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  1. Article ; Online: Subway Ridership, Crowding, or Population Density: Determinants of COVID-19 Infection Rates in New York City.

    Hamidi, Shima / Hamidi, Iman

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 5, Page(s) 614–620

    Abstract: Introduction: This study aims to determine whether subway ridership and built environmental factors, such as population density and points of interests, are linked to the per capita COVID-19 infection rate in New York City ZIP codes, after controlling ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: This study aims to determine whether subway ridership and built environmental factors, such as population density and points of interests, are linked to the per capita COVID-19 infection rate in New York City ZIP codes, after controlling for racial and socioeconomic characteristics.
    Methods: Spatial lag models were employed to model the cumulative COVID-19 per capita infection rate in New York City ZIP codes (N=177) as of April 1 and May 25, 2020, accounting for the spatial relationships among observations. Both direct and total effects (through spatial relationships) were reported.
    Results: This study distinguished between density and crowding. Crowding (and not density) was associated with the higher infection rate on April 1. Average household size was another significant crowding-related variable in both models. There was no evidence that subway ridership was related to the COVID-19 infection rate. Racial and socioeconomic compositions were among the most significant predictors of spatial variation in COVID-19 per capita infection rates in New York City, even more so than variables such as point-of-interest rates, density, and nursing home bed rates.
    Conclusions: Point-of-interest destinations not only could facilitate the spread of virus to other parts of the city (through indirect effects) but also were significantly associated with the higher infection rate in their immediate neighborhoods during the early stages of the pandemic. Policymakers should pay particularly close attention to neighborhoods with a high proportion of crowded households and these destinations during the early stages of pandemics.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Crowding ; Humans ; New York City/epidemiology ; Population Density ; Railroads
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.11.016
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  2. Article: Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States

    Hamidi, Shima / Zandiatashbar, Ahoura

    Landscape and urban planning. 2021 Jan., v. 205

    2021  

    Abstract: In the absence of a vaccine and medical treatments, social distancing remains the only option available to governments in order to slow the spread of global pandemics such as COVID-19 and save millions of lives. Despite the scientific evidence on the ... ...

    Abstract In the absence of a vaccine and medical treatments, social distancing remains the only option available to governments in order to slow the spread of global pandemics such as COVID-19 and save millions of lives. Despite the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of social distancing measures, they are not being practiced uniformly across the U.S. Accordingly, the role of compact development on the level of adherence to social distancing measures has not been empirically studied. This longitudinal study employs a natural experimental research design to investigative the impacts of compact development on reduction in travel to three types of destinations representing a range of essential and non-essential trips in 771 metropolitan counties in the U.S during the shelter-in-place order amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We employed Multilevel Linear Modeling (MLM) for the three longitudinal analyses in this study to model determinants of reduction in daily trips to grocery stores, parks, and transit stations; using travel data from Google and accounting for the hierarchical (two-level) structure of the data. We found that the challenges of practicing social distancing in compact areas are not related to minimizing essential trips. Quite the opposite, residents of compact areas have significantly higher reduction in trips to essential destinations such as grocery stores/pharmacies, and transit stations. However, residents of compact counties have significantly lower reduction in their trips to parks possibly due to the smaller homes, lack of private yards, and the higher level of anxiety amid the pandemic. This study offers a number of practical implications and directions for future research.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; anxiety ; landscapes ; longitudinal studies ; pandemic ; travel ; vaccines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 742504-1
    ISSN 1872-6062 ; 0169-2046
    ISSN (online) 1872-6062
    ISSN 0169-2046
    DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103952
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States.

    Hamidi, Shima / Zandiatashbar, Ahoura

    Landscape and urban planning

    2020  Volume 205, Page(s) 103952

    Abstract: In the absence of a vaccine and medical treatments, social distancing remains the only option available to governments in order to slow the spread of global pandemics such as COVID-19 and save millions of lives. Despite the scientific evidence on the ... ...

