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Article ; Online: Stigmatizing Attitudes towards Mental Illness among University Students: a Comparative Study with the General Population.

Atienza-Carbonell, Beatriz / Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent / Bermejo-Franco, Alberto / Carrascosa-Iranzo, Laura

2024

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to compare stigmatizing attitudes, reported and intended behavior, and knowledge of mental illness between university students and the general population.: Methods: An online cross-sectional observational study was ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study is to compare stigmatizing attitudes, reported and intended behavior, and knowledge of mental illness between university students and the general population. Methods: An online cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The survey included socio-demographic data and validated stigma questionnaires (AQ-27, RIBS, and MAKS). Descriptive, bivariate analyses and multiple regression modeling were employed to analyze the data. Results: A total of 506 participants completed the survey, including 226 (44.7%) university students (61.1% women) and 280 (55.3%) individuals from the general population (69.3% women). For both groups, women and individuals who had lived with someone with mental health problems exhibited more positive attitudes (p < 0.05). University students reported greater knowledge of mental illness (p < 0.05) than the general population. After controlling for covariates, university students only scored higher than the general population in the blame factor of AQ-27 (p < 0.05). Additionally, older participants from both groups exhibited higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes compared to those of a younger age. Conclusion: These findings suggest that university students exhibit similar levels of stigmatizing attitudes to the general population. Among both groups, female sex, older age, previous contact with individuals with mental illness, and greater knowledge of mental health are all associated with less stigma toward people with mental illness. Tailored interventions grounded in contact with mental illness have the potential to help reduce stigmatizing attitudes within both groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2708374-3
ISSN	2238-0019 ; 2238-0019
ISSN (online)	2238-0019
ISSN	2238-0019
DOI	10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0708
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Article ; Online: Lifestyle Prescription for Depression with a Focus on Nature Exposure and Screen Time: A Narrative Review.

Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent / Cervera-Martínez, Jose

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 9

Abstract: Recent lifestyles changes have favored increased time in contact with screens and a parallel reduction in contact with natural environments. There is growing awareness that nature exposure and screen time are related to depression. So far, the roles of ... ...

Abstract	Recent lifestyles changes have favored increased time in contact with screens and a parallel reduction in contact with natural environments. There is growing awareness that nature exposure and screen time are related to depression. So far, the roles of how these environmental lifestyles affect depressive symptoms and disorders have not been reviewed simultaneously. The aim of this review was to gather the literature regarding the role of nature exposure and screen time in depression. An emphasis was made on clinical samples of patients with well-defined depression and the different methodological approaches used in the field. A second goal was to suggest an agenda for clinical practice and research. Studies were included if they assessed depressive symptoms in patients with a clinical diagnosis of depression. An overview of the published literature was conducted using three scientific databases up to December 2021. Several interventions involving nature exposure have shown positive effects on depressive symptoms and mood-related measures. The most consistent finding suggests that walks in natural environments may decrease depressive symptoms in patients with clinical depression. Less researched interventions, such as psychotherapy delivered in a forest or access to natural environments via virtual reality, may also be effective. In contrast, fewer observational studies and no experimental research on screen time have been conducted in patients with clinical depression. Thus, recommendations for practice and research are also discussed. Scarce research, diverse interventions, and several methodological shortcomings prevent us from drawing conclusions in this area. More high-quality experimental research is needed to establish interventions with proven efficacy in clinical depression. At this stage, it is too early to formulate practice guidelines and advise the prescription of these lifestyles to individuals with depression. The present findings may serve as a basis to develop strategies based on nature exposure and screen time targeting clinical depression.
MeSH term(s)	Depression/therapy ; Humans ; Life Style ; Prescriptions ; Psychotherapy ; Screen Time
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19095094
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Book ; Online: Review for "COVID‐19‐related self‐harm and suicidality among individuals with mental disorders"

Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent

2020

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
DOI	10.1111/acps.13214/v1/review1
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Article ; Online: A "patient as educator" intervention: Reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among medical students.

Atienza-Carbonell, Beatriz / Hernández-Évole, Helena / Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 1020929

Abstract: Introduction: This pre-post quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to assess the degree of stigma toward mental illness and whether a single, direct-contact "patient as educator" intervention with people with mental illness can reduce the degree of stigma ...

