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  1. Article ; Online: Antibiotic prophylaxis in neutropenic children with acute leukemia: Do the presently available data really support this practice?

    Calitri, Carmelina / Ruberto, Eliana / Castagnola, Elio

    European journal of haematology

    2018  Volume 101, Issue 6, Page(s) 721–727

    Abstract: Antibiotics are frequently administered for prophylaxis of fever in neutropenic children with cancer. This strategy is mainly derived from adults' data, and various pediatric studies evidenced the effectiveness of antibiotics (eg, fluoroquinolones) in ... ...

    Abstract Antibiotics are frequently administered for prophylaxis of fever in neutropenic children with cancer. This strategy is mainly derived from adults' data, and various pediatric studies evidenced the effectiveness of antibiotics (eg, fluoroquinolones) in the prevention of febrile neutropenia. However, only two pediatric randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been performed, with a total of 262 leukemic children enrolled, and no other one was ever powered for analyzing effectiveness over other infectious complications. In an era of increasing antibiotic resistance, the widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis in neutropenic leukemic children needs to be strongly supported.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections/etiology ; Bacterial Infections/prevention & control ; Child ; Fever/etiology ; Fever/prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy ; Neutropenia/complications ; Neutropenia/etiology ; Pediatrics
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 392482-8
    ISSN 1600-0609 ; 0902-4441
    ISSN (online) 1600-0609
    ISSN 0902-4441
    DOI 10.1111/ejh.13162
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric COVID-19 - from pathogenesis to clinical management: A comprehensive review.

    Calitri, Carmelina / Fumi, Ilaria / Ignaccolo, Maria Giovanna / Banino, Elena / Benetti, Stefania / Lupica, Maria Maddalena / Fantone, Francesca / Pace, Mariella / Garofalo, Franco

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 23, Page(s) 3303–3316

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is responsible for the first pandemic of the ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is responsible for the first pandemic of the 21
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v27.i23.3303
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Long-term clinical and serological follow-up of paediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

    Calitri, Carmelina / Fantone, Francesca / Benetti, Stefania / Lupica, Maria Maddalena / Ignaccolo, Maria Giovanna / Banino, Elena / Viano, Alice / Pace, Mariella / Castella, Annalisa / Gaido, Flavio / Garofalo, Franco / AslTorinoTre Study Group Paediatric Covid

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 216–223

    Abstract: Studies concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in paediatrics are limited to children mainly selected from hospitals, where patients with complications and co-morbidities are managed. We aimed to describe the ... ...

    Abstract Studies concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in paediatrics are limited to children mainly selected from hospitals, where patients with complications and co-morbidities are managed. We aimed to describe the course of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a population of children enrolled by place of residence, from diagnosis to recovery, with a long-term clinical and serological follow-up. We identified patients aged <14 years old living in the Turin Health District 3 who had SARS-CoV-2 detected in at least one nasopharyngeal swab from 1st March to 1st June 2020. Epidemiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected by way of a telephone inquiry. Enrolled patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 serology in order to provide evidence of seroconversion and persistence of specific antibodies some time after the infection. A total of 46 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 were identified. The main pattern of viral transmission was intra-family. Eleven children were totally asymptomatic. If symptoms appeared, the disease had a mild course. A single case of COVID-19-related respiratory insufficiency was registered. Among children who underwent serological evaluation, 84% had seroconversion. No significant differences in antibody development were found according to the age and the burden of the disease. Children tested farther from the primary infection had lower antibody index titre values than the others. In conclusion, COVID-19 has a good prognosis in paediatric age. Children are able to develop a valid immune response, although their index titres seem to decrease a long time after the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Serological Testing ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Italy ; Male ; Residence Characteristics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Seroconversion ; Siblings ; Symptom Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-11
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 1124-9390
    ISSN 1124-9390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Erratum to: Magicplex

    Denina, Marco / Scolfaro, Carlo / Colombo, Sara / Calitri, Carmelina / Garazzino, Silvia / Barbui, Anna Maria / Brossa, Silvia / Tovo, Pier-Angelo

    European journal of pediatrics

    2016  Volume 175, Issue 9, Page(s) 1253

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 194196-3
    ISSN 1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
    ISSN (online) 1432-1076
    ISSN 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
    DOI 10.1007/s00431-016-2753-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Importance of RSV Epidemiological Surveillance: A Multicenter Observational Study of RSV Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Pruccoli, Giulia / Castagno, Emanuele / Raffaldi, Irene / Denina, Marco / Barisone, Elisa / Baroero, Luca / Timeus, Fabio / Rabbone, Ivana / Monzani, Alice / Terragni, Gian Maria / Lovera, Cristina / Brach Del Prever, Adalberto / Manzoni, Paolo / Barbaglia, Michelangelo / Roasio, Luca / De Franco, Simona / Calitri, Carmelina / Lupica, Maddalena / Felici, Enrico /
    Marciano, Cinzia / Santovito, Savino / Militerno, Gaia / Abrigo, Enrica / Curtoni, Antonio / Quarello, Paola / Bondone, Claudia / Garazzino, Silvia

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 2

    Abstract: The restrictive measures adopted worldwide against SARS-CoV-2 produced a drastic reduction in respiratory pathogens, including RSV, but a dramatic rebound was thereafter reported. In this multicenter retrospective observational study in 15 Pediatric ... ...

