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Article ; Online: Psychological predictors of the time perspective: The role of posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and temporal triggers in a sample of bereaved adults.

Saltzman, Leia Y / Terzis, Lauren

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0298445

Abstract: Introduction: The process of coping with loss and trauma is inextricably linked with subjective experiences and perceptions of time. The Time Perspective Framework, suggests that temporal frames influence an individual's actions, judgements, and the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The process of coping with loss and trauma is inextricably linked with subjective experiences and perceptions of time. The Time Perspective Framework, suggests that temporal frames influence an individual's actions, judgements, and the decisions that they make. Similarly, time perspective has been linked with psychosocial outcomes of trauma and loss (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder). The aim of this study is to identify factors that may influence survivor's time perspective in order to determine if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth (PTG), and temporal triggers (MIT) influenced different time perspective orientations. Methods: Data was collected via Qualtrics survey between July 2019 and July 2020. Measures included basic demographic characteristics, posttraumatic stress disorder checklist, posttraumatic growth inventory, an assessment of temporal triggers, and the Zimbardo time perspective inventory. A series of OLS regression analyses were estimated. Results: PTG was positively associated with future time perspective scores, whereas PTSD was associated with an increase in past negative orientation. The endorsement of temporal triggers like markers in time was negatively associated with present hedonistic scores and positively associated with future time perspective scores. Interestingly, PTSD, PTG and the endorsement of MIT were not associated with present time perspective scores. Discussion and implications: Identifying the relationship between PTSD, PTG, marker in time, and time perspective may offer important insights into treatment modalities that can improve outcomes for bereaved individuals. We discuss limitations of the current analysis and make recommendations for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological ; Time Perception ; Checklist ; Coping Skills
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298445
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Psychological and social determinants of adaptation: the impact of finances, loneliness, information access and chronic stress on resilience activation.

Saltzman, Leia Y / Hansel, Tonya Cross

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1245765

Abstract: Background: Many people who face adversity, such as disasters, demonstrate resilience. However, less is known about reactions to large scale disasters with longer recovery periods. The concern is that protracted disasters may result in more chronic or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many people who face adversity, such as disasters, demonstrate resilience. However, less is known about reactions to large scale disasters with longer recovery periods. The concern is that protracted disasters may result in more chronic or accumulated stressors with an uncertain or unknown end point and can exhaust the natural coping methods and ability to rebound. Thus, understanding patterns of longer-term disaster recovery, inclusive of resilience, is needed. Further resilience is not individual specific rather social determinants, such as support networks and available resources, are contributing factors. Methods: The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of mental health and resilience during increased stress, we aim to identify profiles of adaptation and psychological and social determinants that predict membership within predominant symptom groupings. We conducted an exploratory cross-section study ( Results: We identified four distinct groups: 33% of participants were categorized as anxious, 18% depressed, 9% comorbid, and 40% with above average levels of resilience. Psychosocial factors such as demographics, trauma history, information access, loneliness, and lack of financial resources predicted poorer mental health outcomes and lower resilience. Conclusion: This study identified factors that contribute to overall wellbeing despite chronic stressors. Social determinants of adaptation, found in this study population, include loneliness, finances, and information access. The findings from this study support the need for both psychological and social adaption supports, inclusive of mental health treatment, to strengthen resilience activation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1245765
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Article ; Online: Markers in Time: Expanding Our Concept of Trauma Triggers to Include Subjective Experiences of Time Among Adults Surviving Traumatic Loss.

Saltzman, Leia Y / Terzis, Lauren

Omega

2023 , Page(s) 302228231160204

Abstract: We outline two studies that collected exploratory data on the meaningful time approach and explore the notion of temporal triggers that emerge in the process of coping with traumatic loss. Qualitative data analysis was completed on data gathered from ... ...

