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Article ; Online: Acid-Base Basics.

Romero, Michael F / Rossano, Adam J

2019 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 316–327

Abstract: Although students initially learn of ionic buffering in basic chemistry, buffering and acid-base transport in biology often is relegated to specialized classes, discussions, or situations. That said, for physiology, nephrology, pulmonology, and ... ...

Abstract	Although students initially learn of ionic buffering in basic chemistry, buffering and acid-base transport in biology often is relegated to specialized classes, discussions, or situations. That said, for physiology, nephrology, pulmonology, and anesthesiology, these basic principles often are critically important for mechanistic understanding, medical treatments, and assessing therapy effectiveness. This short introductory perspective focuses on basic chemistry and transport of buffers and acid-base equivalents, provides an outline of basic science acid-base concepts, tools used to monitor intracellular pH, model cellular responses to pH buffer changes, and the more recent development and use of genetically encoded pH-indicators. Examples of newer genetically encoded pH-indicators (pHerry and pHire) are provided, and their use for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments are described. The continued use and development of these basic tools provide increasing opportunities for both basic and potentially clinical investigations.
MeSH term(s)	Acid-Base Equilibrium/physiology ; Animals ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Buffers ; Humans ; Hydrogen/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intracellular Fluid/physiology
Chemical Substances	Buffers ; Hydrogen (7YNJ3PO35Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	604652-6
ISSN	1558-4488 ; 0270-9295
ISSN (online)	1558-4488
ISSN	0270-9295
DOI	10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.04.002
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Article ; Online: Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator.

Rossano, Adam J / Romero, Michael F

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2017 , Issue 126

Abstract: Epithelial ion transport is vital to systemic ion homeostasis as well as maintenance of essential cellular electrochemical gradients. Intracellular pH (pHi) is influenced by many ion transporters and thus monitoring pHi is a useful tool for assessing ... ...

Abstract	Epithelial ion transport is vital to systemic ion homeostasis as well as maintenance of essential cellular electrochemical gradients. Intracellular pH (pHi) is influenced by many ion transporters and thus monitoring pHi is a useful tool for assessing transporter activity. Modern Genetically Encoded pH-Indicators (GEpHIs) provide optical quantification of pHi in intact cells on a cellular and subcellular scale. This protocol describes real-time quantification of cellular pHi regulation in Malpighian Tubules (MTs) of Drosophila melanogaster through ex vivo live-imaging of pHerry, a pseudo-ratiometric GEpHI with a pKa well-suited to track pH changes in the cytosol. Extracted adult fly MTs are composed of morphologically and functionally distinct sections of single-cell layer epithelia, and can serve as an accessible and genetically tractable model for investigation of epithelial transport. GEpHIs offer several advantages over conventional pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes and ion-selective electrodes. GEpHIs can label distinct cell populations provided appropriate promoter elements are available. This labeling is particularly useful in ex vivo, in vivo, and in situ preparations, which are inherently heterogeneous. GEpHIs also permit quantification of pHi in intact tissues over time without need for repeated dye treatment or tissue externalization. The primary drawback of current GEpHIs is the tendency to aggregate in cytosolic inclusions in response to tissue damage and construct over-expression. These shortcomings, their solutions, and the inherent advantages of GEpHIs are demonstrated in this protocol through assessment of basolateral proton (H
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Biological Transport ; Cytosol ; Dissection/methods ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Epithelial Cells/chemistry ; Epithelium/chemistry ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Malpighian Tubules/chemistry ; Malpighian Tubules/cytology ; Malpighian Tubules/surgery ; Molecular Biology/instrumentation ; Molecular Biology/methods
Chemical Substances	Fluorescent Dyes ; PHluorin ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/55698
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Article: Optical quantification of intracellular ph in Drosophila melanogaster malpighian tubule epithelia with a fluorescent genetically-encoded ph indicator

