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  1. Article ; Online: Intermittent fasting and bone health: a bone of contention?

    Clayton, David J / Varley, Ian / Papageorgiou, Maria

    The British journal of nutrition

    2023  Volume 130, Issue 9, Page(s) 1487–1499

    Abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens ( ...

    Abstract Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Obesity ; Intermittent Fasting ; Bone Density ; Body Weight ; Fasting/physiology ; Weight Loss/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 280396-3
    ISSN 1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
    ISSN (online) 1475-2662
    ISSN 0007-1145
    DOI 10.1017/S0007114523000545
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Multivariate information theory uncovers synergistic subsystems of the human cerebral cortex.

    Varley, Thomas F / Pope, Maria / Faskowitz, Joshua / Sporns, Olaf

    Communications biology

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 451

    Abstract: One of the most well-established tools for modeling the brain is the functional connectivity network, which is constructed from pairs of interacting brain regions. While powerful, the network model is limited by the restriction that only pairwise ... ...

    Abstract One of the most well-established tools for modeling the brain is the functional connectivity network, which is constructed from pairs of interacting brain regions. While powerful, the network model is limited by the restriction that only pairwise dependencies are considered and potentially higher-order structures are missed. Here, we explore how multivariate information theory reveals higher-order dependencies in the human brain. We begin with a mathematical analysis of the O-information, showing analytically and numerically how it is related to previously established information theoretic measures of complexity. We then apply the O-information to brain data, showing that synergistic subsystems are widespread in the human brain. Highly synergistic subsystems typically sit between canonical functional networks, and may serve an integrative role. We then use simulated annealing to find maximally synergistic subsystems, finding that such systems typically comprise ≈10 brain regions, recruited from multiple canonical brain systems. Though ubiquitous, highly synergistic subsystems are invisible when considering pairwise functional connectivity, suggesting that higher-order dependencies form a kind of shadow structure that has been unrecognized by established network-based analyses. We assert that higher-order interactions in the brain represent an under-explored space that, accessible with tools of multivariate information theory, may offer novel scientific insights.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain Mapping ; Information Theory ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; Models, Neurological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-023-04843-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Multivariate information theory uncovers synergistic subsystems of the human cerebral cortex.

    Varley, Thomas F / Pope, Maria / Faskowitz, Joshua / Sporns, Olaf

    Communications biology

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 615

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-023-04984-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Stakeholder views on cognitive communication assessment and intervention for a person living independently in the community with severe traumatic brain injury.

    Howell, Susan / Hoskin, Joanna / Eaton, Debbie / Holloway, Mark / Varley, Rosemary