    Abstract The restrictive measures adopted worldwide against SARS-CoV-2 produced a drastic reduction in respiratory pathogens, including RSV, but a dramatic rebound was thereafter reported. In this multicenter retrospective observational study in 15 Pediatric Emergency Departments, all children <3 years old with RSV infection admitted between 1 September and 31 December 2021 were included and compared to those admitted in the same period of 2020 and 2019. The primary aim was to evaluate RSV epidemiology during and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak. The secondary aims were to evaluate the clinical features of children with RSV infection. Overall, 1015 children were enrolled: 100 in 2019, 3 in 2020 and 912 in 2021. In 2019, the peak was recorded in December, and in 2021, it was recorded in November. Comparing 2019 to 2021, in 2021 the median age was significantly higher and the age group 2-3 years was more affected. Admissions were significantly higher in 2021 than in 2020 and 2019, and the per-year hospitalization rate was lower in 2021 (84% vs. 93% in 2019), while the duration of admissions was similar. No difference was found in severity between 2019-2020-2021. In conclusion, after the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in RSV cases in 2021 exceeding the median seasonal peak was detected, with the involvement of older children, while no difference was found in severity.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Observational Study ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15020280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Vertically acquired hepatitis C virus infection: Correlates of transmission and disease progression.

    Tovo, Pier-Angelo / Calitri, Carmelina / Scolfaro, Carlo / Gabiano, Clara / Garazzino, Silvia

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2016  Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 1382–1392

    Abstract: The worldwide prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children is 0.05%-0.4% in developed countries and 2%-5% in resource-limited settings, where inadequately tested blood products or un-sterile medical injections still remain important routes ...

    Abstract The worldwide prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children is 0.05%-0.4% in developed countries and 2%-5% in resource-limited settings, where inadequately tested blood products or un-sterile medical injections still remain important routes of infection. After the screening of blood donors, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HCV has become the leading cause of pediatric infection, at a rate of 5%. Maternal HIV co-infection is a significant risk factor for MTCT and anti-HIV therapy during pregnancy seemingly can reduce the transmission rate of both viruses. Conversely, a high maternal viral load is an important, but not preventable risk factor, because at present no anti-HCV treatment can be administered to pregnant women to block viral replication. Caution is needed in adopting obstetric procedures, such as amniocentesis or internal fetal monitoring, that can favor fetal exposure to HCV contaminated maternal blood, though evidence is lacking on the real risk of single obstetric practices. Mode of delivery and type of feeding do not represent significant risk factors for MTCT. Therefore, there is no reason to offer elective caesarean section or discourage breast-feeding to HCV infected parturients. Information on the natural history of vertical HCV infection is limited. The primary infection is asymptomatic in infants. At least one quarter of infected children shows a spontaneous viral clearance (SVC) that usually occurs within 6 years of life. IL-28B polymorphims and genotype 3 infection have been associated with greater chances of SVC. In general, HCV progression is mild or moderate in children with chronic infection who grow regularly, though cases with marked liver fibrosis or hepatic failure have been described. Non-organ specific autoantibodies and cryoglobulins are frequently found in children with chronic infection, but autoimmune diseases or HCV associated extrahepatic manifestations are rare.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Coinfection ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Hepacivirus/pathogenicity ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/transmission ; Hepatitis C/virology ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Remission Induction ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1382
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: "Collateral" effect of artemether in an atypical kidney involvement by Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a case report.