    Abstract In the absence of a vaccine and medical treatments, social distancing remains the only option available to governments in order to slow the spread of global pandemics such as COVID-19 and save millions of lives. Despite the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of social distancing measures, they are not being practiced uniformly across the U.S. Accordingly, the role of compact development on the level of adherence to social distancing measures has not been empirically studied. This longitudinal study employs a natural experimental research design to investigative the impacts of compact development on reduction in travel to three types of destinations representing a range of essential and non-essential trips in 771 metropolitan counties in the U.S during the shelter-in-place order amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We employed Multilevel Linear Modeling (MLM) for the three longitudinal analyses in this study to model determinants of reduction in daily trips to grocery stores, parks, and transit stations; using travel data from Google and accounting for the hierarchical (two-level) structure of the data. We found that the challenges of practicing social distancing in compact areas are not related to minimizing essential trips. Quite the opposite, residents of compact areas have significantly higher reduction in trips to essential destinations such as grocery stores/pharmacies, and transit stations. However, residents of compact counties have significantly lower reduction in their trips to parks possibly due to the smaller homes, lack of private yards, and the higher level of anxiety amid the pandemic. This study offers a number of practical implications and directions for future research.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 742504-1
    ISSN 1872-6062 ; 0169-2046
    ISSN (online) 1872-6062
    ISSN 0169-2046
    DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103952
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  4. Article ; Online: Examining the Relationship between Urban Design Qualities and Walking Behavior

    Shima Hamidi / Somayeh Moazzeni

    Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 10, p

    Empirical Evidence from Dallas, TX

    2019  Volume 2720

    Abstract: This study examines the relationship between street-level urban design perceptual qualities and walking behavior in the City of Dallas. While the city has the potential to experience growth in pedestrian activities, it exhibits a very low level of ... ...

    Abstract This study examines the relationship between street-level urban design perceptual qualities and walking behavior in the City of Dallas. While the city has the potential to experience growth in pedestrian activities, it exhibits a very low level of walking activity, placing it as one of the least walkable cities in the nation. To assess the impact of urban design qualities on walkability, we collected data on 23 features related to urban design, 11 built environment variables characterized as D variables comprising diversity, density, design, distance to transit, and destination accessibility. The sample included 402 street block faces in Dallas Downtown Improvement District. Accounting for spatial autocorrelation, we found that two urban design qualities, among five, including image-ability—such as a memorable quality of a place, and transparency—as to what degree people can see beyond the street’s edge—significantly influence pedestrian volume in downtown streets. These findings are in agreement with the two previous studies that used the same methodology in different cities (New York City, NYC and Salt Lake City, UT). According to the findings of these three studies, the other urban design qualities including human scale, complexity, as well as enclosure, are not playing a significant role in walkability, despite the theoretical justification and the extensive operationalization efforts. The findings of this study draw policy makers’ attention to creating more appealing and walkable places through the implementation of these urban design qualities.
    Keywords Urban Design ; walkability ; Transparency ; Imageability ; D variables ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Individuals’ Demand for Ride-hailing Services

    Roya Etminani-Ghasrodashti / Shima Hamidi

    Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 20, p

    Investigating the Combined Effects of Attitudinal Factors, Land Use, and Travel Attributes on Demand for App-based Taxis in Tehran, Iran

    2019  Volume 5755

    Abstract: Despite the growing body of research on ride-hailing travel behaviors in Western countries, empirical evidence for changes in travel patterns resulting from the use of app-based services in developing countries remains rare. This study explores factors ... ...