Rossano, Adam J / Romero, Michael F

Journal of visualized experiments. 2017 Aug. 11, , no. 126

2017

Abstract	Epithelial ion transport is vital to systemic ion homeostasis as well as maintenance of essential cellular electrochemical gradients. Intracellular pH (pHi) is influenced by many ion transporters and thus monitoring pHi is a useful tool for assessing transporter activity. Modern Genetically Encoded pH-Indicators (GEpHIs) provide optical quantification of pHi in intact cells on a cellular and subcellular scale. This protocol describes real-time quantification of cellular pHi regulation in Malpighian Tubules (MTs) of Drosophila melanogaster through ex vivo live-imaging of pHerry, a pseudo-ratiometric GEpHI with a pKa well-suited to track pH changes in the cytosol. Extracted adult fly MTs are composed of morphologically and functionally distinct sections of single-cell layer epithelia, and can serve as an accessible and genetically tractable model for investigation of epithelial transport. GEpHIs offer several advantages over conventional pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes and ion-selective electrodes. GEpHIs can label distinct cell populations provided appropriate promoter elements are available. This labeling is particularly useful in ex vivo, in vivo, and in situ preparations, which are inherently heterogeneous. GEpHIs also permit quantification of pHi in intact tissues over time without need for repeated dye treatment or tissue externalization. The primary drawback of current GEpHIs is the tendency to aggregate in cytosolic inclusions in response to tissue damage and construct over-expression. These shortcomings, their solutions, and the inherent advantages of GEpHIs are demonstrated in this protocol through assessment of basolateral proton (H+) transport in functionally distinct principal and stellate cells of extracted fly MTs. The techniques and analysis described are readily adaptable to a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate preparations, and the sophistication of the assay can be scaled from teaching labs to intricate determination of ion flux via specific transporters.
Keywords	Drosophila melanogaster ; Malpighian tubules ; cytosol ; electrochemistry ; epithelium ; fluorescence ; fluorescent dyes ; homeostasis ; invertebrates ; models ; monitoring ; pH ; promoter regions ; protons ; specific ion electrodes ; transporters ; vertebrates
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0811
Size	p. e55698.
Publishing place	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/55698
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Article ; Online: Microglia measured by TSPO PET are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and mediate key steps in a disease progression model.

Rossano, Samantha M / Johnson, Aubrey S / Smith, Anna / Ziaggi, Galen / Roetman, Andrew / Guzman, Diana / Okafor, Amarachukwu / Klein, Julia / Tomljanovic, Zeljko / Stern, Yaakov / Brickman, Adam M / Lee, Seonjoo / Kreisl, William C / Lao, Patrick

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

2024 Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 2397–2407

Abstract: Introduction: Evidence suggests microglial activation precedes regional tau and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We characterized microglia with translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) within an AD progression model ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Evidence suggests microglial activation precedes regional tau and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We characterized microglia with translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) within an AD progression model where global amyloid beta (Aβ) precedes local tau and neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive impairment. Methods: Florbetaben, PBR28, and MK-6240 PET, T1 magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive measures were performed in 19 cognitively unimpaired older adults and 22 patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD to examine associations among microglia activation, Aβ, tau, and cognition, adjusting for neurodegeneration. Mediation analyses evaluated the possible role of microglial activation along the AD progression model. Results: Higher PBR28 uptake was associated with higher Aβ, higher tau, and lower MMSE score, independent of neurodegeneration. PBR28 mediated associations between tau in early and middle Braak stages, between tau and neurodegeneration, and between neurodegeneration and cognition. Discussion: Microglia are associated with AD pathology and cognition and may mediate relationships between subsequent steps in AD progression.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Microglia/metabolism ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; tau Proteins ; TSPO protein, human ; Receptors, GABA
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2211627-8
ISSN	1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
ISSN (online)	1552-5279
ISSN	1552-5260
DOI	10.1002/alz.13699
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Article ; Online: Genetically encoded pH-indicators reveal activity-dependent cytosolic acidification of Drosophila motor nerve termini in vivo.

Rossano, Adam J / Chouhan, Amit K / Macleod, Gregory T

The Journal of physiology

2013 Volume 591, Issue 7, Page(s) 1691–1706

Abstract: All biochemical processes, including those underlying synaptic function and plasticity, are pH sensitive. Cytosolic pH (pH(cyto)) shifts are known to accompany nerve activity in situ, but technological limitations have prevented characterization of such ... ...