    International journal of language & communication disorders

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 483–495

    Abstract: Background: Cognitive communication disorder (CCD) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well documented and these communication problems impede successful re-integration into community living. While there is growing evidence for intervention to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cognitive communication disorder (CCD) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well documented and these communication problems impede successful re-integration into community living. While there is growing evidence for intervention to both detect and treat the impact of these deficits across the rehabilitation continuum, there are barriers to accessing services. Cognitive communication impairments may be missed because the person can talk, and this may mask the subtle but debilitating impact of a CCD. Referral to a speech and language therapist (SLT) may be overlooked or not timely, which prevents the individual accessing evidence-based interventions. Inadequate treatment provision and an under- or overestimation of communication capability can potentially undermine the effectiveness of wider team assessment and intervention.
    Aims: To report stakeholder views on specialist SLT input for CCD within a multidisciplinary team intervention for a community-dwelling individual with severe TBI. The investigation explored perspectives on understanding of CCD, on practice and on outcomes, in order to inform professional groups on perceived impacts of the evidence-to-practice gap.
    Methods and procedures: A semi-structured interview methodology was employed with 11 stakeholder participants involved in a single case. Data were evaluated using a thematic framework method. Themes were inductively derived from the stakeholder narratives.
    Outcomes: Stakeholders reported the following outcomes from specialist SLT input for CCD within a collaborative team approach: improved engagement with rehabilitation and support teams, improved health-related quality of life and well-being, and increased client participation in community activities of personal relevance. Stakeholders also reported inequities in wider service provision where limitations in professional understanding of CCD and knowledge of best practice recommendations preclude access to specialist SLT services.
    Conclusions: CCDs are under-recognised and this can have a devastating effect on people with CCD and on those around them. Stakeholder reports provide evidence for the effectiveness of SLT practice recommendations for the treatment of CCD following TBI. They also provide additional evidence of persisting barriers to accessing treatment. Future research to explore ways to close this evidence-to-practice gap is required.
    What this paper adds: What is already known on this subject Cognitive communication difficulties are a well-documented consequence of TBI. There is evidence for the effectiveness of person-centred interventions for CCD across the recovery continuum. International evidence-based practice recommendations are in place for CCD assessment and management. Barriers to accessing SLT expertise for CCD have previously been reported. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This investigation explores the views of a diverse group of stakeholders involved in a single case of a community-dwelling individual with severe TBI. Stakeholders report positive real-world outcomes from SLT interventions for CCD within a coordinated multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. Stakeholder reports also indicate inequities in wider service provision and CCD knowledge gaps amongst professional groups providing rehabilitation services for people with TBI. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? CCDs are under-recognised, with devastating effect for people with CCD and those around them. These findings underscore the importance of raising professional awareness of CCD and best practice recommendations, in order to improve access to SLT expertise for people with CCD following TBI.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quality of Life ; Communication Disorders/etiology ; Communication Disorders/therapy ; Communication ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; Cognition ; Speech Therapy/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1415919-3
    ISSN 1460-6984 ; 1368-2822
    ISSN (online) 1460-6984
    ISSN 1368-2822
    DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12839
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  5. Article ; Online: Experiences of Physical Activity, Healthy Eating and Quality of Life During and Following Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Postpartum Women.

    Hanley, Stephanie J / Varley, Ian / Sale, Craig / Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J

    Maternal and child health journal

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 1968–1980

    Abstract: ... 5.2 years old, BMI 30.4 ± 3.5 kg·m: Discussion: Postpartum women with overweight and obesity ...

    Abstract Objectives: This retrospective study explored the experiences of women with overweight or obesity regarding physical activity, diet and quality of life leading up to, during, and following pregnancy.
    Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, whereby data collected through semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Throughout the interviews, individuals were asked to describe their barriers to a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy.
    Results: Ten women (34.5 ± 5.2 years old, BMI 30.4 ± 3.5 kg·m
    Discussion: Postpartum women with overweight and obesity experience many barriers when attempting to engage in a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy. These findings can be used to inform the design and delivery of future lifestyle interventions in this population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339905-6
    ISSN 1573-6628 ; 1092-7875
    ISSN (online) 1573-6628
    ISSN 1092-7875
    DOI 10.1007/s10995-023-03684-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Partial entropy decomposition reveals higher-order information structures in human brain activity.

    Varley, Thomas F / Pope, Maria / Puxeddu, Maria Grazia / Faskowitz, Joshua / Sporns, Olaf

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 30, Page(s) e2300888120

    Abstract: The standard approach to modeling the human brain as a complex system is with a network, where the basic unit of interaction is a pairwise link between two brain regions. While powerful, this approach is limited by the inability to assess higher-order ... ...

    Abstract The standard approach to modeling the human brain as a complex system is with a network, where the basic unit of interaction is a pairwise link between two brain regions. While powerful, this approach is limited by the inability to assess higher-order interactions involving three or more elements directly. In this work, we explore a method for capturing higher-order dependencies in multivariate data: the partial entropy decomposition (PED). Our approach decomposes the joint entropy of the whole system into a set of nonnegative atoms that describe the redundant, unique, and synergistic interactions that compose the system's structure. PED gives insight into the mathematics of functional connectivity and its limitation. When applied to resting-state fMRI data, we find robust evidence of higher-order synergies that are largely invisible to standard functional connectivity analyses. Our approach can also be localized in time, allowing a frame-by-frame analysis of how the distributions of redundancies and synergies change over the course of a recording. We find that different ensembles of regions can transiently change from being redundancy-dominated to synergy-dominated and that the temporal pattern is structured in time. These results provide strong evidence that there exists a large space of unexplored structures in human brain data that have been largely missed by a focus on bivariate network connectivity models. This synergistic structure is dynamic in time and likely will illuminate interesting links between brain and behavior. Beyond brain-specific application, the PED provides a very general approach for understanding higher-order structures in a variety of complex systems.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Entropy ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Rest
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2300888120
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  7. Article ; Online: Co-evolving dynamics and topology in a coupled oscillator model of resting brain function.

