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Article ; Online: Contemporary Management of Thyroid Nodules.

Kobaly, Kristen / Kim, Caroline S / Mandel, Susan J

2021 Volume 73, Page(s) 517–528

Abstract: Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, with higher prevalence in women and with advancing age. Approximately 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant; the majority of this subset represents papillary thyroid cancer. Ultrasonography is the ... ...

Abstract	Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, with higher prevalence in women and with advancing age. Approximately 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant; the majority of this subset represents papillary thyroid cancer. Ultrasonography is the standard technique to assess the underlying thyroid parenchyma, characterize the features of thyroid nodules, and evaluate for abnormal cervical lymphadenopathy. Various risk stratification systems exist to categorize the risk of malignancy based on the ultrasound appearance of a thyroid nodule. Nodules are selected for fine-needle aspiration biopsy on the basis of ultrasound features, size, and high-risk clinical history. Cytology results are classified by the Bethesda system into six categories ranging from benign to malignant. When cytology is indeterminate, molecular testing can further risk-stratify patients for observation or surgery. Surveillance is indicated for nodules with benign cytology, indeterminate cytology with reassuring molecular testing, or non-biopsied nodules without a benign sonographic appearance.
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy ; Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Nodule/pathology ; Thyroid Nodule/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	207930-6
ISSN	1545-326X ; 0066-4219
ISSN (online)	1545-326X
ISSN	0066-4219
DOI	10.1146/annurev-med-042220-015032
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Article ; Online: Hyperthyroidism and Pregnancy.

Kobaly, Kristen / Mandel, Susan J

Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

2019 Volume 48, Issue 3, Page(s) 533–545

Abstract: Clinical hyperthyroidism affects 0.1% to 0.4% of pregnancies. Gestational thyrotoxicosis is due to homology of the structure of TSH and HCG, which weakly stimulates the TSH receptor. Graves' disease (GD) most commonly causes clinically significant ... ...

Abstract	Clinical hyperthyroidism affects 0.1% to 0.4% of pregnancies. Gestational thyrotoxicosis is due to homology of the structure of TSH and HCG, which weakly stimulates the TSH receptor. Graves' disease (GD) most commonly causes clinically significant hyperthyroidism. Given concerns for teratogenicity from antithyroid drugs, these may be discontinued in low-risk GD patients. High-risk patients are treated with propylthiouracil in the first trimester then may transition to methimazole. Surgery is reserved for special circumstances; radioactive iodine is contraindicated. In late pregnancy, GD may remit; postpartum relapse is common. Measurement of serum thyrotropin receptor antibodies identifies pregnancies at-risk for fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism.
MeSH term(s)	Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use ; Contraindications ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/complications ; Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis ; Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology ; Hyperthyroidism/therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Antithyroid Agents ; Iodine Radioisotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	92116-6
ISSN	1558-4410 ; 0889-8529
ISSN (online)	1558-4410
ISSN	0889-8529
DOI	10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.002
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Article ; Online: Macrocalcifications Do Not Alter Malignancy Risk Within the American Thyroid Association Sonographic Pattern System When Present in Non-High Suspicion Thyroid Nodules.

Kobaly, Kristen / Kim, Caroline S / Langer, Jill E / Mandel, Susan J

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association

2021 Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 1542–1548

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Calcinosis ; Endocrinology/organization & administration ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Societies, Medical/organization & administration ; Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Gland/pathology ; Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Nodule/pathology ; Ultrasonography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1086044-7
ISSN	1557-9077 ; 1050-7256
ISSN (online)	1557-9077
ISSN	1050-7256
DOI	10.1089/thy.2021.0140
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Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor: "Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists".

Kobaly, Kristen / Mandel, Susan J / Cappola, Anne R / Kim, Caroline S

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2020 Volume 105, Issue 7

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Endocrinologists ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgaa212
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Article: Letter to the Editor: "Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists"

Kobaly, Kristen / Mandel, Susan J / Cappola, Anne R / Kim, Caroline S

J. clin. endocrinol. metab

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #88454
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Clinical review: Thyroid cancer mimics on surveillance neck sonography.