Abstract	All biochemical processes, including those underlying synaptic function and plasticity, are pH sensitive. Cytosolic pH (pH(cyto)) shifts are known to accompany nerve activity in situ, but technological limitations have prevented characterization of such shifts in vivo. Genetically encoded pH-indicators (GEpHIs) allow for tissue-specific in vivo measurement of pH. We expressed three different GEpHIs in the cytosol of Drosophila larval motor neurons and observed substantial presynaptic acidification in nerve termini during nerve stimulation in situ. SuperEcliptic pHluorin was the most useful GEpHI for studying pH(cyto) shifts in this model system. We determined the resting pH of the nerve terminal cytosol to be 7.30 ± 0.02, and observed a decrease of 0.16 ± 0.01 pH units when the axon was stimulated at 40 Hz for 4 s. Realkalinization occurred upon cessation of stimulation with a time course of 20.54 ± 1.05 s (τ). The chemical pH-indicator 2,7-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein corroborated these changes in pH(cyto). Bicarbonate-derived buffering did not contribute to buffering of acid loads from short (≤ 4 s) trains of action potentials but did buffer slow (~60 s) acid loads. The magnitude of cytosolic acid transients correlated with cytosolic Ca(2+) increase upon stimulation, and partial inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase, a Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger, attenuated pH(cyto) shifts. Repeated stimulus trains mimicking motor patterns generated greater cytosolic acidification (~0.30 pH units). Imaging through the cuticle of intact larvae revealed spontaneous pH(cyto) shifts in presynaptic termini in vivo, similar to those seen in situ during fictive locomotion, indicating that presynaptic pH(cyto) shifts cannot be dismissed as artifacts of ex vivo preparations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cytosol/chemistry ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila/physiology ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Nerve Endings/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/jphysiol.2012.248377
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Article ; Online: Na

Rossano, Adam J / Kato, Akira / Minard, Karyl I / Romero, Michael F / Macleod, Gregory T

The Journal of physiology

2016 Volume 595, Issue 3, Page(s) 805–824

Abstract: Key points: Intracellular pH regulation is vital to neurons as nerve activity produces large and rapid acid loads in presynaptic terminals. Rapid clearance of acid loads is necessary to maintain control of neurotransmission, but neuronal acid clearance ... ...

Abstract	Key points: Intracellular pH regulation is vital to neurons as nerve activity produces large and rapid acid loads in presynaptic terminals. Rapid clearance of acid loads is necessary to maintain control of neurotransmission, but neuronal acid clearance mechanisms remain poorly understood. Glutamate is loaded into synaptic vesicles via the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT), a mechanism conserved across phyla, and this study reports a previously unknown role for VGLUT as an acid-extruding protein when deposited in the plasmamembrane during exocytosis. The finding was made in Drosophila (fruit fly) larval motor neurons through a combined pharamacological and genetic dissection of presynaptic pH homeostatic mechanisms. A dual role for VGLUT serves to integrate neuronal activity and pH regulation in presynaptic nerve terminals. Abstract: Neuronal activity can result in transient acidification of presynaptic terminals, and such shifts in cytosolic pH (pH
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cytosol/physiology ; Drosophila ; Hydrogen/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Larva ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Oocytes ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology ; Sodium/physiology ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/physiology ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins/physiology ; Xenopus laevis
Chemical Substances	Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins ; Hydrogen (7YNJ3PO35Z) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP273105
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Article ; Online: Expression of multiple transgenes from a single construct using viral 2A peptides in Drosophila.

Daniels, Richard W / Rossano, Adam J / Macleod, Gregory T / Ganetzky, Barry

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e100637

Abstract: Expression of multiple reporter or effector transgenes in the same cell from a single construct is increasingly necessary in various experimental paradigms. The discovery of short, virus-derived peptide sequences that mediate a ribosome-skipping event ... ...

Abstract	Expression of multiple reporter or effector transgenes in the same cell from a single construct is increasingly necessary in various experimental paradigms. The discovery of short, virus-derived peptide sequences that mediate a ribosome-skipping event enables generation of multiple separate peptide products from one mRNA. Here we describe methods and vectors to facilitate easy production of polycistronic-like sequences utilizing these 2A peptides tailored for expression in Drosophila both in vitro and in vivo. We tested the separation efficiency of different viral 2A peptides in cultured Drosophila cells and in vivo and found that the 2A peptides from porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A) and Thosea asigna virus (T2A) worked best. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we used the P2A peptide to co-express the red fluorescent protein tdTomato and the genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G in larval motorneurons. This technique enabled ratiometric calcium imaging with motion correction allowing us to record synaptic activity at the neuromuscular junction in an intact larval preparation through the cuticle. The tools presented here should greatly facilitate the generation of 2A peptide-mediated expression of multiple transgenes in Drosophila.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors/chemistry ; Genetic Vectors/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Larva/cytology ; Larva/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Motor Neurons/cytology ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides/genetics ; Peptides/metabolism ; Plasmids/chemistry ; Plasmids/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Teschovirus/genetics ; Teschovirus/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Viral Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Luminescent Proteins ; Peptides ; Recombinant Proteins ; Viral Proteins ; enhanced green fluorescent protein ; fluorescent protein 583 ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0100637
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Article ; Online: Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients Diagnosed With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy During Childhood: Insights From the SHaRe Registry.