    Pope, Maria / Seguin, Caio / Varley, Thomas F / Faskowitz, Joshua / Sporns, Olaf

    NeuroImage

    2023  Volume 277, Page(s) 120266

    Abstract: Dynamic models of ongoing BOLD fMRI brain dynamics and models of communication strategies have been two important approaches to understanding how brain network structure constrains function. However, dynamic models have yet to widely incorporate one of ... ...

    Abstract Dynamic models of ongoing BOLD fMRI brain dynamics and models of communication strategies have been two important approaches to understanding how brain network structure constrains function. However, dynamic models have yet to widely incorporate one of the most important insights from communication models: the brain may not use all of its connections in the same way or at the same time. Here we present a variation of a phase delayed Kuramoto coupled oscillator model that dynamically limits communication between nodes on each time step. An active subgraph of the empirically derived anatomical brain network is chosen in accordance with the local dynamic state on every time step, thus coupling dynamics and network structure in a novel way. We analyze this model with respect to its fit to empirical time-averaged functional connectivity, finding that, with the addition of only one parameter, it significantly outperforms standard Kuramoto models with phase delays. We also perform analyses on the novel time series of active edges it produces, demonstrating a slowly evolving topology moving through intermittent episodes of integration and segregation. We hope to demonstrate that the exploration of novel modeling mechanisms and the investigation of dynamics of networks in addition to dynamics on networks may advance our understanding of the relationship between brain structure and function.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120266
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  8. Article ; Online: Substituting carbohydrate at lunch for added protein increases fat oxidation during subsequent exercise in healthy males.

    Slater, Tommy / Mode, William J A / Bonnard, Louise C / Sweeney, Cian / Funnell, Mark P / Smith, Harry A / Hough, John / James, Ruth M / Varley, Ian / Sale, Craig / Betts, James A / James, Lewis J / Clayton, David J

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2024  

    Abstract: Context: How pre-exercise meal composition influences metabolic and health responses to exercise later in the day is currently unclear.: Objective: Examine the effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein at lunch on subsequent exercise ... ...

    Abstract Context: How pre-exercise meal composition influences metabolic and health responses to exercise later in the day is currently unclear.
    Objective: Examine the effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein at lunch on subsequent exercise metabolism, appetite, and energy intake.
    Methods: Twelve healthy males completed three trials in randomized, counterbalanced order. Following a standardized breakfast (779 ± 66 kcal; ∼08:15), participants consumed a lunch (1186 ± 140 kcal; ∼13:15) containing either 0.2 g·kg-1 carbohydrate and ∼2 g·kg-1 protein (LO-CARB), 2 g·kg-1 carbohydrate and ∼0.4 g·kg-1 protein (HI-CARB), or fasted (FAST). Participants later cycled at ∼60% V̇O2peak for 1 h (∼16:15) and post-exercise ad-libitum energy intake was measured (∼18:30). Substrate oxidation, subjective appetite, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and acylated ghrelin (AG) were measured for 5 h post-lunch.
    Results: Fat oxidation was greater during FAST (+11.66 ± 6.63 g) and LO-CARB (+8.00 ± 3.83 g) than HI-CARB (p < 0.001), with FAST greater than LO-CARB (+3.67 ± 5.07 g; p < 0.05). NEFA were lowest in HI-CARB and highest in FAST, with insulin demonstrating the inverse response (all p < 0.01). PYY and GLP-1 demonstrated a stepwise pattern, with LO-CARB greatest and FAST lowest (all p < 0.01). AG was lower during HI-CARB and LO-CARB versus FAST (p < 0.01). Energy intake in LO-CARB was lower than FAST (-383 ± 233 kcal; p < 0.001) and HI-CARB (-313 ± 284 kcal; p < 0.001).
    Conclusion: Substituting carbohydrate for protein in a pre-exercise lunch increased fat oxidation, suppressed subjective and hormonal appetite, and reduced post-exercise energy intake.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgae237
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  9. Article ; Online: Combined Turmeric, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D Ready-to-Drink Supplements Reduce Upper Respiratory Illness Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Discomfort in Elite Male Football Players.

