interaction with innate type 2 cells, lymphocytes, and inflammatory cells. Fungi also interact with neutrophils and eosinophils and induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs). NETs and EETs are associated with antifungal properties and aggravation of chronic inflammation in CRS by releasing intracellular granule proteins. Fungal and bacterial biofilms are commonly found in CRS and may support chronic and recalcitrant CRS infection. The fungal-bacterial interaction in the sinonasal mucosa could affect the survival and virulence of fungi and bacteria and host immune responses. The interaction between the mycobiome and microbiome may also influence the host immune response, impacting local inflammation and chronicity. Although the exact immunopathologic role of fungi in the pathogenesis of CRS is not completely understood, they contribute to the development of sinonasal inflammatory responses in CRS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rhinitis/pathology ; Sinusitis/pathology ; Nasal Mucosa/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Fungi ; Chronic Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24032366
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Article ; Online: Aspergillus

Shin, Seung-Heon / Ye, Mi-Kyung / Lee, Dong-Won / Choi, Mi-Hyun / Geum, Sang-Yen

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 24

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in the sinonasal mucosa. Eosinophil and neutrophil extracellular traps (EETs and NETs, respectively) are prominently found in CRS. This study aimed to investigate the effect ... ...

Abstract	Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in the sinonasal mucosa. Eosinophil and neutrophil extracellular traps (EETs and NETs, respectively) are prominently found in CRS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of airborne fungi,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Eosinophils ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Rhinosinusitis ; Chronic Disease ; Sinusitis/metabolism ; Aspergillus ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; NADP (53-59-8) ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242417264
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Article ; Online: Asian Sand Dust Particles Enhance the Development of

Shin, Seung-Heon / Ye, Mi-Kyung / Lee, Dong-Won / Chae, Mi-Hyun

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 6

Abstract: Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) and : Methods: Primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured with : Results: ASD and : Conclusions: ASD ... ...

Abstract	Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) and Methods: Primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured with Results: ASD and Conclusions: ASD and
MeSH term(s)	Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolism ; Biofilms ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Dust ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Gentian Violet/metabolism ; Gentian Violet/pharmacology ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Nasal Mucosa/metabolism ; Sand
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Inflammation Mediators ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Sand ; Concanavalin A (11028-71-0) ; Gentian Violet (J4Z741D6O5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23063030
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Article ; Online: Immunopathologic Role of Fungi in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Seung-Heon Shin / Mi-Kyung Ye / Dong-Won Lee / Sang-Yen Geum

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 2366, p

2023 Volume 2366

Abstract	Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly associated with airway inflammatory diseases. The innate immune defense system eliminates most inhaled fungi. However, some influence the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. Fungal CRS is thought of as not a common disease, and its incidence increases over time. Fungi are present in CRS patients and in healthy sinonasal mucosa. Although the immunological mechanisms have not been entirely explained, CRS patients may exhibit different immune responses than healthy people against airborne fungi. Fungi can induce Th1 and Th2 immune responses. In CRS, Th2-related immune responses against fungi are associated with pattern recognition receptors in nasal epithelial cells, the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from nasal epithelial cells, and interaction with innate type 2 cells, lymphocytes, and inflammatory cells. Fungi also interact with neutrophils and eosinophils and induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs). NETs and EETs are associated with antifungal properties and aggravation of chronic inflammation in CRS by releasing intracellular granule proteins. Fungal and bacterial biofilms are commonly found in CRS and may support chronic and recalcitrant CRS infection. The fungal–bacterial interaction in the sinonasal mucosa could affect the survival and virulence of fungi and bacteria and host immune responses. The interaction between the mycobiome and microbiome may also influence the host immune response, impacting local inflammation and chronicity. Although the exact immunopathologic role of fungi in the pathogenesis of CRS is not completely understood, they contribute to the development of sinonasal inflammatory responses in CRS.
Keywords	fungus ; chronic rhinosinusitis ; biofilm ; extracellular trap ; mucosal immunity ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	120
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Carotid body denervation improves hyperglycemia in obese mice.