    Abstract Despite the growing body of research on ride-hailing travel behaviors in Western countries, empirical evidence for changes in travel patterns resulting from the use of app-based services in developing countries remains rare. This study explores factors affecting an Iranian on-demand ride service called Snapp Taxi by using a comprehensive dataset collected from 22 municipality zones in metropolitan Tehran (N = 582). Our conceptual framework emphasizes the transportation mode choice effects of technology adoption, travel mode, ride-sourcing attributes, individual attitudes, land use measures, residential attributes, and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Results from Structural Equation Models (SEM) show that factors such as cost effectiveness, trip security, anti-shared mobility, and technology-oriented riders have a significant impact on travel mode choice and the frequency of ride-hailing trips. This study suggests that individuals who prefer driving and semi-public transit also have higher numbers of Snapp trips than other demographics. According to our findings, on-demand ride services could complement or compete with other modes of transport, especially in areas with limited access to public transit. However, the presence of ride-hailing services does not necessarily result in fewer car trips if the service operates as a private (single-party occupancy) vehicle and not as a shared mobility option.
    Keywords on-demand transportation ; ride-hailing ; land use ; attitudes ; travel mode choice ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: A National Study on Transportation Affordability of HUD Housing Assistance Programs

    Jinat Jahan / Shima Hamidi

    Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

    2019  Volume 123

    Abstract: This national study is an effort to measure transportation costs and affordability for the major Housing and Urban Development (HUD) housing assistance programs since the transportation costs are the second largest expense of American households. This ... ...

    Abstract This national study is an effort to measure transportation costs and affordability for the major Housing and Urban Development (HUD) housing assistance programs since the transportation costs are the second largest expense of American households. This study estimates transportation costs for 76,000 address level properties from seven major HUD-designated affordable housing programs. Our transportation cost models are tailored for low-income households and account for built environmental determinants of travel, known as D variables, at the disaggregated level. We found that more than 44% of these properties in 326 U.S. metropolitan areas are unaffordable in terms of transportation costs. That could result in a waste of over $37.9 billion HUD spends annually to run these programs and subsidize housing for low-income families while some of these families spend substantial amount of their income on transportation. Our findings suggest that the provision of subsidized housing in mixed use, and transit-served neighborhoods would help low-income households to reduce their transportation costs even in auto-oriented sprawling regions. This study concludes with policy recommendations to local and federal governments and transit agencies on ways to incorporate transportation parameters to ensure true affordability for low-income residents of subsidized housing.
    Keywords accessibility ; transportation affordability ; transportation costs ; location efficiency ; hud assistance programs ; d-variables ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Examining the Relationship between Urban Design Qualities and Walking Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Dallas, TX

    Hamidi, Shima / Moazzeni, Somayeh

    Sustainability. 2019 May 14, v. 11, no. 10

    2019  

    Abstract: This study examines the relationship between street-level urban design perceptual qualities and walking behavior in the City of Dallas. While the city has the potential to experience growth in pedestrian activities, it exhibits a very low level of ... ...

    Abstract This study examines the relationship between street-level urban design perceptual qualities and walking behavior in the City of Dallas. While the city has the potential to experience growth in pedestrian activities, it exhibits a very low level of walking activity, placing it as one of the least walkable cities in the nation. To assess the impact of urban design qualities on walkability, we collected data on 23 features related to urban design, 11 built environment variables characterized as D variables comprising diversity, density, design, distance to transit, and destination accessibility. The sample included 402 street block faces in Dallas Downtown Improvement District. Accounting for spatial autocorrelation, we found that two urban design qualities, among five, including image-ability—such as a memorable quality of a place, and transparency—as to what degree people can see beyond the street’s edge—significantly influence pedestrian volume in downtown streets. These findings are in agreement with the two previous studies that used the same methodology in different cities (New York City, NYC and Salt Lake City, UT). According to the findings of these three studies, the other urban design qualities including human scale, complexity, as well as enclosure, are not playing a significant role in walkability, despite the theoretical justification and the extensive operationalization efforts. The findings of this study draw policy makers’ attention to creating more appealing and walkable places through the implementation of these urban design qualities.
    Keywords autocorrelation ; cities ; empirical models ; issues and policy ; walking ; New York ; Texas ; Utah
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0514
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518383-7
    ISSN 2071-1050
    ISSN 2071-1050
    DOI 10.3390/su11102720
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Longitudinal analyses of the relationship between development density and the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates: Early evidence from 1,165 metropolitan counties in the United States.