    Clayton, David J / Burbeary, Ross / Parker, Connor / James, Ruth M / Saward, Chris / Procter, Eleanor L / Mode, William J A / Baker, Carla / Hough, John / Williams, Neil C / Rossington, Harry / Varley, Ian

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 2

    Abstract: Elite football is associated with the increased risk of illness, although targeted supplementation can reduce illness risk. This study assessed the effects of a supplement containing turmeric root within a black pepper and fat-soluble blend, vitamin C ... ...

    Abstract Elite football is associated with the increased risk of illness, although targeted supplementation can reduce illness risk. This study assessed the effects of a supplement containing turmeric root within a black pepper and fat-soluble blend, vitamin C and vitamin D, on upper respiratory symptoms (URS), gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), muscle soreness, and markers of inflammation and gut permeability in elite male footballers. Twenty-three footballers completed 3 weeks of no intervention (CON), followed by 16 weeks of daily consuming 60 mL of a commercially available supplement containing raw turmeric root (17.5 g, estimated to contain 700 mg of curcumin), vitamin C (1000 mg), and vitamin D3 (3000 IU/75 mcg) (SUP). URS and GIS were measured daily. Immediately (0 h), 40, and 64 h after six competitive matches (two in CON, four in SUP), the subjective soreness and plasma concentrations of creatine kinase [CK], c-reactive protein [CRP], and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein [I-FABP] were assessed. URS incidence (
    MeSH term(s) Ascorbic Acid ; Football ; Curcuma ; Vitamins ; Dietary Supplements ; Vitamin D ; C-Reactive Protein ; Creatine Kinase
    Chemical Substances Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R) ; Vitamins ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Creatine Kinase (EC 2.7.3.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16020243
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  10. Article ; Online: Success of the US Veterans Health Administration's Hepatitis C Virus Care Continuum in the Direct-acting Antiviral Era.

    Varley, Cara D / Lowy, Elliott / Cartwright, Emily J / Morgan, Timothy R / Ross, David B / Rozenberg-Ben-Dror, Karine / Beste, Lauren A / Maier, Marissa M

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Estimated hepatitis C prevalence within the Veterans Health Administration is higher than the general population and is a risk factor for advanced liver disease and subsequent complications. We describe the hepatitis C care continuum within ... ...

    Abstract Background: Estimated hepatitis C prevalence within the Veterans Health Administration is higher than the general population and is a risk factor for advanced liver disease and subsequent complications. We describe the hepatitis C care continuum within the Veterans Health Administration January 1, 2014-December 31, 2022.
    Methods: We included individuals in Veterans Health Administration care 2021-2022 who were eligible for direct-acting antiviral treatment January 1, 2014-December 31, 2022. We evaluated the proportion of Veterans who progressed through each step of the hepatitis C care continuum, and identified factors associated with initiating direct-acting antivirals, achieving sustained virologic response, and repeat hepatitis C viremia.
    Results: We identified 133,732 Veterans with hepatitis C viremia. Hepatitis C treatment was initiated in 107,134 (80.1%), with sustained virologic response achieved in 98,136 (91.6%). In those who achieved sustained virologic response, 1,097 (1.1%) had repeat viremia and 579 (52.8%) were retreated for hepatitis C. Veterans of younger ages were less likely to initiate treatment and achieve sustained virologic response, and more likely to have repeat viremia. Stimulant use and unstable housing were negatively associated with each step of the hepatitis C care continuum.
    Conclusions: The Veterans Health Administration has treated 80% of Veterans with hepatitis C in care 2021-2022 and achieved sustained virologic response in more than 90% of those treated. Repeat viremia is rare and is associated with younger age, unstable housing, opioid use, and stimulant use. Ongoing efforts are needed to reach younger Veterans, and Veterans with unstable housing or substance use disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciae025
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