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  1. Article: Retinal Microcirculation as a Correlate of a Systemic Capillary Impairment After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.

    Hohberger, Bettina / Ganslmayer, Marion / Lucio, Marianna / Kruse, Friedrich / Hoffmanns, Jakob / Moritz, Michael / Rogge, Lennart / Heltmann, Felix / Szewczykowski, Charlotte / Fürst, Julia / Raftis, Maximilian / Bergua, Antonio / Zenkel, Matthias / Gießl, Andreas / Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula / Lehmann, Paul / Strauß, Richard / Mardin, Christian / Herrmann, Martin

    Frontiers in medicine

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 676554

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects the pulmonary systems via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, being an entry to systemic infection. As COVID-19 disease ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects the pulmonary systems via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, being an entry to systemic infection. As COVID-19 disease features ACE-2 deficiency, a link to microcirculation is proposed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables non-invasive analysis of retinal microvasculature. Thus, an impaired systemic microcirculation might be mapped on retinal capillary system. As recent OCT-A studies, analyzing microcirculation in two subdivided layers, yielded contrary results, an increased subdivision of retinal microvasculature might offer an even more fine analysis. The aim of the study was to investigate retinal microcirculation by OCT-A after COVID-19 infection in three subdivided layers (I). In addition, short-term retinal affections were monitored during COVID-19 disease (II). Considering (I), a prospective study (33 patients
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2021.676554
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Long COVID: Association of Functional Autoantibodies against G-Protein-Coupled Receptors with an Impaired Retinal Microcirculation.

    Szewczykowski, Charlotte / Mardin, Christian / Lucio, Marianna / Wallukat, Gerd / Hoffmanns, Jakob / Schröder, Thora / Raith, Franziska / Rogge, Lennart / Heltmann, Felix / Moritz, Michael / Beitlich, Lorenz / Schottenhamml, Julia / Herrmann, Martin / Harrer, Thomas / Ganslmayer, Marion / Kruse, Friedrich E / Kräter, Martin / Guck, Jochen / Lämmer, Robert /
    Zenkel, Matthias / Gießl, Andreas / Hohberger, Bettina

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 13

    Abstract: Long COVID (LC) describes the clinical phenotype of symptoms after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited, as the pathomechanism of LC is elusive. As the number of ... ...

    Abstract Long COVID (LC) describes the clinical phenotype of symptoms after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited, as the pathomechanism of LC is elusive. As the number of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections was and is large, LC will be a challenge for the healthcare system. Previous studies revealed an impaired blood flow, the formation of microclots, and autoimmune mechanisms as potential factors in this complex interplay. Since functionally active autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs) were observed in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to correlate the appearance of GPCR-AAbs with capillary microcirculation. The seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs was measured by an established cardiomyocyte bioassay in 42 patients with LC and 6 controls. Retinal microcirculation was measured by OCT-angiography and quantified as macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD) by the Erlangen-Angio Tool. A statistical analysis yielded impaired VD in patients with LC compared to the controls, which was accentuated in female persons. A significant decrease in macula and peripapillary VD for AAbs targeting adrenergic β2-receptor, MAS-receptor angiotensin-II-type-1 receptor, and adrenergic α1-receptor were observed. The present study might suggest that a seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs can be linked to an impaired retinal capillary microcirculation, potentially mirroring the systemic microcirculation with consecutive clinical symptoms.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenergic Agents ; Autoantibodies ; COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Microcirculation ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Retinal Vessels ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
    Chemical Substances Adrenergic Agents ; Autoantibodies ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms23137209
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Retinal Microcirculation as a Potential Marker for Chronic Fatigue.

    Schlick, Sarah / Lucio, Marianna / Wallukat, Gerd / Bartsch, Alexander / Skornia, Adam / Hoffmanns, Jakob / Szewczykowski, Charlotte / Schröder, Thora / Raith, Franziska / Rogge, Lennart / Heltmann, Felix / Moritz, Michael / Beitlich, Lorenz / Schottenhamml, Julia / Herrmann, Martin / Harrer, Thomas / Ganslmayer, Marion / Kruse, Friedrich E / Lämmer, Robert /
    Mardin, Christian / Hohberger, Bettina

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 22

    Abstract: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is characterized by persisting sequelae after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). PCS can affect patients with all COVID-19 disease severities. As previous studies have revealed ... ...

