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Article ; Online: Group orientation and social order versus disorder: Perspective of outsiders toward experimental chains of social hermit crabs

Steele, Elliott P. / Laidre, Mark E.

Ethology. 2023 July, v. 129, no. 7 p.344-355

2023

Abstract: ... which we arranged to be either socially ordered or disordered (i.e., all members arranged in order of size vs ...

Abstract	Social organisms form groups with diverse configurations. While the dynamics within social groups have been explored extensively, the perspective of individuals outside of groups has been considered less. Here, we studied social hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) and experimentally tested the perspective of “outsiders”—individuals that were not yet part of a group but were actively searching for a group to join. Using architectural arrays of shells, we simulated a natural social structure—a “social chain”—in which all group members piggyback in sequence. We then tested how outsiders perceived experimentally simulated social chains, which we varied in orientation (horizontal vs. vertical) and which we arranged to be either socially ordered or disordered (i.e., all members arranged in order of size vs. randomly). Outsiders were more attracted to horizontally vs. vertically oriented chains, consistent with a specialization for detecting groups along the horizon. Outsiders were also more attracted to the long rather than the short side of horizontally oriented chains, consistent with the greater perceptual salience of the long side. Finally, outsiders were only marginally capable of determining where they belonged within groups—in terms of size matching—for ordered chains; and they showed no such capability for disordered chains. Broadly, our experiments suggest that a group's configuration, including both its orientation and social ordering, influences outsiders' perceptions and decisions.
Keywords	Paguroidea ; animal behavior ; social class ; testing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Size	p. 344-355.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	633469-6
ISSN	0179-1613
ISSN	0179-1613
DOI	10.1111/eth.13372
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Article: Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle.

Stephen, Melissa A / Burke, Chris R / Pryce, Jennie E / Steele, Nicole M / Amer, Peter R / Meier, Susanne / Phyn, Claire V C / Garrick, Dorian J

Journal of animal science and biotechnology

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 119

Abstract: Background: Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures, especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure precisely. Examples include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status, or lifespan. Incomplete ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures, especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure precisely. Examples include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status, or lifespan. Incomplete measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-, interval- and right-censoring, where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound, between a lower and upper bound, or above a lower bound respectively. Here we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation (> 1 ng/mL) in blood plasma progesterone (AGEP4), which generally coincides with onset of puberty, as an example trait. Methods: We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein-Friesian or Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving, pasture-based herds in New Zealand. We used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios, increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three visits. Three methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored: 1) ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis; 2) continuous variables, with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes; and 3) continuous variables, sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation approach. Results: Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios, but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was reduced. For sires with at least 5 daughters, the correlations between estimated breeding values (EBVs) from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method, ranging from 0.65 to 0.95. The estimated breed effects also varied by method, but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring increased. Conclusion: Our results indicate that using some methods, phenotypes derived from one observation per offspring for a time-dependent trait such as AGEP4 may provide comparable sire rankings to three observations per offspring. This has implications for the design of large-scale phenotyping initiatives where animal breeders aim to estimate variance parameters and estimated breeding values (EBVs) for phenotypes that are challenging to measure or prohibitively expensive.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2630162-3
ISSN	2049-1891 ; 1674-9782
ISSN (online)	2049-1891
ISSN	1674-9782
DOI	10.1186/s40104-023-00921-5
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Article ; Online: Genome-Wide Association Study of age at puberty and its (co)variances with fertility and stature in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle.

Stephen, M A / Burke, C R / Steele, N / Pryce, J E / Meier, S / Amer, P R / Phyn, C V C / Garrick, D J

Journal of dairy science

2023

Abstract: Reproductive performance is a key determinant of cow longevity in a pasture-based, seasonal dairy system. Unfortunately, direct fertility phenotypes such as inter-calving interval or pregnancy rate tend to have low heritabilities and occur relatively ... ...