Abstract	We outline two studies that collected exploratory data on the meaningful time approach and explore the notion of temporal triggers that emerge in the process of coping with traumatic loss. Qualitative data analysis was completed on data gathered from face-to-face interviews as well as open ended responses to an online survey. 35 themes and sub-codes were identified. 30 of these were replicated in both studies. Our data supported the notion of "markers in time" and identified three clear phases to these markers. Participants also noted the consequences of loss on their lives, and the influence of societal and religious approaches to bereavement on their process of coping. Results of this study support a cyclical approach to understanding coping with loss and provides clinicians working with bereaved individuals yet another tool to address the dynamic experience of bereavement.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207363-8
ISSN	1541-3764 ; 0030-2228
ISSN (online)	1541-3764
ISSN	0030-2228
DOI	10.1177/00302228231160204
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Article ; Online: Work Environment and Health Care Workforce Well-Being: Mental Health and Burnout in Medically Underserved Communities Prone to Disaster.

Hansel, Tonya Cross / Saltzman, Leia Y / Melton, Pamela A

American journal of public health

2024 Volume 114, Issue S2, Page(s) 156–161

Abstract: Health care workers (n = 71) completed an online survey or participated in one of five focus groups. Clinical cutoff scores revealed concerning levels of depression (16%), anxiety, and burnout (49%). Qualitative responses (n = 172) yielded two themes: ... ...

Abstract	Health care workers (n = 71) completed an online survey or participated in one of five focus groups. Clinical cutoff scores revealed concerning levels of depression (16%), anxiety, and burnout (49%). Qualitative responses (n = 172) yielded two themes: work environment and well-being. Addressing burnout requires an ecological systems mindset, which accounts for complex stressors present in individual providers' lives (large-scale disasters and personal stressors), agency-level factors (scheduling and workload), and larger social and contextual administrative factors (allocating time for self-care through scheduling and billing codes). (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Medically Underserved Area ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Working Conditions ; Workforce
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2023.307478
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Article: The Intersectionality of Sex and Race in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review.

Hunter, Lauren D / Boer, Tara / Saltzman, Leia Y

Public health reviews

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) 1605302

Abstract: Objectives: ...

Abstract	Objectives:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	217531-9
ISSN	2107-6952 ; 0301-0422
ISSN (online)	2107-6952
ISSN	0301-0422
DOI	10.3389/phrs.2023.1605302
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Article ; Online: What's Time Got to Do With It?: A Time-Informed Approach to Longitudinal Research With Trauma Affected and Bereaved Populations.

Saltzman, Leia Y / Hunter, Lauren D

Omega

2022 , Page(s) 302228221096245

Abstract: This paper outlines a new approach to using participants' self-identified temporal triggers to center data collection around meaningful time periods as it pertains to coping with loss and trauma. We describe the utility of ecological momentary assessment ...

Abstract	This paper outlines a new approach to using participants' self-identified temporal triggers to center data collection around meaningful time periods as it pertains to coping with loss and trauma. We describe the utility of ecological momentary assessment and wearable technology as tools for time-informed data collection; and provide a study protocol for a recent study in which we paired these approaches to gather data from adult respondents who had lost a loved one. Data collection included two phases: a baseline phase and a target date phase. The target date phase was centered around the participant's self-identified temporal trigger. Several lmitations to this mode of data collection are disucsed. The overall approach is client centered and more accurately captures the lived experiences of individuals coping with loss and trauma. Data of this kind will begin to highlight the psychological and physiological impacts of anniversary dates among survivors of trauma and loss.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207363-8
ISSN	1541-3764 ; 0030-2228
ISSN (online)	1541-3764
ISSN	0030-2228
DOI	10.1177/00302228221096245
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Article ; Online: Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment, Recent Bereavement, and Average Heart Rate.

Saltzman, Leia Y

Omega

2019 Volume 84, Issue 2, Page(s) 459–473

Abstract: The study explores the sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes among bereaved individuals. In addition, the study differentiates the impact of child maltreatment and recent loss on the physical health of adult men and women. This study conducted a ... ...

Abstract	The study explores the sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes among bereaved individuals. In addition, the study differentiates the impact of child maltreatment and recent loss on the physical health of adult men and women. This study conducted a secondary analysis of data drawn from the Biomarker Subproject of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bereavement ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Female ; Grief ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207363-8
ISSN	1541-3764 ; 0030-2228
ISSN (online)	1541-3764
ISSN	0030-2228
DOI	10.1177/0030222819894139
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Article ; Online: It's about time: Reconceptualizing the role of time in loss and trauma.