    Abstract Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is characterized by persisting sequelae after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). PCS can affect patients with all COVID-19 disease severities. As previous studies have revealed impaired blood flow as a provoking factor triggering PCS, it was the aim of the present study to investigate the potential association between self-reported chronic fatigue and retinal microcirculation in patients with PCS, potentially indicating an objective biomarker. A prospective study was performed, including 201 subjects: 173 patients with PCS and 28 controls. Retinal microcirculation was visualized by OCT angiography (OCT-A) and quantified using the Erlangen-Angio-Tool as macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD). Chronic fatigue (CF) was assessed according to the variables of Bell’s score, age and gender. VDs in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were analyzed, considering the repetitions (12 times). Seropositivity for autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs) was determined by an established cardiomyocyte bioassay. Taking account of the repetitions, a mixed model was performed to detect possible differences in the least square means between the different groups included in the analysis. An age effect in relation to VD was observed between patients and controls (p < 0.0001). Gender analysis showed that women with PCS showed lower VD levels in the SVP compared to male patients (p = 0.0015). The PCS patients showed significantly lower VDs in the ICP as compared to the controls (p = 0.0001 (CI: 0.32; 1)). Moreover, considering PCS patients, the mixed model revealed a significant difference between those with chronic fatigue (CF) and those without CF with respect to VDs in the SVP (p = 0.0033 (CI: −4.5; −0.92)). The model included variables of age, gender and Bell’s score, representing a subjective marker for CF. Consequently, retinal microcirculation might serve as an objective biomarker in subjectively reported chronic fatigue in patients with PCS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; COVID-19/complications ; Retinal Vessels ; Microcirculation ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Fatigue ; Biomarkers ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms232213683
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Post-COVID-19 syndrome: retinal microcirculation as a potential marker for chronic fatigue

    Schlick, Sarah / Lucio, Marianna / Bartsch, Alexander Johannes / Skornia, Adam / Hoffmanns, Jakob / Szewczykowski, Charlotte / Schroeder, Thora / Raith, Franzi / Rogge, Lennart / Heltmann, Felix / Moritz, Michael / Beitlich, Lorenz / Schottenhamml, Julia / Herrmann, Martin / Harrer, Thomas / Ganslmayer, Marion / Kruse, Friedrich E. / Laemmer, Robert / Mardin, Christian /
    Hohberger, Bettina

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) summarizes persisting sequelae after infection with the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). PCS can affect patients of all covid-19 disease severities. As previous studies revealed impaired blood ... ...

    Abstract Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) summarizes persisting sequelae after infection with the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). PCS can affect patients of all covid-19 disease severities. As previous studies revealed impaired blood flow as a provoking factor for triggering PCS, it was the aim of the present study to investigate a potential association of self-reported chronic fatigue and retinal microcirculation in patients with PCS, potentially indicating an objective biomarker. A prospective study was performed, including 201 subjects: 173 patients with PCS and 28 controls. Retinal microcirculation was visualized by OCT-Angiography (OCT-A) and quantified by the Erlangen-Angio-Tool as macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD). Chronic Fatigue (CF) was assessed with the variables Bell score, age and gender. The VD in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were analyzed considering the repetitions (12 times). Taking in account of such repetitions a mixed model was performed to detect possible differences in the least square means between different groups of analysis. An age effect on VD was observed between patients and controls (p<0.0001). Gender analysis yielded that women with PCS showed lower VD levels in SVP compared to male patients (p=0.0015). The PCS patients showed significantly lower VD of ICP as compared to the controls (p=0.0001, [CI: 0.32; 1]). Moreover, considering PCS patients, the mixed model reveals a significant difference between chronic fatigue (CF) and without CF in VD of SVP (p=0.0033, [CI: -4.5; -0.92]). The model included age, gender and the variable Bell score, representing a subjective marker for CF. Consequently, the retinal microcirculation might be an objective biomarker in subjective-reported chronic fatigue of patients with PCS.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-23
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2022.09.23.22280264
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: Case Report: Neutralization of Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Improves Capillary Impairment and Fatigue Symptoms After COVID-19 Infection.