Abstract	Introduction: This pre-post quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to assess the degree of stigma toward mental illness and whether a single, direct-contact "patient as educator" intervention with people with mental illness can reduce the degree of stigma among medical students. Methods: All second-year medical students from the University of Valencia were invited to voluntarily complete the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI), Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), and Mental Health Knowledge Scale (MAKS) questionnaires before and after participating in the formal medical psychology course. A "patient as educator" workshop with expert patients was organized in the middle of the semester. A total of 127 students completed the survey; 20 students participated in the workshop (workshop group), and the remaining 107 students only took the formal educational course, forming the control group. Results: At baseline, the groups were demographically matched and did not differ in the components of stigma or knowledge of mental illness. After the intervention, a greater reduction in the CAMI subscales of authoritarianism and social restriction was observed in the workshop group than in the control group. In the workshop group, scores for the benevolence subscale of the CAMI decreased more among women than men. In the control group, scores for the authoritarianism and benevolence subscales of the CAMI increased and decreased significantly more, respectively, in women than men. No significant changes were observed in scores for the RIBS at post-intervention in either group. Discussion: The results of this pilot study suggest that a brief, direct-contact intervention in addition to formal medical education may further help reduce stigmatizing attitudes during the first years of medical school.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Pilot Projects ; Mental Disorders ; Attitude ; Social Stigma
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020929
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Article ; Online: Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and fermented food supplementation in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Ribera, Carlos / Sánchez-Ortí, Joan Vicent / Clarke, Gerard / Marx, Wolfgang / Mörkl, Sabrina / Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2024 Volume 158, Page(s) 105561

Abstract: The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to identify current evidence regarding these ... ...

Abstract	The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to identify current evidence regarding these interventions in the treatment of patients with DSM/ICD psychiatric diagnoses. Forty-seven articles from 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed in all included studies. Major depression was the most studied disorder (n = 19 studies). Studies frequently focused on schizophrenia (n = 11) and bipolar disorder (n = 5) and there were limited studies in anorexia nervosa (n = 4), ADHD (n = 3), Tourette (n = 1), insomnia (n = 1), PTSD (n = 1) and generalized anxiety disorder (n = 1). Except in MDD, current evidence does not clarify the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of mental illness. Several studies point to an improvement in the immune and inflammatory profile (e.g. CRP, IL6), which may be a relevant mechanism of action of the therapeutic response identified in these studies. Future research should consider lifestyle and dietary habits of patients as possible confounders that may influence inter-individual treatment response.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prebiotics ; Synbiotics ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders/therapy
Chemical Substances	Prebiotics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105561
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Zs.A 1371: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Delirium-related psychiatric and neurocognitive impairment and the association with post-intensive care syndrome-A narrative review.

Ramnarain, Dharmanand / Pouwels, Sjaak / Fernández-Gonzalo, Sol / Navarra-Ventura, Guillem / Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica

2023 Volume 147, Issue 5, Page(s) 460–474

Abstract: Introduction: Delirium is common among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and its impact on the neurocognitive and psychiatric state of survivors is of great interest. These new-onset or worsening conditions, together with physical ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Delirium is common among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and its impact on the neurocognitive and psychiatric state of survivors is of great interest. These new-onset or worsening conditions, together with physical alterations, are called post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Our aim is to update on the latest screening and follow-up options for psychological and cognitive sequelae of PICS. Method: This narrative review discusses the occurrence of delirium in ICU settings and the relatively new concept of PICS. Psychiatric and neurocognitive morbidities that may occur in survivors of critical illness following delirium are addressed. Future perspectives for practice and research are discussed. Results: There is no "gold standard" for diagnosing delirium in the ICU, but two extensively validated tools, the confusion assessment method for the ICU and the intensive care delirium screening checklist, are often used. PICS complaints are frequent in ICU survivors who have suffered delirium and have been recognized as an important public health and socio-economic problem worldwide. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and long-term cognitive impairment are recurrently exhibited. Screening tools for these deficits are discussed, as well as the suggestion of early assessment after discharge and at 3 and 12 months. Conclusions: Delirium is a complex but common phenomenon in the ICU and a risk factor for PICS. Its diagnosis is challenging with potential long-term adverse outcomes, including psychiatric and cognitive difficulties. The implementation of screening and follow-up protocols for PICS sequelae is warranted to ensure early detection and appropriate management.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Critical Illness/psychology ; Intensive Care Units ; Critical Care/methods ; Critical Care/psychology ; Delirium/diagnosis ; Delirium/epidemiology ; Delirium/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	103-x
ISSN	1600-0447 ; 0001-690X
ISSN (online)	1600-0447
ISSN	0001-690X
DOI	10.1111/acps.13534
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Article ; Online: Changes on risky drinking after the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil: results from three consecutive web surveys.