Saltzman, Leia Y

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2019 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 663–670

Abstract: Objective: This article explores the universal concept of time with the aim of enhancing our ability to help those affected by loss and trauma as well as those who study and treat them. The help comes in the form of a new framework that focuses on how ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This article explores the universal concept of time with the aim of enhancing our ability to help those affected by loss and trauma as well as those who study and treat them. The help comes in the form of a new framework that focuses on how we think about, and represent, time in scholarship and practice. Method: In this conceptual article, I outline traditional approaches to incorporating time in psychological research and discuss the many related concepts, such as anniversary reactions. The main aim of the article is to introduce a reconceptualized framework of time, including the assertion of meaningful time and markers in time. The premise of this framework is that social behavioral sciences should consider time as an uneven, meaningful, and overt force that influences trajectories of adaptation in the context of traumatic loss. Results: This article describes the ways in which markers in time push our current representations of time forward and, in doing so, alter the narrative around pathological grief by removing the time limitation on grief and mourning. This framework recognizes grief as a cyclical process that unfolds in the context of meaningful, rather than chronological, time. Conclusion: The article concludes by addressing the practical implications of this reconceptualization and the potential to greatly impact scholarship and clinical approaches to addressing the needs of clients coping with traumatic loss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Bereavement ; Humans ; Psychological Trauma/psychology ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0000435
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Long-COVID stress symptoms: Mental health, anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress.

Saltzman, Leia Y / Longo, Michele / Hansel, Tonya C

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2023

Abstract: Objective: Currently, there is no single profile of mental health sequela in long-coronavirus disease (COVID) patients, impacting identification, treatment, and exacerbating stigma among this population. This article highlights the rationale for mental ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Currently, there is no single profile of mental health sequela in long-coronavirus disease (COVID) patients, impacting identification, treatment, and exacerbating stigma among this population. This article highlights the rationale for mental health professionals to consider a summary of mental health symptoms in long-COVID patients. Method: This article provides an overview of the existing literature regarding the health and mental health impact of long COVID on patients and proposes an approach to conceptualizing mental health symptoms in individuals living with long COVID. This article summarizes the health and mental health impacts of long COVID and underscores the limitations of the current approach to measuring and screening mental health symptoms in long-COVID patients. Results: Long-COVID patients have reported new and worsening mental health symptoms; most frequently reported are depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and insomnia. The article concludes by proposing the notion of Conclusions: Though some long-COVID patients survived life-threatening illnesses and may, therefore, meet the formal criteria for PTSD, many will present with posttraumatic symptomology that mimics PTSD but may not arise from life-threatening medical trauma. A better understanding of the mental health burden of long-COVID stress symptoms is essential to providing efficient and effective mental health treatment, supporting physicians treating long-COVID patients, and enhancing access to and utilization of medical services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001567
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Intersectionality of Sex and Race in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease

Lauren D. Hunter / Tara Boer / Leia Y. Saltzman

Public Health Reviews, Vol

A Scoping Review

2023 Volume 44

Abstract: Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggesting a risk for negative health outcomes among individuals with PTSD. This review synthesizes the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD and ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggesting a risk for negative health outcomes among individuals with PTSD. This review synthesizes the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD and highlights the intersection of sex and race.Methods: Covidence was used to systematically review the literature published between 1980 and 2020.Results: 176 studies were extracted. 68 (38.64%) of the studies were a predominantly male sample. 31 studies (17.61%) were a predominantly female sample. Most reported participants of both sexes (n = 72; 40.91%) and only 5 (2.84%) did not report respondent sex. No studies reported transgender participants. 110 (62.5%) studies reported racial and ethnic diversity in their study population, 18 (10.22%) described a completely or predominantly white sample, and 48 (27.27%) did not report race or ethnicity of their study population.Conclusion: A compelling number of studies did not identify sex differences in the link between PTSD and CVD or failed to report race and ethnicity. Investigating sex, race, ethnicity, and the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD are promising avenues for future research.
Keywords	cardiovascular disease ; scoping review ; sex ; race ; posttraumatic stress disorder ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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