    Hamidi, Shima / Ewing, Reid / Sabouri, Sadegh

    Health & place

    2020  Volume 64, Page(s) 102378

    Abstract: This longitudinal study aims to investigative the impacts of development density on the spread and mortality rates of COVID-19 in metropolitan counties in the United States. Multilevel Linear Modeling (MLM) is employed to model the infection rate and the ...

    Abstract This longitudinal study aims to investigative the impacts of development density on the spread and mortality rates of COVID-19 in metropolitan counties in the United States. Multilevel Linear Modeling (MLM) is employed to model the infection rate and the mortality rate of COVID-19, accounting for the hierarchical (two-level) and longitudinal structure of the data. This study finds that large metropolitan size (measured in terms of population) leads to significantly higher COVID-19 infection rates and higher mortality rates. After controlling for metropolitan size and other confounding variables, county density leads to significantly lower infection rates and lower death rates. These findings recommend that urban planners and health professionals continue to advocate for compact development and continue to oppose urban sprawl for this and many other reasons documented in the literature, including the positive relationship between compact development and fitness and general health.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/ethnology ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Environment Design ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Morbidity ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1262540-1
    ISSN 1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
    ISSN (online) 1873-2054
    ISSN 1353-8292
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102378
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    Zs.A 4333: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: The effects of melissa officinalis on depression and anxiety in type 2 diabetes patients with depression: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial.

    Safari, Mostafa / Asadi, Akbar / Aryaeian, Naheed / Huseini, Hasan Fallah / Shidfar, Farzad / Jazayeri, Shima / Malek, Mojtaba / Hosseini, Agha Fateme / Hamidi, Zahra

    BMC complementary medicine and therapies

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 140

    Abstract: Background: Depression is more common in diabetic patients, with a 1.5-fold increased risk of death.Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis) have anti-diabetic and anti-depression activities. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of M. officinalis ... ...

    Abstract Background: Depression is more common in diabetic patients, with a 1.5-fold increased risk of death.Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis) have anti-diabetic and anti-depression activities. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of M. officinalis extract on depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes with depressive symptoms.
    Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 60 volunteer patients (age range 20-65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus with symptoms of depression were randomized into the intervention (received 700 mg/day hydroalcoholic extract; n = 30) or control group (received 700 mg/day toasted flour; n = 30). Dietary intake, physical activity, anthropometric indices, FBS (Fasting blood sugar), hs-CRP(High-sensitivity C-reactiveprotein), depression, anxiety, and sleep quality were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Depression and anxiety were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively; sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
    Results: Sixty participants received M. officinalis extract or placebo, of which 44 patients completed the 12-week double-blind clinical trial. After 12-week the mean change of depression and anxiety scores were statistically significant between the two groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively), but no significant differences were observed in FBS, hs-CRP, anthropometric indices, sleep quality, and blood pressure.In the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in depression and anxiety severity(p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) at the end of the study compared to the baseline.
    Trial registration: All protocols in this study were followed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration (1989 revision). Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Iran University of Medical Sciences Ethics committee (IR.IUMS.FMD.REC 1396.9413468004; research.iums.ac.ir). The study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT201709239472N16); Registration date: 09/10/2017.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Melissa ; Iran ; C-Reactive Protein ; Anxiety/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-7671
    ISSN (online) 2662-7671
    DOI 10.1186/s12906-023-03978-x
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  10. Article ; Online: Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic? ; Early Findings and Lessons for Planners

    Hamidi, Shima / Sabouri, Sadegh / Ewing, Reid

    Journal of the American Planning Association

    2020  Volume 86, Issue 4, Page(s) 495–509

    Keywords Geography, Planning and Development ; Development ; Urban Studies ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Informa UK Limited
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2067778-9
    ISSN 1939-0130 ; 0194-4363
    ISSN (online) 1939-0130
    ISSN 0194-4363
    DOI 10.1080/01944363.2020.1777891
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