Shin, Mi-Kyung / Tang, Wan-Yee / Amorim, Mateus R / Sham, James S-K / Polotsky, Vsevolod Y

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2023 Volume 136, Issue 2, Page(s) 233–243

Abstract: The carotid bodies (CBs) have been implicated in glucose abnormalities in obesity via elevation of activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Obesity-induced hypertension is mediated by insulin receptor (INSR) signaling and by leptin, which binds to the ...

Abstract	The carotid bodies (CBs) have been implicated in glucose abnormalities in obesity via elevation of activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Obesity-induced hypertension is mediated by insulin receptor (INSR) signaling and by leptin, which binds to the leptin receptor (LEPR
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Leptin ; Insulin Resistance ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Carotid Body/metabolism ; Mice, Obese ; TRPM Cation Channels/metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Hyperglycemia/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Denervation ; Insulins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Leptin ; Blood Glucose ; TRPM Cation Channels ; Liver Glycogen ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulins ; Trpm7 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2023
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Article ; Online: Immunopathologic Role of Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Shin, Seung-Heon / Ye, Mi-Kyung / Park, Jinwoo / Geum, Sang-Yen

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 21

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a diverse chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa. CRS manifests itself in a variety of clinical and immunologic patterns. The histological hallmark of eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) is eosinophil infiltration. ECRS ... ...

Abstract	Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a diverse chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa. CRS manifests itself in a variety of clinical and immunologic patterns. The histological hallmark of eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) is eosinophil infiltration. ECRS is associated with severe disease severity, increased comorbidity, and a higher recurrence rate, as well as thick mucus production. Eosinophils play an important role in these ECRS clinical characteristics. Eosinophils are multipotential effector cells that contribute to host defense against nonphagocytable pathogens, as well as allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils interact with
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Eosinophils ; Nasal Polyps/metabolism ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis/complications ; Leukocyte Count ; Chronic Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms232113313
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of machine-assisted irrigation on removal of intracanal biofilm and extrusion of sodium hypochlorite using a three-dimensionally printed root canal model.

Shin, Ji-Yoon / Kim, Mi-Ah / Kim, Hee-Jin / Neelakantan, Prasanna / Yu, Mi-Kyung / Min, Kyung-San

Journal of oral science

2023 Volume 65, Issue 3, Page(s) 158–162

Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to compare the biofilm removal and apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) following machine-assisted irrigation using a three-dimensionally (3D) printed dentin-insert model.: Methods: Multispecies biofilms were ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study aimed to compare the biofilm removal and apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) following machine-assisted irrigation using a three-dimensionally (3D) printed dentin-insert model. Methods: Multispecies biofilms were formed in a 3D-printed curved root canal model with dentin insert. The model was then placed in a container that was filled with 0.2% agarose gel containing 0.1% m-Cresol purple. Root canals were irrigated with 1% NaOCl using syringe irrigation, sonically agitated (EndoActivator or EDDY) or ultrasonically activated (Endosonic Blue) irrigation. Samples were photographed and the color-changed area was measured. Biofilm removal was assessed using colony-forming unit counting, confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopic observations. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (P < 0.05). Results: EDDY and Endosonic Blue demonstrated significantly greater reduction of biofilms compared to other groups. No significant differences were observed in the remaining biofilm volume in syringe irrigation and EndoActivator groups. Furthermore, EDDY and Endosonic Blue presented with numerous exposed dentinal tubules. EDDY showed significantly greater NaOCl extrusion compared to other groups. Conclusion: Ultrasonic activation with a small-sized nickel-titanium file irrigation system may be beneficial in intracanal biofilm removal avoiding extrusion of NaOCl beyond the root apex.
MeSH term(s)	Dental Pulp Cavity ; Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology ; Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Biofilms ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Root Canal Preparation
Chemical Substances	Sodium Hypochlorite (DY38VHM5OD) ; Root Canal Irrigants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1434462-2
ISSN	1880-4926 ; 1343-4934
ISSN (online)	1880-4926
ISSN	1343-4934
DOI	10.2334/josnusd.23-0025
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Article ; Online: Asian Sand Dust Particles Enhance the Development of Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilm on Nasal Epithelial Cells