Abstract	Reproductive performance is a key determinant of cow longevity in a pasture-based, seasonal dairy system. Unfortunately, direct fertility phenotypes such as inter-calving interval or pregnancy rate tend to have low heritabilities and occur relatively late in an animal's life. In contrast, age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable, early-in-life trait, that may be estimated using an animal's age at first measured elevation in blood plasma progesterone (AGEP4) concentrations. Understanding the genetic architecture of AGEP4 in addition to genetic relationships between AGEP4 and fertility traits in lactating cows is important, as is its relationship with body size in the growing animal. Thus, the objectives of this research were 3-fold. First, to estimate the genetic and phenotypic (co)variances between AGEP4 and subsequent fertility during first and second lactations. Second, to quantify the associations between AGEP4 and height, length, and body weight (BW) measured when animals were around 11 mo old (SD = 0.5). Third, to identify genomic regions that are likely to be associated with variation in AGEP4. We measured AGEP4, height, length, and BW in around 5,000 Holstein-Friesian or Holstein-Friesian x Jersey crossbred yearling heifers, across 54 pasture-based herds managed in seasonal calving farm systems. We also obtained calving rate (CR42: success or failure to calve within the first 42 d of the seasonal calving period), breeding rate (PB21: success or failure to be presented for breeding within the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period) and pregnancy rate (PR42: success or failure to become pregnant within the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period) phenotypes from their first and second lactations. The animals were genotyped using the Weatherby's Versa 50K SNP array (Illumina, USA). The estimated heritabilities of AGEP4, height, length, and BW were 0.34 (0.30, 0.37), 0.28 (0.25, 0.31), 0.21 (0.18, 0.23), and 0.33 (0.30, 0.36), respectively. In contrast, the heritabilities of CR42, PB21 and PR42 were all < 0.05 in both first and second lactations. The genetic correlations between AGEP4 and these fertility traits were generally moderate ranging from 0.11 to 0.60, whereas genetic correlations between AGEP4 and yearling body conformation traits ranged from 0.02 to 0.28. Our genome wide association study (GWAS) highlighted a genomic window on chromosome 5 that was strongly associated with variation in AGEP4. We also identified 4 regions, located on chromosomes 14, 6, 1 and 11 (in order of decreasing importance), that exhibited suggestive associations with AGEP4. Our results show that AGEP4 is a reasonable predictor of estimated breeding values (EBVs) for fertility traits in lactating cows. While the GWAS provided insights into genetic mechanisms underpinning AGEP4, further work is required to test genomic predictions of fertility that use this information.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2023-23963
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Article ; Online: Genome-wide association study of anogenital distance and its (co)variances with fertility in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle.

Stephen, M A / Burke, C R / Steele, N / Pryce, J E / Meier, S / Amer, P R / Phyn, C V C / Garrick, D J

Journal of dairy science

2023 Volume 106, Issue 11, Page(s) 7846–7860

Abstract: Anogenital distance (AGD) is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured at a young age that may provide an opportunity to indirectly select for improved fertility in dairy cattle. In this study, we characterized AGD and its genetic and phenotypic ... ...

Abstract	Anogenital distance (AGD) is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured at a young age that may provide an opportunity to indirectly select for improved fertility in dairy cattle. In this study, we characterized AGD and its genetic and phenotypic relationships with a range of body stature and fertility traits. We measured AGD, shoulder height, body length, and body weight in a population of 5,010 Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbred heifers at approximately 11 mo of age (AGD1). These animals were born in 2018 across 54 seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy herds. A second measure of AGD was collected in a subset of herds (n = 17; 1,956 animals) when the animals averaged 29 mo of age (AGD2). Fertility measures included age at puberty (AGEP), then time of calving, breeding, and pregnancy during the first and second lactations. We constructed binary traits reflecting the animal's ability to calve during the first 42 d of their herd's seasonal calving period (CR42), be presented for breeding during the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period (PB21) and become pregnant during the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period (PR42). The posterior mean of sampled heritabilities for AGD1 was 0.23, with 90% of samples falling within a credibility interval (90% CRI) of 0.20 to 0.26, whereas the heritability of AGD2 was 0.29 (90% CRI 0.24 to 0.34). The relationship between AGD1 and AGD2 was highly positive, with a genetic correlation of 0.89 (90% CRI 0.82 to 0.94). Using a GWAS analysis of 2,460 genomic windows based on 50k genotype data, we detected a region on chromosome 20 that was highly associated with variation in AGD1, and a second region on chromosome 13 that was moderately associated with variation in AGD1. We did not detect any genomic regions associated with AGD2 which was measured in fewer animals. The genetic correlation between AGD1 and AGEP was 0.10 (90% CRI 0.00 to 0.19), whereas the genetic correlation between AGD2 and AGEP was 0.30 (90% CRI 0.15 to 0.44). The timing of calving, breeding, and pregnancy (CR42, PB21, and PR42) during first or second lactations exhibited moderate genetic relationships with AGD1 (0.19 to 0.52) and AGD2 (0.46 to 0.63). Genetic correlations between AGD and body stature traits were weak (≤0.16). We conclude that AGD is a moderately heritable trait, which may have value as an early-in-life genetic predictor for reproductive success during lactation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2023-23427
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Article ; Online: Which Videofluoroscopy Parameters Are Susceptible to the Influence of Differences in Barium Product and Concentration?