Abou Alaiwi, Sarah / Roston, Thomas M / Marstrand, Peter / Claggett, Brian Lee / Parikh, Victoria N / Helms, Adam S / Ingles, Jodie / Lampert, Rachel / Lakdawala, Neal K / Michels, Michelle / Owens, Anjali T / Rossano, Joseph W / Saberi, Sara / Abrams, Dominic J / Ashley, Euan A / Semsarian, Christopher / Stendahl, John C / Ware, James S / Miller, Erin /

Ryan, Thomas D / Russell, Mark W / Day, Sharlene M / Olivotto, Iacopo / Vissing, Christoffer R / Ho, Carolyn Y

Circulation

2023 Volume 148, Issue 5, Page(s) 394–404

Abstract: Background: The development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is rare but serious and associated with poor outcomes in adults. Little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of LVSD in ... ...

Abstract	Background: The development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is rare but serious and associated with poor outcomes in adults. Little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of LVSD in patients diagnosed with HCM as children. Methods: Data from patients with HCM in the international, multicenter SHaRe (Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry) were analyzed. LVSD was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction <50% on echocardiographic reports. Prognosis was assessed by a composite of death, cardiac transplantation, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Predictors of developing incident LVSD and subsequent prognosis with LVSD were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: We studied 1010 patients diagnosed with HCM during childhood (<18 years of age) and compared them with 6741 patients with HCM diagnosed as adults. In the pediatric HCM cohort, median age at HCM diagnosis was 12.7 years (interquartile range, 8.0-15.3), and 393 (36%) patients were female. At initial SHaRe site evaluation, 56 (5.5%) patients with childhood-diagnosed HCM had prevalent LVSD, and 92 (9.1%) developed incident LVSD during a median follow-up of 5.5 years. Overall LVSD prevalence was 14.7% compared with 8.7% in patients with adult-diagnosed HCM. Median age at incident LVSD was 32.6 years (interquartile range, 21.3-41.6) for the pediatric cohort and 57.2 years (interquartile range, 47.3-66.5) for the adult cohort. Predictors of developing incident LVSD in childhood-diagnosed HCM included age <12 years at HCM diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72 [CI, 1.13-2.62), male sex (HR, 3.1 [CI, 1.88-5.2), carrying a pathogenic sarcomere variant (HR, 2.19 [CI, 1.08-4.4]), previous septal reduction therapy (HR, 2.34 [CI, 1.42-3.9]), and lower initial left ventricular ejection fraction (HR, 1.53 [CI, 1.38-1.69] per 5% decrease). Forty percent of patients with LVSD and HCM diagnosed during childhood met the composite outcome, with higher rates in female participants (HR, 2.60 [CI, 1.41-4.78]) and patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction <35% (HR, 3.76 [2.16-6.52]). Conclusions: Patients with childhood-diagnosed HCM have a significantly higher lifetime risk of developing LVSD, and LVSD emerges earlier than for patients with adult-diagnosed HCM. Regardless of age at diagnosis with HCM or LVSD, the prognosis with LVSD is poor, warranting careful surveillance for LVSD, especially as children with HCM transition to adult care.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Stroke Volume ; Risk Factors ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/epidemiology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications ; Prognosis ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/epidemiology ; Registries
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062517
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Article ; Online: Loading Drosophila nerve terminals with calcium indicators.

Rossano, Adam J / Macleod, Gregory T

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2007 , Issue 6, Page(s) 250

Abstract: Calcium plays many roles in the nervous system but none more impressive than as the trigger for neurotransmitter release, and none more profound than as the messenger essential for the synaptic plasticity that supports learning and memory. To further ... ...