Lage, Luisa Alencar Santos / Erthal, Fátima Smith / Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo / Bastos, Aline Furtado / Balanzá-Martinez, Vicent / Kapczinski, Flavio / De Boni, Raquel B

Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Risky drinking (RD) is associated with an increased risk of chronic and infectious diseases, injuries, and violence. This study aimed to assess changes in risky drinking (RD) in Brazil after COVID-19 outbreak, both overall and among ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Risky drinking (RD) is associated with an increased risk of chronic and infectious diseases, injuries, and violence. This study aimed to assess changes in risky drinking (RD) in Brazil after COVID-19 outbreak, both overall and among individuals with self-reported chronic diseases and mental health disorders. Methods: We conducted three independent, anonymous web surveys in Brazil including adult participants: S1 (April/2020, n=19,257), S2 (August/2020, n=1,590), and S3 (January/2021, n=859). Participants were recruited through adapted snowball sampling and sponsored social network advertisements. RD was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Concise, designed to identify individuals at risk of alcohol-related problems. Logistic regression analyses with bootstrapping (B=2,000) were performed, with stratification by sex, age, education, employment, household size, and the presence of chronic and mental health conditions, as well as lifestyle factors, to address sample imbalances. Results: The estimated prevalence of RD was 45.8% [95%CI 45.5, 46.1] in S1, 35.3% [95%CI 34.9, 35.6] in S2, and 33.7% [95%CI 33.3, 34.0] in S3. Participants with chronic diseases consistently presented lower RD prevalence across all three surveys, compared to those without such conditions. Conversely, individuals with mental health disorders presented higher RD prevalence than those without such diagnoses in S1 and S2, but not in S3. Discussion: Despite the decrease in RD prevalence, monitoring of alcohol consumption trends remains essential for shaping effective public health policies. Additionally, the observed variations among individuals reporting chronic and mental health disorders highlight the need for targeted interventions in future crises.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2708374-3
ISSN	2238-0019 ; 2238-0019
ISSN (online)	2238-0019
ISSN	2238-0019
DOI	10.47626/2237-6089-2023-0686
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Article ; Online: Screening of substance use and mental health problems among Spanish medical students: A multicenter study.

Atienza-Carbonell, B / Guillén, V / Irigoyen-Otiñano, M / Balanzá-Martínez, V

Journal of affective disorders

2022 Volume 311, Page(s) 391–398

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance consumption and mental health problems among Spanish medical students, and their association with sociodemographic factors.: Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance consumption and mental health problems among Spanish medical students, and their association with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted. Self-reported data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected, including BDI-II, PHQ-9, brief STAI, and single-item academic burnout (IUBA). Results: Overall, 1265 students (74.2% female) completed the survey. Of them, 37.4% scored positive for depressive symptoms, as measured by the BDI-II, and more than half (53%) by the PHQ-9. Suicidal ideation was reported by about 12% whilst high levels of state and trait anxiety were informed by 28.8% and 29.4% of the students. The prevalence of burnout was 40.2%. Female and pre-clinical students reported significantly (p < 0.01) higher rates of depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms. Alcohol, energy drinks, and tobacco were the most frequently used substances. Total scores of self-reported mental health problems negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with objective academic results and positively correlated (p < 0.02) with the number of substances consumed in the last 30 days. Limitations: Research-based on self-reported data could favour information bias due to the social desirability effect and memory error. Conclusions: A high prevalence of substance consumption and several mental health problems was found among medical students, especially females. The relevant influence of academic-related factors on students' well-being may be a call for medical schools to implement initiatives aimed to improve students' ability to detect, address, and seek help for their mental health issues.
MeSH term(s)	Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.090
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Zs.A 1485: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among Spanish medical students.

Atienza-Carbonell, Beatriz / Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent

Actas espanolas de psiquiatria

2020 Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 154–162

Abstract: Introduction: Several international studies show high rates of depression and suicidal ideation in medical students. However, no specific data is available in Spanish students. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Several international studies show high rates of depression and suicidal ideation in medical students. However, no specific data is available in Spanish students. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the Faculty of Medicine of Valencia, as well as its relationship with other variables of interest. Methods: In April 2018, all students enrolled in the Medical Degree of the University of Valencia were invited to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The students participated voluntarily and the answers were anonymized. Results: A total of 858 students (69.2% women) completed the survey (response rate of 44.7%). More than a third of the sample (39.1%) had depressive symptoms, of mild to severe intensity, while 15.8% of the students reported recent suicidal ideation. Significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms were found in women, as well as in those with a worse satisfaction with academic results, a greater perception of the need for psychological support due to recent mental health problems and in those who had ever consulted with health professionals for a mental health problem (29.4%). Conclusions: These results are consistent with the prevalence of depression in medical students from other countries and suggest comparative studies in other Spanish universities. Medical schools should incorporate interventions to provide students with tools that improve their mental health.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personal Satisfaction ; Prevalence ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Spain/epidemiology ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Suicidal Ideation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	1480971-0
ISSN	1578-2735 ; 1575-071X ; 1139-9287
ISSN (online)	1578-2735
ISSN	1575-071X ; 1139-9287
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Article: Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: challenges and opportunities in the COVID-19 times.

Sarramea, Fernando / Jaen-Moreno, Maria José / Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent

Adicciones

2021 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 175–176

Title translation	Dejar de fumar en el trastorno mental grave: desafíos y oportunidades en tiempos de la COVID-1.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/psychology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Pandemics ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2021-03-31
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2018873-0
ISSN	0214-4840
ISSN	0214-4840
DOI	10.20882/adicciones.1579
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