Steele, Catriona M / Barrett, Emily / Peladeau-Pigeon, Melanie

American journal of speech-language pathology

2022 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 2145–2158

Abstract: ... weight-to-volume (w/v) barium prepared with E-Z-HD powder, and two sips each of 20%w/v and 40%w/v barium ... In all cases, smaller values were seen with the 20%w/v E-Z-HD stimulus; however, this stimulus had questionable ... for videofluoroscopy (i.e., Bracco Varibar) is not available globally. Our aim was to identify differences in healthy ...

Abstract	Purpose: Prior studies suggest there may be differences in videofluoroscopic measures of swallowing across different barium concentrations. Whether different barium products of identical concentration result in similar swallowing physiology remains unknown. This is important, as barium intended for videofluoroscopy (i.e., Bracco Varibar) is not available globally. Our aim was to identify differences in healthy swallowing across five different barium stimuli. Method: Twenty healthy adults (10 women), aged 22-54 years, underwent videofluoroscopy including comfortable sips of thin liquid barium: two sips of 20% weight-to-volume (w/v) barium prepared with E-Z-HD powder, and two sips each of 20%w/v and 40%w/v barium prepared with Liquid Polibar Plus and E-Z-Paque powder. Recordings were analyzed according to the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing Method. Measures of timing, kinematics and residue were obtained. Chi-square, Friedman's, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test were used to identify differences across stimuli. Results: Significant differences were seen across barium stimuli for upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening duration, UES diameter, pharyngeal area at maximum constriction, and residue. In all cases, smaller values were seen with the 20%w/v E-Z-HD stimulus; however, this stimulus had questionable opacity for visualization. Patterns of residue severity were not explained by barium concentration. Conclusions: This study confirms that some measures of swallowing are influenced by barium product and/or concentration. Measures are not necessarily similar across different barium products at the same concentration. This study illustrates the importance of using standard and appropriate stimuli in videofluoroscopy, and for clinicians to report not only the product but also the concentration of stimuli used. Supplemental material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20669712.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Barium ; Barium Sulfate ; Cineradiography ; Deglutition/physiology ; Deglutition Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Powders
Chemical Substances	Powders ; Barium (24GP945V5T) ; Barium Sulfate (25BB7EKE2E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1154406-5
ISSN	1558-9110 ; 1058-0360
ISSN (online)	1558-9110
ISSN	1058-0360
DOI	10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00017
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Article ; Online: Protein-Protein interactive networks identified in bronchoalveolar lavage of severe compared to nonsevere asthma.