    Calitri, Carmelina / Garazzino, Silvia / Camilla, Roberta / Peruzzi, Licia / Amore, Alessandro / Tovo, Pier-Angelo

    Journal of vector borne diseases

    2014  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 147–148

    MeSH term(s) Administration, Intravenous ; Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Artemisinins/pharmacology ; Artemisinins/therapeutic use ; Atovaquone/therapeutic use ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Creatinine/blood ; Creatinine/urine ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Humans ; Immunosuppression/methods ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/parasitology ; Kidney/pathology ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy ; Malaria, Falciparum/pathology ; Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use ; Proguanil/therapeutic use ; Proteinuria/pathology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Artemisinins ; Drug Combinations ; atovaquone, proguanil drug combination ; Cyclophosphamide (8N3DW7272P) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; artemether (C7D6T3H22J) ; Proguanil (S61K3P7B2V) ; Methylprednisolone (X4W7ZR7023) ; Atovaquone (Y883P1Z2LT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06
    Publishing country India
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2161218-3
    ISSN 0972-9062
    ISSN 0972-9062
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: "Collateral" effect of artemether in an atypical kidney involvement by Plasmodium falciparum malaria

    Carmelina Calitri / Silvia Garazzino / Roberta Camilla / Licia Peruzzi / Alessandro Amore / Pier-Angelo Tovo

    Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, Vol 51, Iss 2, Pp 147-

    A case report

    2014  Volume 148

    Keywords Child; glomerulonephritis; malaria; Plasmodium falciparum ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher National Institute of Malaria Research
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: An atypical deep neck infection in a two-year-old child.

    Raffaldi, Irene / Scolfaro, Carlo / Garazzino, Silvia / Peradotto, Federica / Calitri, Carmelina / Tovo, Pier Angelo

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2014  Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 136–139

    Abstract: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are one of the major causes of lymphadenitis in children and seldom of deep neck infections. We reported the case of an immunocompetent two-year-old girl with adenitis and retropharyngeal abscess caused by an atypical ... ...

    Abstract Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are one of the major causes of lymphadenitis in children and seldom of deep neck infections. We reported the case of an immunocompetent two-year-old girl with adenitis and retropharyngeal abscess caused by an atypical mycobacterium. She had a positive tuberculin skin test, whereas the Quantiferon TB Gold test was negative. The child underwent a complete nodal excision. The search for acid fast bacilli was positive and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was isolated from the surgically removed material. The retropharyngeal abscess was treated only with antimicrobial therapy, which resulted in an appreciable size reduction of the abscess. After two months antimicrobial treatment was interrupted, and complete resolution was achieved after twelve months. No relapse of disease or possible long-term complications were observed. The surgical wound healed completely, with normal overlying skin and a good aesthetic result. The clinical management of atypical mycobacteria lymphadenitis and retropharyngeal abscess in children is discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Clarithromycin/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Ethambutol/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis/diagnosis ; Lymphadenitis/drug therapy ; Lymphadenitis/microbiology ; Lymphadenitis/surgery ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/complications ; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum/isolation & purification ; Neck/pathology ; Retropharyngeal Abscess/diagnosis ; Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy ; Retropharyngeal Abscess/microbiology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antitubercular Agents ; Ethambutol (8G167061QZ) ; Clarithromycin (H1250JIK0A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-23
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 1124-9390
    ISSN 1124-9390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Magicplex(TM) Sepsis Real-Time test to improve bloodstream infection diagnostics in children.

    Denina, Marco / Scolfaro, Carlo / Colombo, Sara / Calitri, Carmelina / Garazzino, Silvia / Barbui Anna, Anna / Brossa, Silvia / Tovo, Pier-Angelo

    European journal of pediatrics

    2016  Volume 175, Issue 8, Page(s) 1107–1111

    Abstract: Unlabelled: Sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in immunocompromised patients, and a rapid identification of causative pathogen is strongly related with a better outcome. This prospective study analyzes the role ... ...

    Abstract Unlabelled: Sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in immunocompromised patients, and a rapid identification of causative pathogen is strongly related with a better outcome. This prospective study analyzes the role of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction in sepsis' etiological diagnosis. Magicplex(TM) Sepsis Real-Time tests were performed in tertiary Regina Margherita Children's Hospital (Turin, Italy), and the medical records of children who underwent a Magicplex test were prospectively evaluated. Results of the Magicplex test were compared with those of blood culture collected at a close time point. One hundred fifty Magicplex tests were collected from 89 patients (54 males and 35 females, age interquartile range: 2.6-12.1 years). Etiological definition was achieved in 60 bloodstream infection cases (40 %). In 32 episodes, Magicplex test alone gave a positive result, and blood culture alone permitted the etiological diagnosis in 5 septic episodes. Magicplex test allowed a 143 % increase in the diagnostic value of blood cultures.
    Conclusion: These results suggest that molecular biology can be useful for rapid pathogen's identification also in children.
    What is known: • Sepsis represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. • Sepsis outcome is strongly related to rapid microbiological identification and prompt initiation of an appropriate chemotherapy. What is New: • This manuscript is the first that describes the use of Magicplex (TM) Sepsis Real-Time test in children. • The results suggest that molecular biology can be useful for rapid pathogen's identification also in children.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194196-3
    ISSN 1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
    ISSN (online) 1432-1076
    ISSN 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
    DOI 10.1007/s00431-016-2745-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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