    Hohberger, Bettina / Harrer, Thomas / Mardin, Christian / Kruse, Friedrich / Hoffmanns, Jakob / Rogge, Lennart / Heltmann, Felix / Moritz, Michael / Szewczykowski, Charlotte / Schottenhamml, Julia / Kräter, Martin / Bergua, Antonio / Zenkel, Matthias / Gießl, Andreas / Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula / Lämmer, Robert / Herrmann, Martin / Haberland, Annekathrin / Göttel, Peter /
    Müller, Johannes / Wallukat, Gerd

    Frontiers in medicine

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 754667

    Abstract: Clinical features of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute infection management is a substantial healthcare issue, and the development of long-Covid syndrome (LCS) is ... ...

    Abstract Clinical features of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute infection management is a substantial healthcare issue, and the development of long-Covid syndrome (LCS) is extremely challenging for patients and physicians. It is associated with a variety of characteristics as impaired capillary microcirculation, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), proinflammatory cytokines, and functional autoantibodies targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs). Here, we present a case report of successful healing of LCS with BC 007 (Berlin Cures, Berlin, Germany), a DNA aptamer drug with a high affinity to GPCR-AAbs that neutralizes these AAbs. A patient with a documented history of glaucoma, recovered from mild COVID-19, but still suffered from CFS, loss of taste, and impaired capillary microcirculation in the macula and peripapillary region. He was positively tested for various targeting GPCR-AAbs. Within 48 h after a single BC 007 treatment, GPCR-AAbs were functionally inactivated and remained inactive during the observation period of 4 weeks. This observation was accompanied by constant improvement of the fatigue symptoms of the patient, taste, and retinal capillary microcirculation. Therefore, the removal of GPCR-AAb might ameliorate the characteristics of the LCD, such as capillary impairment, loss of taste, and CFS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2021.754667
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Long COVID

    Charlotte Szewczykowski / Christian Mardin / Marianna Lucio / Gerd Wallukat / Jakob Hoffmanns / Thora Schröder / Franziska Raith / Lennart Rogge / Felix Heltmann / Michael Moritz / Lorenz Beitlich / Julia Schottenhamml / Martin Herrmann / Thomas Harrer / Marion Ganslmayer / Friedrich E. Kruse / Martin Kräter / Jochen Guck / Robert Lämmer /
    Matthias Zenkel / Andreas Gießl / Bettina Hohberger

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 7209, p

    Association of Functional Autoantibodies against G-Protein-Coupled Receptors with an Impaired Retinal Microcirculation

    2022  Volume 7209

    Abstract: Long COVID (LC) describes the clinical phenotype of symptoms after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited, as the pathomechanism of LC is elusive. As the number of ... ...

    Abstract Long COVID (LC) describes the clinical phenotype of symptoms after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited, as the pathomechanism of LC is elusive. As the number of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections was and is large, LC will be a challenge for the healthcare system. Previous studies revealed an impaired blood flow, the formation of microclots, and autoimmune mechanisms as potential factors in this complex interplay. Since functionally active autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs) were observed in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to correlate the appearance of GPCR-AAbs with capillary microcirculation. The seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs was measured by an established cardiomyocyte bioassay in 42 patients with LC and 6 controls. Retinal microcirculation was measured by OCT–angiography and quantified as macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD) by the Erlangen-Angio Tool. A statistical analysis yielded impaired VD in patients with LC compared to the controls, which was accentuated in female persons. A significant decrease in macula and peripapillary VD for AAbs targeting adrenergic β2-receptor, MAS-receptor angiotensin-II-type-1 receptor, and adrenergic α1-receptor were observed. The present study might suggest that a seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs can be linked to an impaired retinal capillary microcirculation, potentially mirroring the systemic microcirculation with consecutive clinical symptoms.
    Keywords functionally GPCR autoantibodies ; COVID-19 ; Long-COVID syndrome ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; OCT–angiography ; glaucoma ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610 ; 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Retinal Microcirculation as a Correlate of a Systemic Capillary Impairment After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

    Bettina Hohberger / Marion Ganslmayer / Marianna Lucio / Friedrich Kruse / Jakob Hoffmanns / Michael Moritz / Lennart Rogge / Felix Heltmann / Charlotte Szewczykowski / Julia Fürst / Maximilian Raftis / Antonio Bergua / Matthias Zenkel / Andreas Gießl / Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt / Paul Lehmann / Richard Strauß / Christian Mardin / Martin Herrmann