Hastie, Annette T / Bishop, Andrew C / Khan, Mohammad S / Bleecker, Eugene R / Castro, Mario / Denlinger, Loren C / Erzurum, Serpil C / Fahy, John V / Israel, Elliot / Levy, Bruce D / Mauger, David T / Meyers, Deborah A / Moore, Wendy C / Ortega, Victor E / Peters, Stephen P / Wenzel, Sally E / Steele, Chad H

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

2024 Volume 54, Issue 4, Page(s) 265–277

Abstract: Introduction: Previous bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) proteomic analysis has evaluated limited numbers of subjects for only a few proteins of interest, which may differ between asthma and normal controls. Our objective was to examine a more ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Previous bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) proteomic analysis has evaluated limited numbers of subjects for only a few proteins of interest, which may differ between asthma and normal controls. Our objective was to examine a more comprehensive inflammatory biomarker panel in quantitative proteomic analysis for a large asthma cohort to identify molecular phenotypes distinguishing severe from nonsevere asthma. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 48 severe and 77 nonsevere adult asthma subjects were assessed for 75 inflammatory proteins, normalized to BALF total protein concentration. Validation of BALF differences was sought through equivalent protein analysis of autologous sputum. Subjects' data, stratified by asthma severity, were analysed by standard statistical tests, principal component analysis and 5 machine learning algorithms. Results: The severe group had lower lung function and greater health care utilization. Significantly increased BALF proteins for severe asthma compared to nonsevere asthma were fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), TGFα, IL1Ra, IL2, IL4, CCL8, CCL13 and CXCL7 and significantly decreased were platelet-derived growth factor a-a dimer (PDGFaa), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 5 (IL5), CCL17, CCL22, CXCL9 and CXCL10. Four protein differences were replicated in sputum. FGF2, PDGFaa and CXCL7 were independently identified by 5 machine learning algorithms as the most important variables for discriminating severe and nonsevere asthma. Increased and decreased proteins identified for the severe cluster showed significant protein-protein interactions for chemokine and cytokine signalling, growth factor activity, and eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis differing between subjects with severe and nonsevere asthma. Conclusion: These inflammatory protein results confirm altered airway remodelling and cytokine/chemokine activity recruiting leukocytes into the airways of severe compared to nonsevere asthma as important processes even in stable status.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Proteomics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Asthma ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Chemokines ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Chemical Substances	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (103107-01-3) ; Cytokines ; Chemokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645204-8
ISSN	1365-2222 ; 0954-7894 ; 0960-2178
ISSN (online)	1365-2222
ISSN	0954-7894 ; 0960-2178
DOI	10.1111/cea.14447
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Article ; Online: Adaptive cellular evolution or cellular system drift in hares

Palsson, Arnar / Steele, Sarah Elizabeth

Molecular Ecology. 2023 Aug., v. 32, no. 15 p.4093-4096

2023

Abstract: ... positive selection can alter basal metabolic rate, activity levels and life‐history traits (e.g., life span ...

Abstract	Adaptations occur at many levels, for example, from DNA sequence of regulatory elements and cellular homeostatic systems to organismal physiology and behaviour (Mayr, 1997). Established adaptations are maintained by purifying and stabilizing selection. Students of animal diversity tend to focus on higher order traits, anatomy, physiology, organismal function and interactions. The core cellular and metabolic systems of metazoans evolved early in their history and are assumed to be rather similar between groups. The housekeeping functions and core metabolic functions of cells are generally considered relatively static, especially among closely related species. The extent to which evolution shapes core cellular metabolism and physiology in animals is largely unexplored. Ecological opportunities or strong positive selection can alter basal metabolic rate, activity levels and life‐history traits (e.g., life span, age of maturity, offspring number) and potentially lead to divergence in core cellular and metabolic trait systems (Norin & Metcalfe, 2019; Speakman, 2005). Furthermore, systems under stabilizing selection can also change. Developmental systems of related species may produce the same phenotype or structure, but experience drift that can alter connections and even lead to turnover of cogs in the system (True & Haag, 2001). Are the cellular functions of animals highly constrained, subject to cellular system drift or affected by positive selection? This was tackled by a new study by Kateryna Gaertner and colleagues in a From the Cover manuscript in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Gaertner et al., 2022), using fibroblasts from the closely related but ecologically distinct brown and mountain hares.
Keywords	Animalia ; animals ; basal metabolic rate ; ecology ; evolution ; fibroblasts ; life history ; longevity ; metabolism ; nucleotide sequences ; phenotype ; progeny
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Size	p. 4093-4096.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	News
ZDB-ID	1126687-9
ISSN	1365-294X ; 0962-1083
ISSN (online)	1365-294X
ISSN	0962-1083
DOI	10.1111/mec.17030
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Article ; Online: phox2ba:

MacLean, Jessica E / Wertman, Jaime N / Prykhozhij, Sergey V / Chedrawe, Emily / Langley, Stewart / Steele, Shelby L / Ban, Kevin / Blake, Kim / Berman, Jason N

Genes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5

Abstract: CHARGE syndrome typically results from mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 ( ...