Kobaly, Kristen / Mandel, Susan J / Langer, Jill E

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2015 Volume 100, Issue 2, Page(s) 371–375

Abstract: Sonography of the neck is a critical tool in monitoring patients after near-total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Sonography has proven to be among the most sensitive imaging techniques for the detection of recurrent or residual cancer ... ...

Abstract	Sonography of the neck is a critical tool in monitoring patients after near-total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Sonography has proven to be among the most sensitive imaging techniques for the detection of recurrent or residual cancer in the thyroidectomy bed and metastatic cervical lymph nodes. It is important for the sonologist to be familiar with normal postsurgical findings and other disease processes that may imitate malignant lesions. We describe the typical sonographic appearance of benign lesions that can resemble recurrent thyroid cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Neck/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/jc.2014-2881
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Article ; Online: Effects of occlusion on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients.

Kobaly, Kristen / Somani, Ally-Khan / McCormick, Thomas / Nedorost, Susan T

Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug

2010 Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 255–261

Abstract: Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) may be exacerbated by occlusion from items such as occlusive gloves or textiles, especially if the occlusion is removed suddenly, creating a steep humidity gradient. Most previous studies of occlusion have focused on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) may be exacerbated by occlusion from items such as occlusive gloves or textiles, especially if the occlusion is removed suddenly, creating a steep humidity gradient. Most previous studies of occlusion have focused on normal skin. Occlusion has been shown to be beneficial in psoriatic skin, but many atopic patients complain of increased inflammation after occlusion. Objective: To evaluate the response of noninflamed AD skin to occlusion. Methods: Six patients with AD were patch-tested with occlusive polyethylene wrap and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in standard Finn Chambers taped to noninflamed skin of the back. Cytokine and chemokine messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), as well as the 18S rRNA housekeeping gene, was obtained via tape-stripping the skin and measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also measured transepidermal water loss after removal of occlusion. Results: Polyethylene occlusion alone with abrupt removal induced IL-8 and IL-1α levels similar to or exceeding that of SLS. IL-1RA was up-regulated by SLS and occlusion, with SLS showing a stronger response. Conclusion: Removal of occlusion with polyethylene film up-regulates the inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1α, and IL-1RA in patients with AD. This may explain the worsening of AD with the use of occlusive gloves, athletic equipment, and fabrics.
MeSH term(s)	Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cytokines/genetics ; Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology ; Humans ; Occlusive Dressings/adverse effects ; Polyethylene/adverse effects ; RNA/analysis ; Skin/immunology
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Polyethylene (9002-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2144723-8
ISSN	2162-5220 ; 1532-8163 ; 1710-3568
ISSN (online)	2162-5220 ; 1532-8163
ISSN	1710-3568
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Zs.A 3680: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Parent-of-origin effects on glucose homeostasis in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Kobaly, Kristen / Vellanki, Priyathama / Sisk, Ryan K / Armstrong, Loren / Lee, Ji Young / Lee, Jungwha / Hayes, M Geoffrey / Urbanek, Margrit / Legro, Richard S / Dunaif, Andrea

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2014 Volume 99, Issue 8, Page(s) 2961–2966

Abstract: Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heritable complex trait. Parents of affected women have reproductive and metabolic phenotypes.: Objective: We tested the hypothesis that there are parental effects on the heritability of fasting ... ...