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects the pulmonary systems via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, being an entry to systemic infection. As COVID-19 disease ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects the pulmonary systems via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, being an entry to systemic infection. As COVID-19 disease features ACE-2 deficiency, a link to microcirculation is proposed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables non-invasive analysis of retinal microvasculature. Thus, an impaired systemic microcirculation might be mapped on retinal capillary system. As recent OCT-A studies, analyzing microcirculation in two subdivided layers, yielded contrary results, an increased subdivision of retinal microvasculature might offer an even more fine analysis. The aim of the study was to investigate retinal microcirculation by OCT-A after COVID-19 infection in three subdivided layers (I). In addition, short-term retinal affections were monitored during COVID-19 disease (II). Considering (I), a prospective study (33 patientspost−COVID and 28 controls) was done. Macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD) were scanned with the Spectralis II. Macula VD was measured in three layers: superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP). Analysis was done by the EA-Tool, including an Anatomical Positioning System and an analysis of peripapillary VD by implementing Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) landmarks. Overall, circular (c1, c2, and c3) and sectorial VD (s1-s12) was analyzed. Considering (II), in a retrospective study, 29 patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection, hospitalized at the intensive care unit, were monitored for retinal findings at bedside during hospitalization. (I) Overall (p = 0.0133) and circular (c1, p = 0.00257; c2, p = 0.0067; and c3, p = 0.0345). VD of the ICP was significantly reduced between patientspost−COVID and controls, respectively. Overall (p = 0.0179) and circular (c1, p = 0.0189) peripapillary VD was significantly reduced between both groups. Subgroup analysis of hospitalized vs. non-hospitalized patientspost−COVID yielded a significantly reduced VD of adjacent layers (DCP and SVP) with increased severity of COVID-19 disease. Clinical severity parameters showed a negative correlation with VD (ICP) and peripapillary VD. (II) Funduscopy yielded retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots in 17% of patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As VD of the ICP and peripapillary regions was significantly reduced after COVID-19 disease and showed a link to clinical severity markers, we assume that the severity of capillary impairment after COVID-19 infection is mapped on retinal microcirculation, visualized by non-invasive OCT-A.
    Keywords OCT-angiography ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; retina ; macula ; optic nerve head ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Case Report

    Bettina Hohberger / Thomas Harrer / Christian Mardin / Friedrich Kruse / Jakob Hoffmanns / Lennart Rogge / Felix Heltmann / Michael Moritz / Charlotte Szewczykowski / Julia Schottenhamml / Martin Kräter / Antonio Bergua / Matthias Zenkel / Andreas Gießl / Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt / Robert Lämmer / Martin Herrmann / Annekathrin Haberland / Peter Göttel /
    Johannes Müller / Gerd Wallukat

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    Neutralization of Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Improves Capillary Impairment and Fatigue Symptoms After COVID-19 Infection

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: Clinical features of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute infection management is a substantial healthcare issue, and the development of long-Covid syndrome (LCS) is ... ...

    Abstract Clinical features of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute infection management is a substantial healthcare issue, and the development of long-Covid syndrome (LCS) is extremely challenging for patients and physicians. It is associated with a variety of characteristics as impaired capillary microcirculation, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), proinflammatory cytokines, and functional autoantibodies targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs). Here, we present a case report of successful healing of LCS with BC 007 (Berlin Cures, Berlin, Germany), a DNA aptamer drug with a high affinity to GPCR-AAbs that neutralizes these AAbs. A patient with a documented history of glaucoma, recovered from mild COVID-19, but still suffered from CFS, loss of taste, and impaired capillary microcirculation in the macula and peripapillary region. He was positively tested for various targeting GPCR-AAbs. Within 48 h after a single BC 007 treatment, GPCR-AAbs were functionally inactivated and remained inactive during the observation period of 4 weeks. This observation was accompanied by constant improvement of the fatigue symptoms of the patient, taste, and retinal capillary microcirculation. Therefore, the removal of GPCR-AAb might ameliorate the characteristics of the LCD, such as capillary impairment, loss of taste, and CFS.
    Keywords functional GPCR autoantibodies ; COVID-19 ; long-COVID syndrome ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; BC 007 ; OCT angiography ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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