Abstract	Calcium plays many roles in the nervous system but none more impressive than as the trigger for neurotransmitter release, and none more profound than as the messenger essential for the synaptic plasticity that supports learning and memory. To further elucidate the molecular underpinnings of Ca(2+)-dependent synaptic mechanisms, a model system is required that is both genetically malleable and physiologically accessible. Drosophila melanogaster provides such a model. In this system, genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators are available to detect Ca(2+) changes in nerve terminals. However, these indicators have limited sensitivity to Ca(2+) and often show a non-linear response. Synthetic fluorescent indicators are better suited for measuring the rapid Ca(2+) changes associated with nerve activity. Here we demonstrate a technique for loading dextran-conjugated synthetic Ca(2+) indicators into live nerve terminals in Drosophila larvae. Particular emphasis is placed on those aspects of the protocol most critical to the technique's success, such as how to avoid static electricity discharges along the isolated nerves, maintaining the health of the preparation during extended loading periods, and ensuring axon survival by providing Ca(2+) to promote sealing of severed axon endings. Low affinity dextran-conjugated Ca(2+)-indicators, such as fluo-4 and rhod, are available which show a high signal-to-noise ratio while minimally disrupting presynaptic Ca(2+) dynamics. Dextran-conjugation helps prevent Ca(2+) indicators being sequestered into organelles such as mitochondria. The loading technique can be applied equally to larvae, embryos and adults.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dextrans/administration & dosage ; Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development ; Electric Stimulation ; Fluorescent Dyes/administration & dosage ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemical synthesis ; Larva ; Models, Animal ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Dextrans ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/250
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Article ; Online: Groundwater is a hidden global keystone ecosystem.

Saccò, Mattia / Mammola, Stefano / Altermatt, Florian / Alther, Roman / Bolpagni, Rossano / Brancelj, Anton / Brankovits, David / Fišer, Cene / Gerovasileiou, Vasilis / Griebler, Christian / Guareschi, Simone / Hose, Grant C / Korbel, Kathryn / Lictevout, Elisabeth / Malard, Florian / Martínez, Alejandro / Niemiller, Matthew L / Robertson, Anne / Tanalgo, Krizler C /

Bichuette, Maria Elina / Borko, Špela / Brad, Traian / Campbell, Matthew A / Cardoso, Pedro / Celico, Fulvio / Cooper, Steven J B / Culver, David / Di Lorenzo, Tiziana / Galassi, Diana M P / Guzik, Michelle T / Hartland, Adam / Humphreys, William F / Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes / Lunghi, Enrico / Nizzoli, Daniele / Perina, Giulia / Raghavan, Rajeev / Richards, Zoe / Reboleira, Ana Sofia P S / Rohde, Melissa M / Fernández, David Sánchez / Schmidt, Susanne I / van der Heyde, Mieke / Weaver, Louise / White, Nicole E / Zagmajster, Maja / Hogg, Ian / Ruhi, Albert / Gagnon, Marthe M / Allentoft, Morten E / Reinecke, Robert

Global change biology

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) e17066

Abstract: Groundwater is a vital ecosystem of the global water cycle, hosting unique biodiversity and providing essential services to societies. Despite being the largest unfrozen freshwater resource, in a period of depletion by extraction and pollution, ... ...

Abstract	Groundwater is a vital ecosystem of the global water cycle, hosting unique biodiversity and providing essential services to societies. Despite being the largest unfrozen freshwater resource, in a period of depletion by extraction and pollution, groundwater environments have been repeatedly overlooked in global biodiversity conservation agendas. Disregarding the importance of groundwater as an ecosystem ignores its critical role in preserving surface biomes. To foster timely global conservation of groundwater, we propose elevating the concept of keystone species into the realm of ecosystems, claiming groundwater as a keystone ecosystem that influences the integrity of many dependent ecosystems. Our global analysis shows that over half of land surface areas (52.6%) has a medium-to-high interaction with groundwater, reaching up to 74.9% when deserts and high mountains are excluded. We postulate that the intrinsic transboundary features of groundwater are critical for shifting perspectives towards more holistic approaches in aquatic ecology and beyond. Furthermore, we propose eight key themes to develop a science-policy integrated groundwater conservation agenda. Given ecosystems above and below the ground intersect at many levels, considering groundwater as an essential component of planetary health is pivotal to reduce biodiversity loss and buffer against climate change.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Groundwater ; Fresh Water ; Environmental Pollution
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.17066
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