Abstract	Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heritable complex trait. Parents of affected women have reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that there are parental effects on the heritability of fasting dysglycemia in women with PCOS. Design and setting: This was a cross-sectional study at an academic medical center. Participants: PARTICIPANTS included 367 women with PCOS and their parents (1101 total subjects). Main outcome measures: We compared maternal and paternal contributions to heritability of fasting dysglycemia and to transmission of the PCOS susceptibility allele of D19S884 within the fibrillin-3 gene (D19S884-A8) on fasting dysglycemia. Results: Fathers had higher fasting glucose levels, prevalence of fasting dysglycemia and proinsulin to insulin molar ratios (P < .0001), a marker of defective insulin processing, compared with mothers. Heritability of fasting dysglycemia was significant in PCOS families (h(2) = 37%, SE = 10%, P = .001). Maternal heritability (h(2) = 51%, SE = 15%, P = .0009) was higher than paternal heritability (h(2) = 23 %, SE = 23%, P = .186) of fasting dysglycemia after adjustment for age and body mass index. Within dysglycemic probands, there was increased maternal compared with paternal transmission of D19S884-A8 (maternal 84% vs paternal 45%, χ(2) = 6.51, P = .011). Conclusions: There was a sex difference in the parental metabolic phenotype with fathers having an increased risk of fasting dysglycemia and evidence for pancreatic β-cell dysfunction compared with mothers. However, only maternal heritability had significant effects on the prevalence of fasting dysglycemia in women with PCOS. Furthermore, there were maternal parent-of-origin effects on transmission of D19S884-A8 probands with fasting dysglycemia. These findings suggest that maternal factors, genetic and perhaps epigenetic, contribute to the metabolic phenotype in affected women.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Blood Glucose/genetics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting/blood ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/blood ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/jc.2013-4338
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of extremely low birth weight (<1 kg) and extremely low gestational age (<28 weeks) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: effects of practice changes in 2000 to 2003.

Kobaly, Kristen / Schluchter, Mark / Minich, Nori / Friedman, Harriet / Taylor, Hudson Gerry / Wilson-Costello, Deanne / Hack, Maureen

Pediatrics

2008 Volume 121, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–81

Abstract: Objective: The goal was to evaluate whether changes in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependence at corrected age of 36 weeks).: Methods: We compared outcomes of extremely low birth ...

Abstract	Objective: The goal was to evaluate whether changes in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependence at corrected age of 36 weeks). Methods: We compared outcomes of extremely low birth weight (<1 kg) and extremely low gestational age (<28 weeks) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia between 2 periods (period I, 1996-1999: extremely low birth weight, n = 122; extremely low gestational age, n = 118; period II, 2000-2003: extremely low birth weight, n = 109; extremely low gestational age, n = 107). Results: For both groups, significant practice changes between period I and period II included increased prenatal and decreased postnatal steroid therapy and increased surfactant therapy, indomethacin therapy, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Significant morbidity changes included decreased rates of severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities and increased rates of ventilator dependence. Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not change (52% vs 53%). Follow-up evaluation revealed significantly lower rates of neurosensory abnormalities during period II (extremely low birth weight: 29% vs 16%; extremely low gestational age: 31% vs 16%). There were no changes in rates of Mental Developmental Index scores of <70 (extremely low birth weight: 42% vs 42%; extremely low gestational age: 37% vs 45%) or overall developmental impairment (extremely low birth weight: 51% vs 49%; extremely low gestational age: 50% vs 51%). For the extremely low gestational age group, predictors of neurosensory abnormalities were severe cranial ultrasound abnormality and postnatal steroid therapy. Predictors of overall impairment included severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities, ventilator dependence, postnatal steroid therapy, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation. For the extremely low birth weight group, the only predictor of neurosensory abnormalities was severe cranial ultrasound abnormality. Predictors of overall impairment included multiple birth, ventilator dependence, and severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities. Conclusions: Neurosensory outcomes of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia improved during 2000 to 2003 but overall neurodevelopmental outcomes did not change.
MeSH term(s)	Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diagnosis ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/mortality ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy ; Developmental Disabilities/etiology ; Developmental Disabilities/mortality ; Developmental Disabilities/therapy ; Female ; Health Care Surveys ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/mortality ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal/standards ; Intensive Care, Neonatal/trends ; Male ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Mental Disorders/mortality ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Probability ; Prognosis ; Psychomotor Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychomotor Disorders/etiology ; Psychomotor Disorders/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.2007-1444
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