Abstract	CHARGE syndrome typically results from mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CHARGE Syndrome/genetics ; Hypoventilation/genetics ; Hypoventilation/congenital ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Transcription Factors ; Zebrafish Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14051086
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Article ; Online: Current peri-operative imaging concepts surrounding shoulder arthroplasty.

Dekker, Travis J / Steele, J R / Vinson, E V / Garrigues, G E

Skeletal radiology

2019 Volume 48, Issue 10, Page(s) 1485–1497

Abstract: Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative disease that can lead to excruciating pain and debility. End-stage osteoarthritis can be treated by both conservative and surgical interventions. Along with a comprehensive history and physical exam, ...

Abstract	Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative disease that can lead to excruciating pain and debility. End-stage osteoarthritis can be treated by both conservative and surgical interventions. Along with a comprehensive history and physical exam, pre-operative imaging with plain radiographs, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the decision-making process guiding whether the patient undergoes a shoulder hemiarthroplasty, anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, or a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The most important pre-operative imaging factors are the integrity of the rotator cuff and presence of significant glenoid erosion. Imaging is also critical postoperatively, as signs of prosthetic loosening, rotator cuff failure (especially involving the subscapularis), periprosthetic fracture, and stress fractures are important entities to recognize. This article will review pertinent imaging findings related to the pre- and post-operative management of patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
MeSH term(s)	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder/methods ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteoarthritis/surgery ; Perioperative Care/methods ; Radiography/methods ; Shoulder Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Shoulder Joint/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	527592-1
ISSN	1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
ISSN (online)	1432-2161
ISSN	0364-2348
DOI	10.1007/s00256-019-03183-3
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Article ; Online: Survey of Late-Season Soilborne Pathogens Infecting Strawberry in Watsonville-Salinas, California

Steele, Mary E. / Hewavitharana, Shashika S. / Henry, Peter / Goldman, Polly / Holmes, Gerald J.

Plant Health Progress. 2023 Mar., v. 24, no. 1 p.104-109

2023

Abstract: ... phaseolina, Phytophthora spp., and V. dahliae were detected in 23 samples (31.1%), 22 samples (29.7%), 18 ...

Abstract	There are four major soilborne pathogens of strawberries in California, but their distribution and prevalence in the Watsonville-Salinas production district are unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, 74 symptomatic strawberry plant samples were collected from 69 fields in the Watsonville-Salinas growing district between 11 August and 15 October 2021. Each sample consisted of eight plants exhibiting moderate to severe plant collapse. Crown tissue from each plant was excised and pooled for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to detect Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora spp. Root, petiole, and crown tissue from plant samples in which no pathogens were detected by RPA was plated on semiselective media to verify the absence of the four pathogens and screen for other pathogenic fungi. At least one of the four pathogens was detected in 55 of the 74 samples (74.3%). All four of the major soilborne pathogens are prevalent in this growing district, as F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, M. phaseolina, Phytophthora spp., and V. dahliae were detected in 23 samples (31.1%), 22 samples (29.7%), 18 samples (24.3%), and 16 samples (22.0%), respectively. No strong associations were found between the pathogens and growing practices.
Keywords	Fusarium oxysporum ; Macrophomina phaseolina ; Phytophthora ; Verticillium dahliae ; petioles ; plant health ; recombinase polymerase amplification ; strawberries ; surveys ; California ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae ; Fusarium wilt ; Macrophomina charcoal rot ; Macrophomina root rot ; Phytophthora cactorum ; Phytophthora crown and root rot ; RPA ; Verticillium wilt
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 104-109.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1535-1025
DOI	10.1094/PHP-06-22-0056-S
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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