Seung-Heon Shin / Mi-Kyung Ye / Dong-Won Lee / Mi-Hyun Chae

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 3030, p

2022 Volume 3030

Abstract: Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) and Aspergillus fumigatus are known risk factors for airway mucosal inflammatory diseases. Bacterial and fungal biofilms commonly coexist in chronic rhinosinusitis and fungus balls. We evaluated the effects of ASD on the ...

Abstract	Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) and Aspergillus fumigatus are known risk factors for airway mucosal inflammatory diseases. Bacterial and fungal biofilms commonly coexist in chronic rhinosinusitis and fungus balls. We evaluated the effects of ASD on the development of A. fumigatus biofilm formation on nasal epithelial cells. Methods: Primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured with A. fumigatus conidia with or without ASD for 72 h. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from nasal epithelial cells was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of ASD on A. fumigatus biofilm formation were determined using crystal violet, concanavalin A, safranin staining, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Results: ASD and A. fumigatus significantly enhanced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 from nasal epithelial cells. By coculturing A. fumigatus with ASD, the dry weight and safranin staining of the fungal biofilms significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. However, the increased level of crystal violet and concanavalin A stain decreased after 72 h of incubation. Conclusions: ASD and A. fumigatus induced the production of inflammatory chemical mediators from nasal epithelial cells. The exposure of A. fumigatus to ASD enhanced the formation of biofilms. The coexistence of ASD and A. fumigatus may increase the development of fungal biofilms and fungal inflammatory diseases in the sinonasal mucosa.
Keywords	Asian sand dust ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; biofilm ; epithelial cells ; inflammatory mediator ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Trichinella spiralis nurse cell formation is regulated via CCR7

Park, Mi-Kyung / Kang, Shin Ae / Cho, Min-Kyoung / Yu, Hak Sun

Parasite immunology

2022 Volume 44, Issue 9, Page(s) e12938

Abstract: The chemokine receptor CCR7 is a well-established homing receptor for dendritic cells (DCs) and T-cells. Interaction with the CCL19 and CCL21 ligands promotes priming of immune responses in lymphoid tissues; however, the mechanism underlying CCR7-induced ...

Abstract	The chemokine receptor CCR7 is a well-established homing receptor for dendritic cells (DCs) and T-cells. Interaction with the CCL19 and CCL21 ligands promotes priming of immune responses in lymphoid tissues; however, the mechanism underlying CCR7-induced immune responses against helminth parasite infection remains unknown. Thus, we examined the role of CCR7 in generating protective immune responses against intracellular Trichinella spiralis infection. The results showed significantly increased CCR7, CCL19 and CCL21 expression in the muscle tissue compared to that in the intestinal tissue in T. spiralis-infected mice. The CCR7-expressing DC population increased in the mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) during T. spiralis infection. Notably, the number of CCR7-expressing cells in PLNs increased by more than 30% at 28 days post-infection; however, this increase was significantly inhibited in CCR7-blocked mice treated with CCR7-specific antibodies. T helper 2 (Th2)-and regulatory T (T
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells ; Mice ; Receptors, CCR7/metabolism ; Trichinella spiralis ; Trichinellosis
Chemical Substances	Ccr7 protein, mouse ; Cytokines ; Receptors, CCR7
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424444-8
ISSN	1365-3024 ; 0141-9838
ISSN (online)	1365-3024
ISSN	0141-9838
DOI	10.1111/pim.12938
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